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  • Organic Chemistry  (18)
  • General Chemistry  (10)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • 78.55.-m  (2)
  • 68.55.+b  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (33)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 97-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.65.-s ; 71.70.-d ; 68.55.+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements on nominally undoped AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs quantum well heterostructures (QWHs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) exemplified the exclusivelyintrinsic free-exciton nature of the luminescence under moderate excitation conditions. Neither any spectroscopic evidence for alloy clustering in the AlxGa1−xAs barriers nor any extrinsic luminescence due to recombination with residual acceptors has been detected in single and double QWHs when grown at 670 °C under optimized MBE growth conditions. Carrier confinement in AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs QWHs starts at a well width ofL z≌30 nm when x≌0.25. The minor average well thickness fluctuation ofΔL z=4×10−2nm as determined from the excitonic halfwidth allowed the realization of well widths as low asL z=1 nm and thus a shift of the free-exciton line as high as 2.01 eV which is close to the conduction band edge of the employed Al0.43Ga0.57As confinement layer. The measurements further revealed a strongly enhanced luminescence efficiency of the quantum wells as compared to bulk material which is caused by the modified exciton transition probabilities due to carrier localization.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55.+ b ; 71.55.-i ; 72.20.-i ; 78.55.-m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hall effect, DLTS and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements were used to study the effect of dimeric (As2) vs tetrameric (As4) vapour species on the electrical and optical properties of nominally undoped and of Ge-doped GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The arsenic molecular beam was generated from separate As2 and As4 sources, respectively, and from a single source providing an adjustable As2/As4 flux ratio. The occurence of the previously described defect related bound exciton lines in the luminescence spectra at 1.504–1.511 eV was found to be directly correlated with the presence of three deep states (M1, M3, M4) which are characteristic of MBE grown GaAs. The intensity of the extra luminescence lines and simultaneously the concentration of the deep electron traps can be reduced substantially simply by decreasing the As4/As2 flux ratio. The incorporation of defect related centers as well as of amphoteric dopants like Ge strongly depends on the surface chemistry involved. Therefore, a considerably lower autocompensation ratio in Ge-dopedn-GaAs is obtained with As2 molecular beam species which provide a higher steady-state arsenic surface population.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.15.-z ; 78.55.-m ; 78.20.-e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nominally undoped AlxGa1−xAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy from As4 species at elevated substrate temperatures of 670°C exhibits well-resolved excitonic fine structure in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, if the effective As-to-(Al+Ga) flux ratio on the growth surface is kept within a rather narrow range of clearly As-stabilized conditions. In contrast to previous results on AlxGa1−xAs of composition 0.15〈x〈0.25, the prominent carbon-related recombination at ∼23 meV below the bound exciton line was foundnot to shift in energy by changing the excitation intensity. This implies a simple freeelectron carbon-acceptor recombination mechanism for the line without any participation of a donor. In AlxGa1−xAs of composition close to the direct-to-indirect cross-over point, two distinct LO-phonons separated by 34 and 48 meV from the (D 0,C 0) peak position at x=0.43 were observed which were before only detectable by Raman scattering experiments. The intensity of the carbon-impurity related luminescence lines in bulk-type AlxGa1−xAs and GaAs layers was found to be strongly reduced, as compared to the excitonic recombination lines, if the respective active layer was covered by a very thin confinement layer of either GaAs on top of AlxGa1−xAs or vice versa grown in the same growth cycle.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 66 (1983), S. 1915-1921 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first total synthesis of racemic neplanocin A (1)After submitting our paper we learned that Arita et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc.105, 4049(1983)] synthesized the natural enantioner of Neplanocin A. from cyclopentadiene and acylnitroso-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is described. The synthesis is suitable for specific isotopic labelling of the hydroxymethyl group of neplanocin A.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irradiation of (RS,SR)-3-Phenyl-6-hepten-2-ol (3n) gave the photoproducts 6n-10n. Some reactions of 6n and 8n are reported. The regio- and diastereoselectivity observed in the photoreaction of substituted 5-phenylpentenes is discussed with respect to conformational preferences of the compounds to be irradiated.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1535-1539 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On acetone-sensitized irradiation the title compounds 3a-c are converted to 2-allyl-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates 4 in reasonable yields.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 32 (1919), S. W421 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1980 (1980), S. 715-724 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of α-(tert-Butyloxycarbonylamino)isobutyric AcidN-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methylalanine crystallizes from ethyl acetate/light petroleum in monoclinic crystals of the space group P21/c, with a = 1085; b = 1099; c = 1172 pm, β = 122.0° and Z = 4. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between urethane carbonyl and carboxy groups is observed between two antiparallel molecules in the form of 14-membered rings. These rings are somewhat inclined to each other in the (010) plane, and they are linked again by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the 2-methylalanine-CO and -NH groups in the [010] direction. The resulting layers are held together only via hydrophobia interaction between opposite tert-butyl groups.
