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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of various clothing materials for protection and worker acceptability during application of pesticides (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Seven different garment materials were examined for resistance to penetration by eight commonly used sprays and one concentrated pesticide formulation. The lightweight materials were four types of spunbonded olefin and a water repellent cellulostic and were compared to heavy cotton drill and rubberized cotton. The latter two materials are used for making coveralls and raingear commonly employed as applicator's protective clothing. Penetration tests were designed to mimic repeated exposure to drifting spray and exposure to concentrated pesticide formulation splashed on a worker during preparation of spray. Lightweight materials were penetrated by more pesticide than would penetrate rubberized rainwear. All of the materials tested would provide significant protection for applicators who chose to wear only short-sleeved shirts and cotton trousers during hot weather rather than endure the discomfort of rubberized cotton garments. Only polyethylene-coated spunbonded olefin and rubberized cotton provided adequate protection against concentrated pesticide formulations. In direct sunlight, the interior surface temperatures of black or dark green, rubberized raingear averaged ∼70°C (158°F) and reached as high as 83°C (181°F). Under similar conditions the interior surface of white, lightweight jackets averaged ∼40°C (104°F). Cellulostic material tore too easily for use in orchard spraying. Some garments leaked around the seams, but this may be corrected by use of other seam designs. Spraymen indicated they would wear lightweight garments during hot weather.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056064
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl parathion persistence in soil following simulated spillage (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 10 (1981), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Simulated spillage of emulsifiable concentrate (E.C.) and microencapsulated formulations of methyl parathion on soil were studied. Persistence of residues from both formulations spilled as concentrates and as simulated drum rinses were followed for up to 45 months. Spillage of encapsulated formulation resulted in the formulation of a solid cake-like deposit on the soil surface, which could be a particularly attractive hazard to small children. At 45 months, soil residues had decreased by 64% for emulsifiable concentrate spills, and 68% for the soil beneath the microencapsulated cake. Residue in the cake itself only decreased by 31%. Soil residue levels from simulated drum rinses were essentially innocuous by 45 months for the emulsifiable concentrate and by one year for the microencapsulated material. The leaching of methyl parathion from the microencapsulated cake into soil and the relationship between available residue and wet weather were also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055441
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential exposure to dislodgable residues after application of two formulations of methyl parathion to apple trees (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1981), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01610993
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use, growth and rubber yields of four guayule selections as related to irrigation regimes (1984)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 5 (1984), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There has been renewed interest in cultivating guayule (Parthenium argentatum G.) for rubber production. Water use, growth and rubber yields of four guayule selections (593, 11.591, 11 646 and 4265 XF) were evaluated for two years in nonweighing field lysimeters at El Paso, TX. Four irrigation treatments were evaluated; these involved irrigation when about 40, 60 or 90% of available water was depleted, and the fourth treatment was irrigated at 60% depletion using saline water containing 3,300 mg of dissolved salts per liter. Water use for the two year period for these treatments amounted to 219, 147, 96 and 132 cm, respectively, plus biennial rainfall of 32 cm. Shrub and resin yields increased linearly with increasing irrigation, while rubber contents generally decreased with irrigation. Resultant rubber yields were highest under the lowest stress treatment, yielding about 840 kg/ha. Rubber yields with other treatments averaged 560 kg/ha with no significant yield differences among the tested selections. The salt treatment increased rubber contents of the shrubs, but caused reductions in shrub and rubber yields. Guayule plants survived well under low soil moisture, but water requirement to produce unit quantities of biomass was high (about 15 cm to produce one ton of dry shrub per ha). Guayule should not be regarded as a low water consuming crop if high yields per land area are to be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272548
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric availability of a liquid concentrate formulation of paraquat dichloride following simulated spillage on soil (1980)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1980), S. 555-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608155
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field study of the chemical degradation of paraquat dichloride following simulated spillage on soil (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1981), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622047
