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  • Biochemistry  (35)
  • Molecular Cell Biology  (21)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (56)
  • Elsevier
  • 1980-1984  (56)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: glucagon ; adenylate cyclase ; anaesthetics ; membrane bilayer fluidity ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The cationic local anaesthetics carbocaine and unpercaine were found to increase the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase up to a maximum level; above this maximum level further increases in drug concentration inhibited the enzyme. At concentrations where this activity was stimulated, a fatty acid spin label detected an increase in bilayer fluidity, which, it is suggested, is responsible for the activation of the enzyme. A solubilized enzyme was unaffected by the drugs, a finding consistent with this proposal.These cationic drugs began to inhibit the glucagon-stimulated activity at concentrations where they activated the fluoride-stimulated activity. It is suggested that this is due to their effect on the coupling interaction between the receptor and catalytic unit.The anionic drugs, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and salicylic acid, all inhibited the fluoride-stimulated enzyme. This may be due in part to a direct effect on the protein and in part to the interaction of the drugs with the bilayer. The drugs had small inhibitory effects on the lubrol-solubilized enzyme.The glucagon-stimulated enzyme was initially inhibited by the anionic drugs at low concentrations, then activated, and finally inhibited with increasing drug concentration. The reasons for such changes are complex, but there was no evidence from electron spin resonance studies to suggest that the elevations in activity were due to increases in bilayer fluidity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 14 (1980), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: oxtocin receptors ; diabetes insipidus ; Brattleboro rats ; oxytocin resistance ; glucose oxidation ; uterine contraction ; postreceptor mechanisms ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Brattleboro rats exhibit diabetes insipidus (DI) because of a genetic autosomal recessive defect in the synthesis of vasopressin; oxytocin is synthesized normally. Preliminary work suggests that elevated circulating oxytocin levels may compensate for the absence of vasopressin. To evaluate the consequences of presumed elevations of oxytocin levels, oxytocin binding and tissue responsiveness have been measured in the uterus and epididymal fat cells of homozygous-DI (HoDI) and heterozygous-DI (HeDI) animals and Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans controls. Surprisingly, whereas membranes from HoDI rat uteri exhibited an 85% reduction in oxytocin binding, the biological response (contraction) to oxytocin was indistinguishable from the uteri of HeDI or Sprague-Dawley animals. The uterine response to carbachol was also normal in HoDI rats. In contrast, in adipocytes from HoDI animals, the biological response to oxytocin (glucose oxidation) was abolished, whereas the binding of oxytocin was normal; insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was, however, normal. These results indicate that receptor binding, while critical to hormone action, is not the sole determining factor. With oxytocin action, postreceptor mechanisms are most important in determining oxytocin responsiveness.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: PDGF ; somatomedin ; SV40 ; cell cycle ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which is found in serum but not in plasma, has been purified to homogeneity; it stimulates replication at a concentration of 10-10M. Brief treatment with PDGF causes densityinhibited Balb/c-3T3 cells to become competent to synthesize DNA; pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or precipitates of calcium phosphate also induce competence. Continuous treatment with plasma allows competent, but not incompetent, cells to synthesize DNA. A critical component of plasma is somatomedin, a group of hormones with insulin-like activity; multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) or insulin replace plasma somatomedin in promoting DNA synthesis.We have studied the molecular correlates of competence and the role of SV40 gene A products in regulating DNA synthesis. Treatment of quiescent cells with pure PDGF or FGF causes the preferential synthesis of five cytoplasmic proteins (approximate molecular weight 29,000, 35,000, 45,000, 60,000, and 72,000 detected by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions). Two of these competence-associated proteins (29,000 and 35,000 daltons) are found within 40 min of PDGF addition; they are not induced by plasma, insulin, or epidermal growth factor (EGF), PDGF, FGF, or calcium phosphate induce an ultrastructure change within the centriole of 3T3 cells; this ultrastructural modification of the centriole is detectable by immunofluorescence within 2 h of PDGF treatment. Plasma, EGF, or MSA do not modify the centriole. SV40 induces replicative DNA