    Notes: N-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methylalanin kristallisiert aus Essigester/Petrolether in monoklinen Kristallen der Raumgruppe P21/c, mit a = 1085; b = 1099; c = 1172 pm, β = 122.0° und Z = 4. Je zwei antiparallel angeordnete Moleküle bilden intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen der Urethancarbonyl- und der Carboxygruppe in Form von 14gliedrigen Ringen. Diese wechselseitig etwas gegeneinander geneigten, ungefähr in der Ebene (010) liegenden Ringe sind in Richtung [010] wiederum über intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen den 2-Methylalanin-CO- und -NH-Gruppen vernetzt. Die dadurch resultierenden Schichten werden untereinander durch hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen der sich jeweils gegenüberstehenden tert-Butylgruppen zusammengehalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of the Insulin Segment B 13-20 with the Liquid-Phase Method and Control of the Synthesis by 13C NMR Spectroscopy of the Support-bound PeptidesThe protected partial sequence B 13-20 of the insulin B chain has been synthesized stepwise according to the liquid-phase method: Boc-Glu(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Tyr(Bzl)-Leu-Val-Cys(Bzl)-Gly-OPOE (8) [POE = polyoxyethylene]. The partially protected octapeptide Boc-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr(Bzl)-Leu-Val-Cys(Bzl)-Gly-OH (9) was split off from the solubilizing polymeric support by alkaline saponification. Each synthetic step was controlled by 13C NMR spectroscopy of the polyoxyethylene-bound peptides 1-8. The 13C NMR spectra (20.63 MHz) of all polymer-bound intermediates 1-8 and of the cleaved octapeptide 9 were in agreement with the expected signal positions of the amino acid residues. However, the 100.62-MHz 13C NMR spectrum of the polymer-bound octapeptide 8 revealed a benzyl rearrangement at the tyrosine ring. Beginning with the hexapeptide 6 the onset of an α-helical secondary structure was found by circular dichroism measurements. This conformation also reflects in the 13C NMR spectra by typical shifts of the CO, Cα and side-chain signals.
