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  • Articles  (8,414)
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  • Springer  (8,414)
  • 1980-1984  (8,414)
  • Biology  (7,182)
  • Mathematics  (1,279)
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  • Articles  (8,414)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cycling of organic and inorganic sulphur in a chestnut oak forest (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 54 (1982), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sulfur (S) cycling in a chestnut oak forest on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, was dominated by geochemical processes involving sulfate. Even though available SO 4 2- was present far in excess of forest nutritional requirements, the ecosystem as a whole accumulated ∼60% of incoming SO4−S. Most (90%) of this accumulation occurred by SO 4 2- adsorption in sesquioxide-rich subsurface soils, with a relatively minor amount accumulating and cycling as SO 4 2- within vegetative components. Organic sulfates are thought to constitute a large proportion of total S in surface soils, also, and to provide a pool of readily mineralized available S within the ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378385
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  • 2
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    Cycling of organic and inorganic sulphur in a chestnut oak forest (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ly-1 inducer and Ly-1,2 acceptor t cells in the feedback suppression circuit bear an I-J-subregion controlled determinant (1980)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 11 (1980), S. 549-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An I-J-subregion controlled determinant is expressed on Ly-1 inducer and Ly-1,2 acceptor T cells in the feedback suppression circuit. Ly-1 T cells absorb the I-J antibody reactive with the Ly-1,2 acceptor T cell, suggesting that both inducer and acceptor T cells have the same 1-J determinant. Since less than 10 percent of Ly-1 or Ly-1,2 T cells are killed by anti-I-J plus complement treatment, the I-J determinant demarcates functionally distinct subsets of both the Ly-1 and Ly-1,2 T-cell sets. This I-J determinant is not expressed on a detectable number of Ly-1 helper T cells which induce B lymphocytes to produce anti-sheep red cell antibody in tissue culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567824
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A material isolated from human hands that attracts female mosquitoes (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 429-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; human ; mosquito ; collection ; concentration ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles quadrimaculatus ; Diptera ; Culicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The residue left on glass surfaces by human hands was found to be attractive to femaleAedes aegypti (L.) andAnopheles quadrimaculatus Say mosquitoes. The material lost half of its activity in 1 hr. A solvent wash technique was developed to recover and concentrate the residuum from handled glass beads. The residuum could be recovered effectively with absolute ethanol and less effectively with several other solvents. More mosquitoes were attracted to heated than to unheated residuum, an indication of its volatility. Also, attraction of the residuum decreased with decreasing concentration or dose. Concentrated residuum collections, stored under refrigeration and tested for longevity, showed no appreciable loss of attractiveness up to 60 days of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987791
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative mechanical performances of some new devices for fixation of unstable pelvic ring fractures (1983)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 21 (1983), S. 657-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanical stability ; External fixation ; Pelvic fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory cadaveric model, developed previously for the study of currently employed external fixation devices used for unstable pelvic fractures was used to evaluate rigidity improvements associated with a number of fixation design innovations. Based on quasistatic shearing displacements measured at the sacro-iliac joint and symphysis pubis disruption sites, otherwise identical anterior frameworks constructed on 5 mm fixation halfpins, rather than upon standard 4 mm halfpins, were able to sustain markedly (58% to 210%) greater loadings. A new and very simple traingular framework was designed and constructed for which the fixation rigidity was found to rival that of much more complex and cumbersome double anterior frames. When used as the posterior component of combined anterior/posterior fixation systems, a new double cobra-type (internal) plate allowed the injury model pelvises to sustain near-physiological load levels. A pair of dynamic compression plates attached across a disrupted symphysis pubis was found to be a biomechanically acceptable substitute for an anterior external fixator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464027
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA synthesis as a measure of microbial growth in aquatic environments. I. Evaluation, verification and optimization of methods (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 64 (1981), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of rates of microbial (bacteria and unicellular algae) ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in environmental samples by radioactive tracers requires several assumptions that we test and evaluate herein. After addition of 3H-adenine to water samples from eutrophic freshwater or pelagic and oceanic ecosystems, microorganisms assimilate it without (1) any luxury uptake or (2) any expansion of intracellular adenine nucleotide pools. The calculated rate of stable RNA synthesis tends to be overestimated during the initial time periods of labeling (i.e., less than 30 s for cultures of Serratia marinorubra, and less than 20 min for most environmental samples) due to kinetic compartmentalization of the nucleic acid precursor (ATP) pool. Time-series analyses are recommended because the effects of compartmentalization decrease with increasing incubation. The kinetics of 3H-adenine uptake and aspects of its subsequent assimilation, intermediary metabolism and breakdown are described in bacteria and natural assemblages of microorganisms. Mass-balance radioactivity inventories greatly facilitate interpretation of nucleic acid precursor assimilation. Finally, we demonstrate that independent measurements of precursor (ATP) specific radioactivity are required for any elucidation of rates of stable RNA synthesis (and thus microbial growth) in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394075