synthesis in growth-arrested 3T3 cells but does not cause this alteration in centriole structure.Gene A variants of SV40, including a mutant with temperature-sensitive (ts) T-antigen (ts A209), a deletion in t-antigen (dl 884), and several ts A209 strains containing t-antigen deletions were used to induce DNA synthesis in Balb/c-3T3 cells. Like wild type SV40, all strains induced DNA synthesis equally well under permissive or nonpermissive conditions. Addition of PDGF or plasma had little effect on SV40-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, the viral function that induces replicative DNA synthesis in Balb/c-3T3 cells is not t and is not temperature sensitive. This SV40 gene function overrides the cellular requirement for hormonal growth factors. It does not induce transient centriole deciliation, a hormonally regulated event.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 241-247 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Previous investigators have shown that statistical mechanical averages for configuration-dependent physical properties of long unperturbed polyoxyethylene chains are sensitive to the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about C—C bonds. Agreement between theory and experiment could be obtained only by significant adjustment of this energy away from values predicted by semiempirical conformational energy computations. The present work examines the success of MM2 in evaluating conformational properties of long unperturbed polyoxyethylene chains. Calculations are performed which identify the rotational isomers, and their energies, for the indicated bonds in CH3OCH2CH2O—CH2—CH2—OCH2CH2OCH3. These energies are used to assign statistical weights utilized in the configuration partition function for a rotational isomeric state chain with symmetric threefold interdependent rotations. The customary generator matrix scheme is employed to evaluate the mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distance, mean-square unperturbed dipole moment, and their temperature coefficients. Contrary to computational schemes employed previously, MM2 is found to provide an estimate of the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about C—C which is in harmony with the known dimensions and dipole moments of the unperturbed polymer. MM2 also provides good estimates for most of the other parameters required in the rotational isomeric state treatment. A notable exception is provided by the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about the C—O bond. This energy difference is overestimated by MM2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 272-279 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Various algorithms for evaluating nonbonded interactions in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of macromolecular systems are considered, and a combination of two techniques using a space grid for finding neighbor atoms is proposed. The application of grid search techniques to nonrectangular periodic systems is discussed. Finally, the computing time required by different algorithms is compared on a Cray-1 vector processing computer as well as on a CDC Cyber 170/760 sequential computer. Neighbor list techniques turn out to be faster than the grid search techniques for the systems considered here. However, storage requirements may exclude the use of neighbor list techniques for large systems. Finally, MD of complex macromolecular systems turned out to be about 4-14 times faster on a Cray-1 than on a Cyber 170/760.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: In order to provide additional data for the relative lengths of methyl-C—H bond distances in acetyl derivatives, which are difficult to determine accurately by the conventional tools of structural chemistry, the geometries of CH3COH, CH3COF, CH3COCH3, CH3COOH, and CH3CONH2 were determined by ab initio SCF gradient optimization at the 5-31G** level and compared with previous 4-21G results. For acetaldehyde 6-311G4* calculations were also performed and the correlated methyl-C—H stretching potential energy functions were determined. It is found that the calculated differences between the in-plane and out-of-plane methyl-C—H bonds are practically independent of the computational scheme. The calculated results are in contrast to relative bond lengths obtained by some vibrational overtone spectroscopic studies, but are in perfect agreement with C—H bond length differences determined from isolated C—H stretching frequencies of partially deuterated compounds. The reliability of the latter, and other spectroscopic data concerning the assignment of the methyl-C—H vibrations are critically analyzed. On the basis of the available evidence we conclude: (1) the methyl groups of the CH3C(=O)X systems here discussed contain one strong (in-plane) and two weak (out-of-plane) C—H bonds; (2) intensities of C—H local mode spectra do not provide a reliable basis for assignment to individual bonds.