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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 1 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The structure, microstructure and petrology of a small area close to the village of Bard in Val d'Aosta (Italy) has been studied in detail. The area lies across the contact between the Gneiss Minuti (GM) and the Eclogitic Micaschist (EMS) Complexes of the Lower element of the Sesia portion of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps). Both complexes have undergone high-pressure metamorphism, but the metamorphic assemblages indicate a sudden increase in pressure in going across the contact from the GM to the EMS. Therefore, we interpret the contact as a thrust dividing the lower element of the Sesia into two sub-elements. This interpretation is supported by structural evidence.The early Alpine (90-70 Ma) metamorphic history is best preserved in the EMS and is one of increasing pressure associated with thrusting. The maximum P/T recorded in the EMS is 〉1500 MPa (〉15kbar) and 550°C and in the GM is 〈 1500-1300 MPa (〈 15-13 kbar) and 500-550°C. We suggest that the rocks were probably in an active Benioff zone during this time.From then on the histories of the GM and EMS are the same. Deformation continued and the thrust and thrust slices were folded during decreasing pressure. We interpret the first postthrusting deformation in terms of uplift associated with continued shortening of the crust and underplating after the Benioff zone had become inactive and a new Benioff zone had developed further to the north-west.A still later deformation and the Lepontine metamorphism (38 Ma) are related to continued uplift. Much of this deformation is characterized by structures indicative of vertical shortening and lateral spreading as the mountains rose above the general level of the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 10 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. A simple 4π light collector is described suitable for light attenuation studies. It uses table tennis balls as light collectors and its spherical response is near to ideal. A circuit for a simple meter based on an operational amplifier is given as well as that for a direct-reading log-ratio meter. Both circuits are intended for use with selenium photocells. The cost of the materials for detector and simple meter is less than £30.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of NIR spectroscopy for the prediction of amino acid compositions in wheat and barley has been demonstrated. Using 2nd derivative mathematical treatments of log I/R data of ground wheat samples obtained on the Beltsville Universal Computerized Spectrophotometer, the concentration of lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine could be predicted with accuracies acceptable for screening purposes. With barley samples low standard errors of prediction (high accuracy) were obtained for I3 amino acids using a research NIR and a commercial bench-type instrument. For both of these instruments, use of 1st derivative mathematical treatments of spectral data gave the best accuracy. Results indicated that NIR techniques may be very useful in plant breeding programs and in the food and feed industry for the rapid and accurate analysis of amino acids.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An electrochemical version of a thin film contactor, based on a vertical rotating disc electrode, is described and applied to a two-phase electrolysis, aromatic substitution using phase transfer catalysis to supply the nucleophile. A simple model is used to develop a theoretical description of the cell and the resulting equations have been tested using the acetoxylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene as the anode reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 67 (1980), S. 469-476 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Infrared observations inJ, H andK of the RS CVn-type binary HR 1099 (V711 Tau) show apparent light variations similar to those in the visible. The phase shift towards increasing phase is confirmed. There is no conspicuous infrared excess attributable to circumstellar emission. The amplitudes of the infrared variation are compatible with the spot model proposed for RS CVn and enable plausible limits on a characteristic spot temperature and effective spot area to the set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 589-604 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A spectacular example of transposition, in the sense ofSander (1911), is described from a large (2–3 km2) area of continuous outcrop in northern Norway. Three generations of folds transpose an earlier layering into its persent orientation. It is shown that the volume problems associated with isoclinal folding are largely accommodated by disharmony of the folds. The large scale structure is considered and its relationship to regional structure is discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit un exemple spectaculaire de la transposition, telle que définie parSander (1911), à partir d'un affleurement continu sur une grande superficie (2–3 km2) en Norvège septentrionale. Trois générations de plis transposent les couches originelles dans leur orientation actuelle. On démontre que les questions de volume liées au plissement isoclinal s'expliquent en grande partie par la disharmonie des plis. On étudie la structure à grande échelle et on décrit sa relation avec la structure régionale.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein spektakuläres Beispiel von Umfaltung (im SinneSanders, 1911) aus einem durchgehend aufgeschlossenem Gebiet ins nördliche Norwegen beschrieben. Eine ältere Schichtung wird durch drei Faltungsphasen in ihre heutige Position versetzt. Das mit der Isoklinalfaltung verbundene Raumproblem läßt sich zum großen Teil durch disharmonische Faltung erklären. Die Großstruktur und ihre Beziehungen zum regionalen Rahmen werden diskutiert.