    Notes: Die geschützte Partialsequenz B 13-20 der Insulin-B-Kette wurde schrittweise mit Hilfe der Liquid-Phase-Methode aufgebaut: Boc-Glu(Bzl)-Ala-Leu-Tyr(Bzl)-Leu-Val-Cys(Bzl)-Gly-OPOE (8) [POE = Polyoxyethylen]. Das partiell geschützte Octapeptid Boc-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr(Bzl)-Leu-Val-Cys(Bzl)-Gly-OH (9) wurde durch alkalische Verseifung vom solubilisierenden Polymerträger abgespalten. Jede Synthesestufe wurde durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie der polyoxyethylengebundenen Peptide 1-8 kontrolliert. Die 13C-NMR-Spektren (20.63 MHz) aller polymergebundenen Zwischenprodukte 1-8 und vom abgespaltenen Octapeptid 9 zeigten übereinstimmung mit den erwarteten Signallagen der Aminosäurebausteine. Im 100.62-MHz-13C-NMR-Spektrum des polymergebundenen Octapeptids 8 wurde jedoch eine Benzylumlagerung am Tyrosinring entdeckt. Ab dem Hexapeptid 6 ergeben sich anhand von Circulardichroismus-Messungen eindeutige Hinweise auf die Ausbildung einer α-helikalen Sekundärstruktur. Diese Konformation spiegelt sich auch in den 13C-NMR-Spektren durch typische Verschiebungen der CO-, Cα- und Seitenketten-Signale wider.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese von L-Prolyl-leucyl-α-aminoisobutyryl-α-aminoisobutyryl-glutamyl-valinol und Identitätsbeweis mit dem isolierten C-terminalen Fragment von Trichotoxin A-40Die beiden hexapeptide L-Prolyl-L-leucyl-α-aminoisobutyryl-α-aminoisobutyryl-L-glutamyl-[oder L-glutaminyl-]L-valinol (7 and 8) wurden mittels Fragmentkondensation aus Z-L-Pro-Leu-Aib-Aib-OH (5a) und L-Glu(But)- Vol (9b) bzw. L-Gln-Vol (10) synthetisiert. Das synthetische Segment 7 erwies sich mit folgenden Methoden als identisch mit einem C-terminalen Fragment aus selektiv gespaltenem Trichotoxin A-40: Dünnschichtchromatographie, Aminosäurenanalyse, GC an chiraler Phase, Felddesorptionsmassenspektrometrie, 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und Circulardichroismus. Die α-Verknüpfung des C-terminalen Aminoalkohols konnte durch selektive Trifluoracetolyse des natürlichen Pro-Leu-Aib-Aib[Iva]-Glu-Vol (7a and 7b) und des synthetischen Pro-Leu-Aib-Aib-Glu-Vol (7) sowie Vergleich mit synthetischem Glu-Vol (9), Gln-Vol (10), Glu(Vol) (11) und Glu(Vol)-NH2 (12) gezeigt werden. Ferner gelang es, die Kinetik der Valinol-Abspaltung durch wäßriges 6 N HCI/Dioxan anhand von Aminosäurenanalysen für das natürliche und synthetische Hexapeptid (7) aufzunehmen. Einschließlich des Aminosäureaustausches aufgrund der biosynthetischen Mikroheterogenität lautet somit die Primärstruktur von Trichotoxin A-40: Ac-Aib-Gly[L-Ala]-Aib-L-Leu-Aib-L-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-[L-Ala]-L-Ala-Aib-Aib-L-Pro-L-Leu-Aib-D-Iva[Aib]-L-Glu-L-Vol (1).
    Notes: The two hexapeptides L-prolyl-L-leucyl-α-aminoisobutyryl-α-aminoisobutyryl-L-glutamyl-[or L-glutaminyl-, respectively]L-valinol (7 and 8) were synthesized via fragment condensation of Z-L-Pro-L-Leu-Aib-Aib-OH (5a) with L-Glu(But)-Vol (9b) [or L-Gln-Vol (10), respectively]. The synthetic segment 7 was found to be identical with a C-terminal fragment isolated from selectively cleaved trichotoxin A-40 using thin layer chromatography, amino acid analysis, chiral phase gas chromatography, field desorption mass spectrometry, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The α-linkage of the C-terminal amino alcohol was shown via selective trifluoroacetolyses of natural Pro-Leu-Aib-Aib[Iva]-Glu-Vol (7a and 7b) and synthetic Pro-Leu-Aib-Aib-Glu-Vol (7) and comparison with synthetic Glu-Vol (9), Gln-Vol (10), Glu(Vol) (11), and Glu(Vol)-NH2 (12). Furthermore, the kinetics of the cleavage of valinol from both natural and synthetic hexapeptide (7) using 6 N HCI/dioxane was determined by quantitative amino acid analysis. Therefore, including amino acid exchanges due to biosynthetic microheterogeneity, the primary structure of trichotoxin A-40 is Ac-Aib-Gly[L-Ala]-Aib-L-Leu-Aib-L-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-[L-Ala]-L-Ala-Aib-Aib-L-Pro-L-Leu-Aib-D-Iva[Aib]-L-Glu-L-Vol (1).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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