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 3 (1982), S. 95-111 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Linear mechanisms of catalytic and noncatalytic chemical reactions which are theoretically feasible have been classified and coded using a detailed procedure for the unique numbering of cycles, edges, and vertices in the kinetic graphs. The following classification criteria are used in a hierarchical order: number of cycles and vertices, mutual connectivity of the cycles, manner of linking any pair of cycles, number of elements linking two cycles, mutual position of two cycles joined to a third one, orientation of edges, and presence of pendant vertices. All the types and classes of mechanisms are presented for reactions having up to five and four routes, respectively.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 640-649 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The core potentials for atoms of atomic numer 1-18 fitted to ion spectra by Chang, Habitz, Pittel, and Schwarz have been extended to the molecular case in a Gaussian lobe basis by using a six-Gaussian (6G-POT) representation for the exponential factors of the atomic core potentials. In a (9s/5p/1d) basis the 6G-POT one-electron energies, dipole moments, and Mulliken charges are improved over a one-Gaussian potential form for HF, NH3, and H2O; BeO also yields good agreement within 2.6% of the experimental bond length. For HCl, the core potential shows larger errors in the dipole moment (7%) and one-electron eigenvalues (2%), but a 75% saving in computer time is realized for HCl compared with only about 35% for first-row systems using the 6G-POT core potentials. Analytical expressions are given to extend the 6G-POT method up to s, p, d, f, and g valence shells.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium ; methylation ; chemotaxis ; flagellar synthesis ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A specific in vitro assay was developed for the protein carboxyl methyltransferase that is involved in the chemotactic behaviour of Salmonella typhimurium. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl esterification of glutamyl residues on a class of 60,000-dalton inner-membrane proteins. The activity was found to display a pH optimum of 6.5 and be sensitive to the concentration of salts in the assay medium. No detectable activity was found towards a variety of other proteins which serve as substrates for mammalian and other bacterial carboxyl methyltransferases. This assay was used to quantitate the methylation of the 60,000-dalton methyl-accepting proteins in response to chemoeffectors. Small but reproducible concentration-dependent changes in the initial rates of in vitro methylation were observed with chemotactic attractants and repellents. The specific methyltransferase activity was found to be absent in several mutants in flagellar synthesis (fla-), suggesting that the synthesis of this enzyme is coordinately regulated with that of flagellin and basal bodies. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme in crude extracts were determined by gel filtration and sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation, and a native molecular weight of 41,000 was calculated from these data.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 411-419 
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: turkey erythrocyte ; β-adrenergic receptor ; GTPase ; adenylate cyclase ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have recently described the affinity chromatography purification of the turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic receptor. The minute amounts obtained initially precluded extensive biochemical characterization. To improve the yield of the receptor, the erythrocyte membranes have been prepared by a new method. This procedure resulted in a 10-fold higher receptor density in comparison with the membrane preparation used previously. The new membranes also contained a catecholamine-sensitive guanine triphosphatase and an adenylate cyclase sensitive to Gpp(NH)p and l-epinephrine. Solubilization by a double digitonin extraction resulted in a preparation containing 4-6 pmoles of 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding sites per mg of membrane protein.A single step of affinity chromatography on alprenolol-sepharose of the soluble digitonin extract resulted in an additional 1,000-fold purification of the receptor. The overall purification factor was 20,000 relative to the binding activity of the crude membrane preparations.Electrophoresis in SDS-polacrylamide of iodinated purified β-receptors revealed, after autoradiography, the presence of four major components. Three of these, corresponding to molecular weights of 170,000, 33,000, and 30,000, respectively, were not affected by reduction with β-mercaptoethanol and were not observed when the digitonin extracts were loaded on the affinity gel in the presence of an excess of l-propranolol. A fourth 52,000-dalton component (60,000 daltons after reduction with β-mercaptoethanol) remained apparent even when affinity purification was prevented by addition of l-propranolol.Our results suggest that the β-adrenergic receptor is composed of at least three subunits that interact by noncovalent bonds.
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