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  • Articles  (191)
  • Springer  (191)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (191)
  • 1945-1949
  • Computer Science  (191)
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  • Articles  (191)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 42 (1982), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The term biological motion has been coined by Johansson (1973) to refer to the ambulatory patterns of terrestrial bipeds and quadripeds. In this paper a computational theory of the visual perception of biological motion is proposed. The specific problem addressed is how the three dimensional structure and motions of animal limbs may be computed from the two dimensional motions of their projected images. It is noted that the limbs of animals typically do not move arbitrarily during ambulation. Rather, for anatomical reasons, they typically move in single planes for extended periods of time. This simple anatomical constraint is exploited as the basis for utilizing a “planarity assumption” in the interpretation of biological motion. The analysis proposed is: (1) divide the image into groups of two or three elements each; (2) test each group for pairwise-rigid planar motion; (3) combine the results from (2). Fundamental to the analysis are two “structure from planar motion” propositions. The first states that the structure and motion of two points rigidly linked and rotating in a plane is recoverable from three orthographic projections. The second states that the structure and motion of three points forming two highed rods constrained to move in a plane is recoverable from two orthographic projections. The psychological relevance of the analysis and possible interactions with top down recognition processes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The single oscillator feedback model describing the circadian system of the nocturnal insect, Hemideina thoracica, (Gander and Lewis, 1979) has been developed and refined by restricting the range of parameter values which successfully simulate the known behaviour of this insect's circadian system. The model accounts for Aschoffs Law for nocturnal animals, and makes new predictions on the combined effects of temperature and constant light on the period of the free-running rhythm, which were verified experimentally. These simulations also indicate that the same general feedback model can be used to describe the circadian systems of other organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A control systems model consisting of a population of weakly-coupled feedback oscillators has been developed to simulate the circadian locomotor rhythm of the insect, Hemideina thoracica (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae). The model is an extension of a previously published single oscillator feedback model (Gander and Lewis, 1979) which successfully simulates entrainment, phase response curves, temperature compensation and Aschoff's Rule for Hemideina activity rhythms. The population model described here has the additional properties of predicting some of the free-run period lability (Pavlidis, 1978a, b) observed in the Hemideina rhythm (Christensen and Lewis, 1982) which is unexplained by single oscillator systems. Model behaviour is compared with the experimental data derived from the insect activity rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 10 (1981), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Markov DTOL systems ; cut-point ; stochastic grammars ; probabilistic grammars ; language family ; collection of language families ; dense hierarchy ; accumulation point
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Letp satisfy 0 ⩽p 〈 1, then by ℳ(p) we denote the family of Markov DTOL languages with cut pointp. In this paper we present a complete classification of the collection ℳ of such families ℳ(p), 0 ⩽p 〈 1, showing that ℳ forms an infinite nondense hierarchy with ℳ(0) being its only accumulation point from below. Furthermore it is proved that each language in ℳ(p) can be expressed as a finite union of DDTOL languages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta informatica 19 (1983), S. 339-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summary The M/G/1 and G/M/1 queueing models are of great interest in the performance analysis of computer systems. For both models, the equilibrium solution for the number of jobs in the system varies with the probability distribution function representing the general (G-type) distribution. Even in the presence of empirical data, the characterisation of this function involves a degree of arbitrariness that may cause some variation in the performance metrics. In this paper maximum entropy formalism is used to analyse the M/G/1- and G/M/1-queueing systems at equilibrium. A unique product form solution for the number of jobs in the M/G/1 system is derived and the corresponding service time distribution is determined. This solution is also presented as a limit of a sequence of maximum entropy solutions to two-stage M/G/1 systems. Furthermore, the maximum entropy solution to the G/M/1 queueing system is established and favourable comparisons with the method of stages and the diffusion approximation are made. It is also shown that the maximum entropy M/G/1- and G/M/1-systems satisfy local balance. Comments on the results so far obtained and their implications to the analysis of general queueing systems are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cybernetics and systems analysis 17 (1981), S. 172-176 
    ISSN: 1573-8337
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cybernetics and systems analysis 19 (1983), S. 783-790 
    ISSN: 1573-8337
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 26 (1981), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gegeben sei ein Pseudo-Zufallszahlen-Generator, der gleichverteilte StichprobenU aus dem Intervall (0, 1) liefert, und eine statistische Verteilung, beschrieben durch ihre VerteilungsfunktionF(x). Dann erzeugt die InversionsmethodeX←F −1(U) Stichproben vonF(x). Ein Verfahren wird entwickelt, das “Guide”-Tafeln erstellt, mit dem Ziel, diese Inversion zu ermöglichen, so daß das Verfahren für beliebigeF(x) effizient wird. Für diskrete Verteilungen sind diese Tafeln klein und leicht zu erstellen, und der entstehende Stichproben-Algorithmus kann mit bekannten allgemeinen Verfahren gut konkurrieren. Stetige Verteilungen erfordern längere Vorbereitungszeiten und mehr Speicherplatz für die Tafeln. Diese werden mit Hilfe gegebener Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichtenf(x) vorbereitet. Die Methode ist anwendbar auf “vernünftige”f(x), einschließlich der normalerweise in der Statistik vorkommenden Fälle. Aufgrund der angeführten Rechenerfahrung mit Poisson-, Normal-, Gamma- und Cauchy-Verteilungen zeigt sich, daß unser allgemeines Verfahren fast so schnell ist, wie die besten bekannten Methoden, die speziell auf diese Verteilungen zugeschnitten wurden.
    Notes: Abstract Given a basic pseudo-random number generator which returns uniformly distributed samplesU from the interval (0, 1) and a statistical distribution as defined by its distribution functionF(x). Then the inversion methodX←F −1 (U) produces samples fromF(x). A procedure is developed which prepares “guide tables” in order to facilitate this inversion so that sampling becomes efficient for arbitraryF(x). For discrete distributions these tables are small and easy to set up, and the resulting sampling algorithm compares well with known general methods. Continuous distributions require longer set-up times and more space for tables. These are prepared using given probability densitiesf(x). The method can cope with “reasonable”f(x) including most cases which are commonly encountered in statistics. The reported computational experience, on Poisson, Normal, Gamma and Cauchy distributions, indicates that our general routine is almost as fast as the best known sampling algorithms which were specially designed for these distributions.
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