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA synthesis as a measure of microbial growth in aquatic environments. II. Field applications (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 64 (1981), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rates of stable ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis have been calculated from time-series measurements of the uptake of 3H-adenine and labeling of the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and stable RNA pools for microbial communities from a variety of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Total rates of microbial RNA synthesis ranged from 6.6 pmol to 3.8x105 pmol of adenine incorporated into RNA l−1 h−1. Most of the variation was attributable to differences in microbial biomass; if total rate data are normalized to living microbial carbon (based on ATP measurements), the variation in specific rates of RNA synthesis is decreased by a factor of 100 to 1 000 for microbial communities from diverse environments. Light/dark experiments indicated that the uptake and incorporation of 3H-adenine are uncoupled from photophosphorylation. The measurement of rates of stable RNA synthesis of microbial assemblages in nature can yield useful information concerning in situ growth rates and the response of communities to changes in environmental conditions such as nutrient additions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394076
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow through brushborders and similar protuberant wall structures (1980)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 56 (1980), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Longitudinal flow through channels with protuberant wall structures such as brushborders were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were performed using tubes with synthetic internal brushborders, scaled to resemble the geometry and flow in proximal tubules of the kidney. Fractional flow rates in the brushborder were deduced from transit times of dye traces through the central core and total flow rate. The measured ratios of brushborder to core flowQ B /Q C were found to be independent of Reynolds number over the rangeRe=0.01–0.2. They agreed reasonably well with theoretical predictions based on the Kozeny-Carman equation for flow through arrays of parallel cylinders. The predictions can be extended to arbitrary geometries and turbulent flow conditions by appropriate modifications. Extrapolation of the results to the proximal tubule of the kidney indicate that brushborder flowrates there vary from 0.003 to 0.09% of total flow. Any axial transport in these structures would be predominantly diffusive in nature, and would be highly unlikely to affect radial brushborder gradients and transmural flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869475
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular ions in intact and denervated muscles of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 81 (1984), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: skeletal muscle ; denervation ; ionic activity ; cellular composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Tissue composition, membrane potentials and cellular activity of potassium, sodium and chloride have been measured in innervated and denervated rat skeletal muscles incubatedin vitro. After denervation for 3 days, tissue water, sodium and chloride were increased but cellular potassium content and measured activity were little affected, despite a decrease of 16 mV in resting membrane potential which would have necessitated a decrease in cellular potassium activity of almost 50% were potassium distributed at electrochemical equilibrium. These findings, therefore, preclude a decreased electrochemical potential gradient for potassium as the cause of the membrane depolarization characteristic of denervated muscle fibers. Analysis of the data excludes an important contribution of rheogenic sodium transport to the resting potential of innervated muscles. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the decreased membrane potential in denervated fibers reflects a relative increase in the membrane permeability to sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868806
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval dispersal of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent bivalve from the Galápagos Rift (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The prodissoconch morphology of an unclassified mytilid from a hydrothermal vent on the Galápagos Rift indicates the presence of a planktotrophic larval stage with longrange dispersal capabilities. Recorded abyssal currents are probably sufficient to transport such larvae hundreds of kilometers. It is suggested that one or more aspects of the unusual biological or physico-chemical conditions (such as high microbial densities, elevated water temperatures, and hydrogen sulfide concentrations) encountered at vents, provide a stimulus to larval settlement. Such a behavioral response, perhaps coupled with a “gregarious settling” response, would provide a means of concentrating relatively sedentary organisms in and around these restricted, geographically isolated regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387378
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