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  • Springer  (27)
  • Wiley  (10)
  • 1980-1984  (37)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1984), S. 330-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amounts of DNA in individual Feulgen-stained nuclei from squash preparations of ovaries and testes from wild-caught and laboratory-reared stocks of Poecilia spp. were determined with an integrating microdensitometer. The DNA content of primary spermatocytes (4C) at zygotene, pachytene, or at metaphase I (3.3–3.4 pg) was approximately twice that found in secondary spermatocytes (2C) and four times that found for young spermatids (1C). Rarely, mature sperm were found with 2C DNA amounts. Nuclei from follicular epithelium and oogonia from both bisexual and diploid unisexual fish contained about 1.6–1.7 pg DNA; whereas, the DNA content of primary oocyte nuclei was about 3.5–3.7 pg DNA, indicating that just one cycle of chromosomal replication had occurred in these cells during the period of DNA synthesis before the visible onset of meiotic prophase. Similar results were obtained for triploid unisexuals whose 6C primary oocyte nuclei contained 5.0–5.1 pg DNA, which was twice the DNA content of 3C oogonia and follicular epithelial cells (2.4–2.5 pg DNA). Autoradiographic studies, designed to monitor the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by oogonia and primary oocytes in vivo and in vitro, also showed that there is no additional synthesis of DNA during the course of meiotic prophase in these unisexual fish. Therefore, we conclude that apomixis, not endoreduplication, is the cytological basis of reproduction in Poecilia formosa and its related, triploid biotypes.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 153 (1981), S. 166-171 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Proline analogues ; Hordeum ; Mutant (barley) ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five proline analogues were tested for inhibition of the growth of mature barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryos in sterile culture. Inhibition by all analogues was relieved by proline. Inhibition by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline was relieved by low amounts of proline. Twenty thousand mature embryos were dissected from M2 seeds after sodium azide mutagenesis. Four plants (Rothamsted 5201, 6102, 6901, 6902) were selected with good growth on 4 mM trans-4-hydroxyproline. Properties of mutant R5201 were studied in detail. Selfed progeny of R5201 were all resistant to trans-4-hydroxyproline and also to L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline but not L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. The content of soluble proline in progeny of R5201 was higher in leaves by a factor of up to six-fold. Proline content was measured in the soluble fraction of the terminal 20 mm of 4 d old plants subjected to severe water stress in 40% w/v polyethylene glycol. Leaves of the mutant contained more proline initially and accumulated proline morer rapidly than the parental leaves. As mutant leaves were larger and lost water more rapidly the greater increase in proline may have been caused by more severe water stress. Resistance to trans-4-hydroxyproline in R5201 was due to a single partially dominant nuclear gene.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 373-376 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Relative demand ; Wildlife ; Nonconsumptive wildlife uses ; Conservation activity ; Municipal conservation commissioners ; Conservation commissioners ; Massachusetts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An alternative method of estimating relative demand among nonconsumptive uses of wildlife and among wildlife species is proposed. A demand intensity score (DIS), derived from the relative extent of an individual's involvement in outdoor recreation and conservation activities, is used as a weighting device to adjust the importance of preference rankings for wildlife uses and wildlife species relative to other members of a survey population. These adjusted preference rankings were considered to reflect relative demand levels (RDLs) for wildlife uses and for species by the survey population. This technique may be useful where it is not possible or desirable to estimate demand using traditional economic means. In one of the findings from a survey of municipal conservation commission members in Massachusetts, presented as an illustration of this methodology, poisonous snakes were ranked third in preference among five groups of reptiles. The relative demand level for poisonous snakes, however, was last among the five groups.