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  • Engineering General  (1)
  • aquatic drift  (1)
  • artificial diet  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1935-1939
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphididae ; Myzus persicae ; artificial diet ; preference tests ; secondary plant substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des Myzus persicae de la région de Beijing, conservés sur tabac en serre, ont été élevés sur un régime artificiel voisin de celui de Dadd & Mittler (1966); sinigrine, tomatine, nicotine, gossypol, phlorizine, inuline et acide malique ont été ajoutés séparément aux concentrations de 0,1 et 0,2%. En comparant les préférences, aucun des régimes enrichis en substances secondaires n'était supérieur au régime de base. La prise alimentaire pendant le développement larvaire a été quantifiée en utilisant de la glycine C14 dans le régime. Les èlevages étaient conduits à 25±1 °C et H. R. 85% et une photopériode J/N: 16/8. Le prélèvement total de régime de base pendant le développement larvaire était environ 1,16 μl/puceron. L'addition de substances secondaires végétales au régime induit de façon inégale le prélèvement, dans l'ordre suivant: nicotine〉phlorizine〉gossypol〉tomatine〉acide malique〉inuline〉sinigrine. Les larves consommant sur des régimes contenant de la sinigrine ou de la tomatine à partir du second jour après la naissance semblent prèsenter une plus grande tolèrance pour la sinigrine que la tomatine, avec une mortalité de 9,6% en 7 jours d'élevage pour la première et 89,4% pour la seconde. Ainsi ces pucerons diffèrent de ceux de Hollande, puisque ces derniers tolèrent plus la tomatine (Schoonhoven & Derksen-Koppers, 1976). L'addition d'inuline, d'acide malique ou de sinigrine ne provoque pas de différence significative dans le taux de développement larvaire ou la longévité des adultes. Des régimes contenant ces substances pourraient permettre le développement et la reproduction de pucerons pendant au moins 3 générations.
    Notes: Abstract Green peach aphids Myzus persicae from the Beijing region, maintained on greenhouse tobacco plants, were reared on modified artificial diet; sinigrin, tomatine, nicotine, gossypol, phlorizin, inulin and malic acid were added separately in concentrations of 0.1% or 0.2%. In preference tests none of the diets enriched by secondary substances was more acceptable than the basal diet. Diet uptake during larval development was determined quantitatively by using C14 glycine in the diets. For the basal diet the total uptake during larval development was about 1.16 μl/aphid. The addition of secondary plant substances to the diet caused reductions of uptake to different degrees in the order: nicotine〉phlorizin〉gossypol〉tomatine〉malic acid〉inulin〉sinigrin. The larvae feeding on diets containing sinigrin or tomatine from the second day after birth seemed to have a much higher tolerance for sinigrin than tomatine, with a mortality of 9.6% within 7 days of rearing for the former and 89.4% for the latter. Hence this aphid differs from that occurring in the Netherlands in that the latter has a higher tolerance towards tomatine. The addition of inulin, malic acid or sinigrin did not cause a significant difference in the rate of larval development or in adult longevity. Diets containing these substances could support the aphid's development and reproduction for at least three generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 107 (1983), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic drift ; black flies ; sibling species ; periodicity ; running water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larval (5th-final instar) drift patterns of five species of black flies (Prosimulium mixtum, Stegopterna mutata, Simulium tuberosum FG, S. vittatum IIIL-1, and S. vittatum IS-7) were analyzed. The diel drift patterns were not species-specific, but consistently exhibited a marked increase after sunset, preceded by a period of minimal drift. The drift minimum generally occurred during or shortly after the period of maximum water temperature. Larvae showed significantly more nocturnal than diurnal drift. Pupal drift was attributed to accidental detachment from the substrate. Adult drift was over 90% diurnal and usually composed primarily of teneral individuals. Upstream larval movements of the S. vittatum and S. tuberosum complexes were each less than 6.5% of the total upstream and downstream larval movements. The proportion of parasitized larvae of the S. vittatum and S. tuberosum complexes was generally higher in the benthos than in the drift. Based in part on data included in a thesis submitted by the senior author to The Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. degree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 5 (1981), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper models are given for analysis and description of non-linear properties of joints, weak intercalations and interfaces in rock masses.Models for analysis consist of four parts, i.e. shear displacement model, normal deformation model, shear strength model and a relationship between unit shear stiffness and normal stress.The method of non-linear analysis given in this paper is based on an incremental procedure.The proposed method is available for different types of shear-displacement curves, and also adapted to the complicated process of loading-unloading-reloading.The results of computer simulation of an in-situ shear test obtained by this method gave a good fit to the measured data.The method of non-linear analysis of joint elements has been used in some practical rock engineering problems, and some interesting results and conclusions have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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