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wind tunnel study of the flow field within and around open-top chambers used for air pollution studies (1983)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 25 (1983), S. 193-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The EPA Meteorological Wind Tunnel was used to examine the flow field in and around models of open-top field-plant growth chambers used to assess the effects of pollutant gases on plant growth. Baffles designed to reduce the ingress of ambient air into the chamber through the open top were tested; the mean flow and turbulence in the simulated boundary layer with and without the chambers were compared (the chamber was operated with and without the pollutant flow system on); and the effects of surrounding chambers on the concentration field were measured. Results showed that a baffle with a reduced opening vertically above the test area maintained the highest uniform concentration in the test area. The major differences between the three (no chamber and the chamber with flow on and off) mean velocity profiles occurred below z/h = 2.0 (h is chamber height) and at z/h ≤ 4.2. The three Reynolds stress profiles were similar above z/h = 2.0. Downwind of the chamber, the Reynolds stresses in the on-mode were greater than those in the off-mode above z/h = 1.1. The reverse was true below that point. Both longitudinal and vertical intensities above and downwind of the chamber were greater with the mixture flow system on rather than off, below about z/h 〈 1.5. Lateral variations in the mean wind indicated that the mean velocity was greater with the mixture flow system on except near the centerline where the reverse was true. The concentrations in the downwind wake resembled those for a cube. The location of a cylinder within a regular array had some effect on its internal gas concentration. Locations near the upwind and downwind edges of the array were associated with lower concentrations, although for all locations the highest internal values were always found at the lowest portion of the upwind wall. With active cylinders downwind, the gas plume emitted from a source cylinder at the windward edge of the array was forced 0.5 h higher and the centerline meandered laterally when compared with the single-cylinder case. A cylinder located at z/h = 1.0 downwind from a source cylinder received approximately 3%; of the concentration input to the source, or roughly 10%; of the actual concentration within the source cylinder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123974
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A regional analysis of the meteorological aspects of the spread and development of blue mold on tobacco (1984)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 28 (1984), S. 271-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco blue mold caused by Peronospora tabacina is a highly weather sensitive disease which occurred in the major tobacco production areas of North Carolina in 1980. Dates of first reported occurrence of blue mold by county units in eastern North Carolina progressed in a northeastward direction from the South Carolina border to the Virginia border between 1 May and 6 June. In the central piedmont region of the state, blue mold was first reported in mid-May while in the western mountains, blue mold was recorded in early June. Temperatures and total weekly rainfall data were analyzed for 18 weeks from late March to early August from 102 weather stations across North Carolina and from the bordering regions of surrounding states. An analysis of first occurrence dates and the temporal and spatial properties of temperature and precipitation indicated that the epidemic continued to spread despite temperatures outside the range previously considered favorable for the disease. Availability of moisture on the tobacco leaves for spore germination appeared to be the predominant factor in all parts of the state. Trajectory analysis was used to identify possible source regions for the spores which arrived over North Carolina tobacco fields. The analysis indicated that there were many days in April, May, and June 1980 when conditions were considered favorable for spore transport to North Carolina from the infected fields located to the south. Taking into account epidemiological latent periods, certain of these trajectory dates were selected as representing the most probable periods of spore transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flare research with the NASA/MSFC vector magnetograph: Observed characteristics of sheared magnetic fields that produce flares (1982)
    Springer
    Solar physics 113 (1982), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present MSFC Vector Magnetograph has sufficient spatial resolution (2.7 arcsec pixels) and sensitivity to the transverse field (the noise level is about 100 gauss) to map the transverse field in active regions accurately enough to reveal key aspects of the sheared magnetic fields commonly found at flare sites. From the measured shear angle along the polarity inversion line in sites that flared and in other shear sites that didn't flare, we find evidence that a sufficient condition for a flare to occur in 1000 gauss fields in and near sunspots is that both (1) the maximum shear angle exceed 85 degrees and (2) the extent of strong shear (shear angle 〉 80 degrees) exceed 10,000 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147721
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution of 6 centimeter gyroresonance emission from a flaring X-ray loop (1984)
    Springer
    Solar physics 92 (1984), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We compare simultaneous high resolution soft X-ray and 6 cm images of the decay phase of an M3 X-ray flare in Hale Region 16413. The photographic X-ray images were obtained on an AS & E sounding rocket flown 7 November, 1979, and the 6 cm observations were made with the VLA. The X-ray images were converted to arrays of line-of-sight emission integrals and average temperature throughout the region. The X-ray flare structure consisted of a large loop system of length ∼ 1.3 arc min and average temperature ∼8 × 106 K. The peak 6 cm emission appeared to come from a region below the X-ray loop. The predicted 6 cm flux due to thermal bremsstrahlung calculated on the basis of the X-ray parameters along the loop was about an order of magnitude less than observed. We model the loop geometry to examine the expected gyroresonance absorption along the loop. We find that thermal gyroresonance emission requiring rather large azimuthal or radial field components, or nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission involving continual acceleration of electrons can explain the observations. However, we cannot choose between these possibilities because of our poor knowledge of the loop magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157251
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