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 146 (1982), S. 245-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Removal of the pineal gland modifies the entrainment behavior of house sparrows. Abnormal entrainment occurs in pinealectomized sparrows exposed to ‘skeleton’ photoperiods (light cycles composed of 2 pulses of light per 24-h cycle). This abnormal entrainment depends upon the state of the locomotor activity (rhythmic or arrhythmic) before exposure to the light cycle, and upon the interval between the 2 pulses of light which constitute the skeleton photoperiod. The conditions that produce abnormal entrainment in pinealectomized birds are strongly correlated with those that produce 2 stable phases of entrainment to skeleton photoperiods in normal birds (‘bistability phenomenon’). These results suggest that after pinealectomy, there remains a population of oscillators whose combined output is reflected in the locomotor activity of individual sparrows.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The avian pineal gland contains a circadian pacemaker that oscillates in vitro. Using a flow-through culture system it is possible to measure melatonin production from very small subsections of an individual gland. We have used this technique to attempt to localize the oscillators in the pineal. Progressive tissue reduction did not affect the rhythmicity of cultured pineals. Multiple pieces (up to eight) from a single pineal all were capable of circadian oscillation — establishing directly that a pineal gland contains at least eight oscillators. All pineal pieces were responsive to light, and single light pulses shifted the phase of the melatonin rhythm. Because pieces equivalent to less than one per cent of the whole gland were rhythmic and because the capacity for oscillation was distributed throughout the gland, an individual pineal appears to be composed of a population of circadian oscillators.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aeromonas species were recovered from over 27% of 183 chlorinated drinking water samples collected during an 18-month period. Sixteen of 20 isolates tested elicited a cytotoxic response by Y-1 mouse adrenal cells. None of the strains was either enterotoxigenic by the rabbit ligated ileal loop assay, exhibited piliation, or showed significant mannose resistant adherence to human buccal cells. TheAeromonas isolates were further identified to beA. sobria and were resistant to ampicillin and susceptible to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Total coliform levels did not correlate withAeromonas densities in distribution water. With 85% of the samplings,Aeromonas occurred in distribution water when no coliforms were detectable by either the membrane filter or most-probable-number techniques. A significant correlation (P〈.001) existed between standard plate count levels andAeromonas.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 32 (1980), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies on the interaction of several proteinases (pepsin, papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, thermolysin) with specific substrates or inhibitors bearing a fluorescent probe group have shown that the extended active sites of these enzymes differ in their conformational flexibility. In addition the use of such extrinsic probe groups, measurements of changes in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, and of the energy transfer from tryptophan to a probe group, have given further information about the flexibility of the active sites of proteinases.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 33 (1980), S. 223-235 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden einige Aspekte der halbtägigen Gezeitenströme auf dem Schelf und am Kontinentalabhang vor Mauretanien beschrieben. Die Grundlage hierzu bilden Strömungsmeßergebnisse des küstennahen Auftriebsexperiments JOINT-I (Februar bis April 1974). Die halbtägigen Gezeiten sind die auffälligsten kurzperiodischen Schwankungen auf dem mauretanischen Schelf. Die Geschwindigkeiten der halbtägigen Gezeitenströme schwanken zwischen 1 cm s−1 und 10 cm s−1. Ihre mittlere Geschwindigkeit von 5 cm s−1 entspricht 15% bis 25% der lokalen Reststromgeschwindigkeit (nach Eliminierung der Gezeitenströme). Der größte Beitrag zu den halbtägigen Gezeitenströmen stammt von der M2-Tide. Die mittlere Strömungsamplitude mit genau 12stündiger Periode (S2) ist etwa halb so groß wie die M2-Amplitude. Das Signal der 12stündigen Gezeitenströme wird durch den nicht zu trennenden Einfluß schwacher Strömungen infolge halbtägiger Windschwankungen verfälscht. Im täglichen Frequenzband überlagern sich aufgrund der ausgeprägten Land-See-Brise ebenfalls periodische Strömungen den ganztägigen Gezeitenströmen. Im Mittel sind die halbtägigen Gezeiten über dem Schelf barotrop. Über dem Kontinentalabhang tragen dagegen interne Gezeiten erheblich zur Verstärkung der Gezeitenenergie bei. Die quer zum Kontinentalabhang beobachteten markanten Phasendifferenzen der halbtägigen Gezeitenströme sind zum großen Teil auf die Wechselwirkung der barotropen und baroklinen Gezeiten zurückzuführen. Während die halbtägigen Gezeitenströme auf dem Schelf gegen den Uhrzeigersinn drehen, rotieren sie 50 km seewärts vom Schelfrand im Uhrzeigersinn.
