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  • Other Sources  (10,609)
  • 1980-1984  (10,071)
  • 1950-1954  (538)
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  • 1
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    Frequency-doubled CO2 lidar measurement and diode laser spectroscopy of atmospheric CO2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A lidar instrument based on pulsed frequency-doubled carbon-dioxide lasers has been used at 4.88 microns for remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A tunable-diode laser spectrometer provided the high-resolution spectroscopic data on carbon-dioxide line strength and line broadening needed for an accurate differential absorption measurement. Initial field measurements are presented, and instrument improvements necessary for accurate carbon dioxide measurement are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 22; Sept. 1
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    SASS measurements of the Ku-band radar signature of the ocean (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: SeaSat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) measurements of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) have been merged with high quality surface-wind fields based on in situ, to create a large data base of NRCS-wind signature data. These data are compared to the existing NRCS-wind model used by the SASS to infer winds. Falso-color maps of SASS NRCS and ocean winds from multiple orbits show important synoptic trends.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering; OE-7; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    A statistical evaluation of the advantages of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in comparison to Multispectral Scanner data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: On July 16, 1982, the second decade of land remote sensing from space was inaugurated with the successful launch of Landsat-4. This satellite carries the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and a new sensor, the Thematic Mapper (TM). The TM represents the result of an effort in which all of the major improvements in remote-sensing capability were simultaneously integrated into one system. An experiment was developed and conducted to quantify the effect of each TM sensor parameter on classification accuracy. This paper discusses the experimental design and summarizes the results obtained using TM data acquired over the Washington, DC area on November 2, 1982. Attention is given to a study site/data description, the experimental design, photointerpretation and digitization, spectral simulation, radiometric simulation, and spatial simulation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 294-302
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The 1979 Clear Air Turbulence Flight Test Program (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The flight experiments for clear air turbulence (CAT) detection and measurement concepts are described. The test were conducted over the western part of the United States during the winter season of 1979 aboard NASA's Galileo 2 flying laboratory. A carbon dioxide pulsed Doppler lidar and an infrared radiometer were tested for the remote detection and measurement of CAT. Two microwave radiometers were evaluated for their ability to provide encounter warning and altitude avoidance information.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center The 1980 Aircraft Safety and Operating Probl., Pt. 1; p 293-311
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Impact of Thematic Mapper Sensor Characteristics on Classification Accuracy (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: A three factor (spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution), two level (TM and MSS) analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach allowed evaluation of the effects of each factor individually and in all possible combinations. Digital classification accuracy was used as the figure of merit. Nine study sites in Washington, D.C. each of approximately 256 x 256 TM pixels, were randomly selected from the full scene for analysis. These results strongly suggest that the quantization level improvements and the addition of new spectral bands in the visible and middle IR regions (both afforded by the TM sensor design) can result in improved capabilities to accurately delineate land cover categories using a per point Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier. On the other hand, results indicate that the increase in spatial resolution to 30m does not significantly enhance classification accuracy. The spatial result points to an inherent limitation of a per point classifier and to the need to improve data analysis techniques to handle high spatial resolution data.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 93-97
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Computer vision for real-time orbital operations. Center directors discretionary fund (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Machine vision research is examined as it relates to the NASA Space Station program and its associated Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV). Initial operation of OMV for orbital assembly, docking, and servicing are manually controlled from the ground by means of an on board TV camera. These orbital operations may be accomplished autonomously by machine vision techniques which use the TV camera as a sensing device. Classical machine vision techniques are described. An alternate method is developed and described which employs a syntactic pattern recognition scheme. It has the potential for substantial reduction of computing and data storage requirements in comparison to the Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT) image analysis. The method embodies powerful heuristic pattern recognition capability by identifying image shapes such as elongation, symmetry, number of appendages, and the relative length of appendages.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-86457 , NAS 1.15:86457
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Disappearing ionospheres on the nightside of Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Instruments on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter have detected a substantial ionosphere on the nightside of Venus during most orbits. However, during some orbits the nightside ionosphere seems to have almost disappeared, existing only as irregular patches of low-density plasma. The solar wind dynamic pressure on these occasions is greater than average. Data from several instruments (Langmuir probe, ion mass spectrometer, retarding potential analyzer, magnetometer, and plasma analyzer) have been correlated for a number of orbits during which the nightside ionosphere had disappeared. The magnetic field tends to be coherent, horizontal, and larger than usual, and the electron and ion temperatures are much larger than they usually are on the nightside. Mechanisms are suggested which might explain the reasons for the disappearance of the ionosphere when the solar wind dynamic pressure is large.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Performance evaluation of a spaceborne scatterometer (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Study results are presented showing performance capability of a spaceborne scatterometer to operationally measure ocean surface wind speed and direction. In addition, a research mode is described which will allow development of improved radar signatures for ocean, sea ice, and land targets. The study results show that a scatterometer can meet the operational requirements of + or - 2 m/s wind speed accuracy (or + or - 10%, whichever is greater) and + or - 20 deg wind direction accuracy over most of the expected ocean surface conditions. The six beam scatterometer design evaluated is shown to be skillful (greater than 90% correct) in specifying the correct wind vector solution (with a 180 deg ambiguity) from the multiple solutions derived; further improvement must rely on meteorological and pattern recognition techniques now under study.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Oceans ''81 Conference; Sept. 16-18, 1981; Boston, MA
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  • 9
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    Validation of temperature retrievals obtained by the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment on Nimbus 7 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An outline is given of LIMS temperature determinations (as a function of pressure) from measurements in two channels covering portions of the 15-micrometer band of carbon dioxide. The known sources of error from the radiometer and data reduction are used to estimate the systematic and random errors expected of the results. Observational determinations of the complete end-to-end precision are obtained by computing the standard deviation of six sequential temperature retrievals in regions where the atmosphere is horizontally uniform. This yields values of 0.2 to 0.6 K, in reasonable agreement with the estimates. A correction for horizontal gradients in the atmosphere leads to a large reduction in the differences between the stratospheric temperatures determined on the ascending and descending portions of the orbit. The temperatures agree in the mean with radiosondes and rocketsondes to within 1-2 K in most regions below 1 mbar. Several interesting, previously unseen features included cold regions in the mid-latitude mesosphere and wavelike vertical variations in the tropics.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5147-516
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Preliminary evaluation of thematic mapper sensor characteristics relative to land cover/land use discrimination (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary experimental results of airborne thematic mapper (TM) data taken to quantify the effect of three major TM sensor parameters, spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution, six months after launch of Landsat-4 are reported. The flight took place on Nov. 2, 1982 over Washington, D.C., and data gathered were compared with ground reference data from color airborne photography on a 1:40,000 scale. Analyses proceeded by deleting one band from each of four data sets, thus making the data equivalent to MSS data. Attention was directed to land cover/use classes in a quick-look format. A per-pixel maximum likelihood scheme was found to increase the recognition and dicrimination categorization capabilities. Finer spatial resolution, however, impeded classification due to increased within-class variability of the field-center pixels, which also incresed class overlap in the spectral data base. Improved data analyses techniques are therefore needed to exploit the available higher spatial resolution of the TM.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: AAS PAPER 83-159
    Format: text
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