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride ; Gibberellins ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Soya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) or the growth retardant β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on root nodule formation and activity (C2H2-reduction) in soya was studied. Daily foliar application of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) delayed the formation of nodule initials and reduced the numbers mass nodule−1 and specific activity of nodules by 43%, 31% and 47% respectively, without affecting plant growth. Similar effects on nodulation were produced by foliar application of GA4 (3.01×10−5 M) or GA7 (3.03×10−5 M), or by the addition of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) to the rooting medium. GA effectiveness in reducing nodule numbers was decreased by delaying its application until after the initial infection process had occurred, but the nodules formed were smaller and less active than those of the untreated control plants. The GA effect on nodulation and nodule activity was not associated with alterations in root exudate or due to a direct inhibitory effect of the hormone on the nitrogenase system. When the endogenous root content of GA-like substances was reduced (86% decrease) by foliar application of CCC (6.30×10−5 M), nodule numbers were increased by 56%, but nodule size and total nodule activity were similar to those of control plants. The GA and CCC treatments had no effect on rhizobial growth in liquid culture nor on root colonisation by rhizobia. The results suggest that the endogenous content of root GA may have a regulatory role in both the infection process and in subsequent nodule morphogenesis, thus controlling both the number and effectiveness of the root nodules formed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 19-26 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Roots ; Root nodules ; Soya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The content of endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances of roots and root nodules of SOya, and GA production byRhizobium japonicum cultures, were investigated by a combined thin layer chromatographic (TLC)-dwarf pea epicotyl bioassay technique. GAs were more concentrated in root nodules than in the roots, totalling 1.34 and 0.16 nM GA3 equivalents g−1 dry wt. respectively. GA production byR. japonicum cultures was demonstrated (1.00 nM GA3 equivalentsl −1) and comparison of the GA components of plant and bacterial culture medium extracts, suggested that rhizobial GA production may contribute to the nodule GA content. Cis-trans abscisic acid (ABA) was identified in root and nodule extracts by TLC-gas liquid chromatography (GLC), and amounted to 0.18 and 2.21 nM g−1 dry wt. respectively, whereas 0.30 and 4.63 nM ABA equivalents g−1 dry wt. were detected by a TLC-wheat embryo bioassay technique. ABA was not detected in extracts of bacterial cultures.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Competition ; Cowpea ; Ineffective ; Mutagenesis ; Mutants ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium ; Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A strain of cowpea Rhizobium was mutagenised and two ineffective mutants, M1 and M2, and an effective mutant, M3, were isolated. M1 produced more, but smaller nodules than the wild-type; these nodules lacked leghaemoglobin. M2 and the parental strain had similar nodulation characteristics, both forming large pink nodules. Plants inoculated with M3, nodulated earlier, produced more nodules (58%), had increased dry weights (26%) and the excised roots expressed greater acetylene (C2H2) reducing activity (39%) than plants inoculated with the wild-type. When competing with an indigenous population of effective rhizobia for nodule sites, M3 produced a higher proportion of the nodules (70–80%) than the parental strain (40–53%). M3 and the parental strain exhibited comparable rates of asymbiotic C2H2 reduction when grown on a defined medium, whereas M1 and M2 were inactive. The symbiotic properties of the mutants were unchanged after their reisolation following plant passage.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Polyethylene glycol ; Rhizobium ; Roots ; Nitrogenase ; Nodulation ; Soya ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of 2-day cycles of osmotically induced leaf moisture stress followed by partial recovery on the nodulation and nitrogenase activity of 2 soya cultivars was studied. Fourteen days after plant inoculation (mid-growth stage) the total leaf electrochemical water potential (ψwleaf) of control plants ranged from −0.8 to −1.9 bars, whereas the concentrations of osmoticum (polyethylene glycol 4000) induced ψwleaf values ranging from −1.4 (recovery value) to −3.1 bars (low stress), −1.8 to −4.4 bars (mild stress), and −2.2 to −6.2 bars (medium stress). The low stress treatment reduced nodule numbers and their specific activity in both cultivars, without affecting nodule size or the time required for nodule initiation. Nodule initiation was delayed in both cultivars by the mild and medium stress treatments, the former treatment reducing the number and size of the nodules and such nodules exhibited very low specific activity. The medium stress treatment prevented the further development of nodule initials, which remained inactive throughout the experiment. Such results imply an effect of water stress on the infection process and on nodule morphogenesis. The reduction in nodule numbers observed in water stressed plants was not associated with a reduced number of rhizobia in the rhizoplane nor due to an effect on root growth or root hair formation. At a stage prior to the formation of macroscopic nodule initials, the roots of plants under medium stress (ψwleaf=−5.5 bar)s) had a higher content of abscisic acid (ABA) (4-fold increase) and a lower content of gibberellin (GA)-like substances (21.4% reduction) as compared to control plants (ψwleaf=−1.0 bar). Although the medium stress treatment slightly increased the stomatal resistance of leaves, photosynthetic and transpiration rates were unaffected. Similar alterations of the hormononal balance occurred in the nodulated roots of plants subjected to naturally induced leaf moisture stress. Since the foliar application of ABA (1.92×10−5 M) to unstressed plants inhibited nodulation (45% reduction in nodule numbers), the increased endogenous content of thishormone in the roots of plants under leaf moisture stress may provide some physiological insight into the inhibitory effect of water stress on the nodulation process.
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