    Abstract: Résumé Les mesures de courant obtenues lors de l'étude expérimentale JOINT-I (Février–Avril 1974) de l'upwelling côtier sont utilisées pour décrire certains aspects des courants de marée semi-diurnes sur le plateau et en travers du talus continental au large de la Mauritanie. Sur le plateau, les marées semi-diurnes représentent les fluctuations dominantes de période courte. Les vitesses de courant semi-diurnes vont de 1 à 10 cm s−1. Leur vitesses moyennes d'environ 5 cm s−1 atteignent 15% à 25% des vitesses du courant résiduel. L'onde de marée M2 apporte la contribution principale dans les courants semidiurnes. L'amplitude moyenne des courants à la période de marée S2 est à peu près la moitié de celle de M2. L'indication des courants de marée de période de 12.00 heures (S2) est probablement faussée par de faibles variations semi-diurnes du vent. Dans la bande des fréquences diurnes les variations quotidiennes de la brise terre-mer interfèrent avec les courants de marée. En moyenne, les marées semi-diurnes côtières apparaissent barotropiques. Audessus du talus continental, les marées barocliniques apportent une contribution significative aux courants de marée et renforcent l'énergie de marée. Les interactions des marées barotropiques et barocliniques contribuent aussi aux différences de phase marquées des courants semi-diurnes observables en travers du talus continental. Alors que les courants semi-diurnes tournent en sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre sur le plateau, ils tournent dans le sens des aiguilles à 50 km au large du rebord du plateau.
    Notes: Summary Current meter measurements obtained during the coastal upwelling experiment JOINT-I (Feb. to April 1974) are used to describe some aspects of the semi-diurnal tidal currents on the shelf and across the continental slope off Mauritania. On the shelf the semi-diurnal tides represent the dominant short-period fluctuations. Semi-diurnal current speeds range between 1 and 10 cm s−1. The mean speeds of about 5 cm s−1 are 15% to 25% of the residual current speeds. The main contribution to the semi-diurnal currents comes from the M2 tide. The mean amplitude of the currents at the period of the S2 tide is about half as large as the amplitude due to the M2. The signal of tidal currents at the period of 12.00 hours (S2) is probably biased by the influence of weak semi-diurnal wind variations. At the diurnal frequency band the daily wind fluctuations of the land-sea-breeze interferes with the tidal currents. When averaged over time, the semi-diurnal tides inshore appear barotropic. Over the continental slope baroclinic tides contribute significantly to the tidal currents and enhance the tidal energy there. The interactions of barotropic and baroclinic tides also contribute to the observed marked phase differences of the semi-diurnal currents across the continental slope. Whereas the semi-diurnal currents rotate counter-clockwise on the shelf they rotate clockwise 50 km offshore the shelf break.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 13 (1981), S. 747-761 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytochemical methods and electron microscopy were used to study changes in the chemical composition of nuclear, nucleolar and perinuclear bodies during the early stages of oocyte development inPoecilia formosa, an apomictic species of fish that produces only female offspring. Prominent accumulations of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) occur in nucleoli and appear on either side of the nuclear envelope during diplotene. In certain planes of section, RNP material seems to be in transit across this interface.En bloc acid extractions or RNAse treatment abolished basophilia and markedly reduced the electron density of both nucleoli and cytoplasmic nucleolar-like bodies. DNA-specific fluorescent probes such as mithramycin failed to reveal nucleolar cores in poeciliid oocytes, although the same procedures showed unequivocal localization of GC-rich DNA cores within multiple nucleoli of diplotene oocytes fromXenopus laevis or the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri. Also, cytological hybridization studies, utilizing [3H]rRNA as a probe for nucleolar oocytes. Feulgen-stained pachytene oocytes ofP. formosa have twice the number of chromosome strands seen in similar stages of oocytes from two, related bisexual species,P. mexicana andP. latipinna. Although the bivalent nature of these chromosomes could not be resolved with the light microscope, configurations resembling, but not identical to, synaptonemal complexes were identified by electron microscopy.
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