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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Satellite images are used to show that major alterations in the structure of Gulf Stream warm-core rings can occur during very short periods of two to five days when an interaction with the Gulf Stream is particularly intense. The role of these interactions in the evolution of a ring are discussed.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 308; 837-840
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new oceanographic instrument to measure underwater optical, biological and physical properties simultaneously has been built and used extensively at sea. The Bio-Optical Profiling System (BOPS) was designed for the rapid acquisition of data to accommodate shipboard 'synoptic' sampling strategies, often in conjunction with concurrent aircraft and satellite sensors. The data rates and associated quantity of data from the BOPS are some orders of magnitude larger than those traditionally encountered in optical oceanography. The rapid acquisition of optical data in a wide range of environmental conditions requires new methodologies in ocean optical data analysis.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of remote sensing techniques for obtaining estimates of global marine primary productivity is examined. It is shown that remote sensing and multiplatform (ship, aircraft, and satellite) sampling strategies can be used to significantly lower the variance in estimates of phytoplankton abundance and of population growth rates from the values obtained using the C-14 method. It is noted that multiplatform sampling strategies are essential to assess the mean and variance of phytoplankton biomass on a regional or on a global basis. The relative errors associated with shipboard and satellite estimates of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity, as well as the increased statistical accuracy possible from the utilization of contemporaneous data from both sampling platforms, are examined. It is shown to be possible to follow changes in biomass and the distribution patterns of biomass as a function of time with the use of satellite imagery.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Initial imagery from the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) shows subtle variations in water color. Organisms, especially phytoplankton, play a major influence on the variations in water color. Processing of the visual data is described, and in particular, the use of an algorithm to remove aerosol from the image is discussed. Data on the six spectral bands (433-12,500 nm) are presented and comparisons are made between the CZCS and the Landsat-1 multispectral scanner. The implications for management of fisheries is noted.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Science; 210; Oct. 3
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Mesoscale biological patterns and processes in productive coastal waters were studied. The physical and biological processes leading to chlorophyll variability were investigated. The ecological and evolutionary significance of this variability, and its relation to the prediction of fish recruitment and marine mammal distributions was studied. Seasonal primary productivity (using chlorophyll as an indication of phytoplankton biomass) for the entire Southern California Bight region was assessed. Complementary and contemporaneous ship and satellite (Nimbus 7-CZCS) bio-optical data from the Southern California Bight and surrounding waters were obtained and analyzed. These data were also utilized for the development of multi-platform sampling strategies and the optimization of algorithms for the estimation of phytoplankton biomass and primary production from satellite imagery.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-168681 , NAS 1.26:168681
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectral analysis of water color and concurrent measurements of the relative concentration of various particulate and dissolved constituents within a broad range of water types are necessary to quantify ocean color observations and successfully relate them to various biological and physical processes that can be monitored by remote sensing. Some of the results of a Nimbus-G prelaunch cruise in connection with the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) experiment, which was carried out in the Gulf of Mexico in October 1977, are presented and discussed. Based upon a small but diverse sample of near-surface measurements, it appears possible to estimate total suspended particulate matter (SPM) to useful accuracies by forming ratios of the spectral radiances measured at wavelengths falling near the centers of certain CZCS bands, viz., 440 nm:550 nm and 440 nm:520 nm. Furthermore, the analysis suggests a very high degree of covariation between SPM and phytoplankton pigments except for certain well-defined special cases.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
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