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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (82)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (66)
  • Canadian Science Publishing  (18)
  • 1980-1984  (161)
  • 1915-1919
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1981-11-01
    Description: It is becoming common for soil surveys to be made of the same area at different intensities and published at different scales. The principles of cartographic generalization are discussed that control the relationships between the map units and delineations on maps made from such surveys. A study of two sets of maps showed that almost no lines were coincident. Up to 20% of the small scale delinations could be ’inliers’ of different soils and about 15% of the large scale delineations would be outside their small scale equivalents. The same discrepancies are to be expected between large scale soil maps and the smaller scale maps of physiography or vegetation that are often used to stratify soils. Reasons for these discrepancies are discussed under the headings of simplification and classification. Recommendations arc made to guide the preparation of maps and legends for different intensities and scales of survey in the same area. These recommendations have practical implications for the planning of surveys and the designs of computer-based autocartography systems.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: The neutral monosaccharides released by the acid hydrolysis of five peat profiles were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography in order to ascertain whether monosaccharide composition can be used to differentiate peats. Glucose, mannose and galactose were the predominant monosaccharides found. Changes observed with depth in the relative abundances of the monosaccharides were not always correlated with the degree of decomposition as measured by fibre content or pyrophosphate index. The arabinose to xylose ratio was a diagnostic chemical feature which reflected the degree of decomposition of the peats.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-03-01
    Description: The map index linkages (from CanSIS cartographic file) of seven soil maps were analyzed to find out how many map delineations represented each map unit and what proportion of the map they covered. Many map units were represented by only one or two delineations. This was more true for uncontrolled than controlled legends (51–85% of map units in uncontrolled legends versus 27–37% of map units in controlled legends). In both types of map the map units that had only one or two delineations covered only a small proportion of the land area. On the other hand, only a small proportion of the map units (between 14 and 31%) was needed to cover 75% of the land area in both types of maps. It proved possible to reduce the number of map units in one map with an uncontrolled legend from 193 to 91. This was done, firstly, by combining map units that represented only very small areas (or were represented by only one delineation) with larger map units that were very similar for the purpose of the survey. Secondly, map units were combined when more than 85% of the soils within them were the same. Controlled legends need not be very long and need not omit significant information.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1981-02-01
    Description: A total of 70 people (30%) replied to a questionnaire about the design and content of soil maps from British Columbia. Most people are using their maps in the office. The most common scale used is between 1:40 000 and 1:80 000 as a result of the general availability of 1:50 000 maps, but maps of a larger scale would be preferred. Thirty-two percent of the respondents usually wanted soil information about a site, whereas 23% wanted pattern information about a large area (46% wanted both). This has an implication on the way the legend should be constructed. Texture, slope and soil water content were the properties ranked of highest importance by respondents regardless of their occupation. There was a slight preference for a complex connotative map symbol as opposed to a simple one. This preference was expressed more by those with experience in using soil maps. Those will less experience preferred a simple symbol. A colored soil map with a topographic base map was what most respondents wanted. Fully 51% of the respondents had some difficulties in getting the information they needed from a soil map. They either found the information inaccurate, they could not understand the legend or the symbol, or they had difficulty locating themselves on the map. These difficulties most often arose from the lack of any statements about mapping procedures and reliability, complicated and non-standard legends and symbols and unfamiliar terminology (usually soil taxonomic names). As a result of these responses, a number of suggestions are offered for the improvement of soil maps.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Surface soil moisture was conserved in a loam to clay loam soil receiving a single shallow cultivation in the early spring, while in an unfilled soil it declined markedly. Tillage effects were less marked at deeper depths. Soil temperatures were found to differ only slightly between tilled and untilled soils.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1980-05-01
    Description: A terrace section in the Peace River Valley of British Columbia contained seven buried paleosols developed in eolian material. Chemical, physical and micromorpholgical data showed the soils to be Chernozemic. The main soil-forming processes have been the leaching and reprecipitation of carbonates, the formation of mull aggregates, the weathering of primary minerals and the weak physical translocation of soil fabric. Five cultural components or levels had been identified in nearby archaeological excavations and these were correlated with the Ah horizons of five of the paleosols. However, none of these Ah horizons contained large amounts of organic P as have been found in cultural layers of other archaeological sections. The cultural components contained tools, flakes, shell beads, bones and projectile points. Radiocarbon dates from charcoal ranged from 5830 ± 80 yr B.P. in the second lowest paleosol to 1530 ± 70 yr B.P. in the second highest paleosol. They showed that most of the eolian material had been deposited on the terrace by about 4500 yr B.P.; that is, by the end of the Hypsithermal. The chronology of soil development and eolian deposition are discussed by applying a previously published system of horizon designations that combines and describes the gradational and pedomorphic features in soils.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-09-01
    Description: Volume, dry weight, density, and kraft pulping data were obtained from control and fertilized, mature balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) from Nova Scotia. Fertilization treatments consisted of 450 kg N/ha; 450 kg N and 112 kg P/ha; and 450 kg N, 112 kg P, and 112 kg K/ha, plus the untreated control. Samples were taken at three height positions in trees: stump, breast height, and mid-stem. Wood laid down for 5 years after treatment was separated from wood laid down for 5 years before treatment, and its density determined before being pulped by the kraft process.Fertilization significantly increased volume and dry weight increment and reversed patterns of growth decline during the response period. Any effect specifically due to phosphorous or potassium fertilization over that of nitrogen could not be detected with certainty. Wood density was reduced by N and NP applications; however, pulp yield was unaffected by the fertilization treatments. The need for tree equivalence prior to treatment is stressed for more precise testing of differences.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Description: Four fumigants (chloropicrin, allyl alcohol, Vapam, and Vorlex), applied to holes in Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb. infested Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stumps, eliminated the fungus from the stumps and most roots. No significant difference in effectiveness was noted among the chemicals. Stump size and condition were probably the factors which most influenced the effectiveness of the treatments. Fumigants merit further study for eliminating P. weirii from stumps and roots of Douglas-fir to reduce losses from this fungus.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Description: The time-domain reflectrometry (TDR) technique had previously been shown to measure the volumetric water content of soil accurately when applied to long-term installations of parallel transmission lines. In this study a hand probe was used with a portable TDR instrument to measure water content of soil down the wall of soils pits to a depth greater than 1 m. In a separate experiment the water content of the surface soil at two sites was measured repeatedly in increasing depth increments of 50 mm to 300 mm. The TDR measured values were compared with values obtained by a gravimetric determination on a sample of soil. The TDR gave values that were calculated at the time of measurement in the field. TDR measured values were as accurate and precise as those from gravimetric samples. Key words: Volumetric water content, soil, time domain reflectometry
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 743-746 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The date of the Crucifixion has been debated for many years, but there has been no agreement on the year nor the day. Astronomical calculations have now been used to reconstruct the Jewish calendar in the first century AD and to date a lunar eclipse that biblical and other references ...
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