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  • Springer  (58)
  • Annual Reviews  (5)
  • Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
  • 1980-1984  (49)
  • 1965-1969  (14)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 6 (1968), S. 13-38 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 13 (1982), S. 395-422 
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 22 (1984), S. 223-265 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 160 (1984), S. 372-381 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril synthesis ; Chlorophyta ; Terminal synthesizing complex ; Valonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The assembly of cellulose microfibrils was investigated in artificially induced protoplasts of the alga, Valonia macrophysa (Siphonocladales). Primary-wall microfibrills, formed within 72 h of protoplast induction, are randomly oriented. Secondary-wall lamellae, which are produced within 96 h after protoplast induction, have more than three orientations of highly ordered microfibrils. The innermost, recently deposited micofibrils are not parallel with the cortical microtubules, thus indicating a more indirect role of microtubules in the orientation of microfibrils. Fine filamentous structures with a periodicity of 5.0–5.5 nm and the dimensions of actin were observed adjacent to the plasma membrane. Linear cellulose-terminal synthesizing complexes (TCs) consisting of three rows, each with 30–40 particles, were observed not only on the E fracture (EF) but also on P fracture (PF) faces of the plasma membrane. The TC appears to span both faces of the bimolecular leaflet. The average length of the TC is 350 nm, and the number of TCs per unit area during primary-wall synthesis is 1 per μm2. Neither paired TCs nor granule bands characteristic of Oocystis were observed. Changes in TC structure and distribution during the conversion from primary- to secondary-wall formation have been described. Cellulose microfibril assembly in Valonia is discussed in relation to the process among other eukaryotic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 489-500 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril deposition ; Membrane flow ; Pinus ; Pit field ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In maize (Zea mays L.) and pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings, cellulose microfibril impressions are present on freeze-fractured plasma membranes. It has been proposed that impressions of newly synthesized microfibrils are a record of the movement of terminal synthesizing complexes through the plasma membrane (Mueller and Brown, 1980, J. Cell Biol. 84, 315–326). The association of terminal complexes with the ends of microfibril impressions or with the ends of microfibrils torn through the membrane indicates the orientation of microfibril tips. Unidirectionally-oriented microfibril tips (all pointing in the same direction) are associated with the organized deposition of parallel arrays of microfibrils. Multidirectionally-oriented microfibril tips were observed in a cell in which microfibril deposition was unusually disorganized. Microfibril patterns around pit fields are asymmetric and resemble flow patterns. Unidirectionally-oriented tears are associated with these microfibrils. Although microfibril orientations are deflected around pit fields, the main axis of microfibril orientation is maintained across the surface of the cell. The hypothesis is proposed that the interaction of a flowing plasma membrane with microfibril synthesizing complexes in the plane of the membrane may result in unidirectional deposition and asymmetric microfibril impressions around pit fields.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 501-515 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril deposition ; Colchicine ; Cytoskeleton ; Ethylene ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of maize (Zea mays L.) seedling that are not fixed or cryoprotected contain the impressions of cellulose microfibrils on freeze-fractured plasma membranes. Impressions of the most recently deposited microfibrils have terminal complexes associated with them (see preceding paper). The orientations of microtubules in cytoplasmic fractures are parallel to the newest microfibrils observed on adjacent plasma membrane fractures. Small groups of microfibrils, distinguished from the next older layer by their new orientation, are sometimes observed directly adjacent and parallel to individual microtubules. Whereas microtubules are parallel to microfibril orientations which vary from transverse to occasionally longitudinal, microfilaments are parallel to the longitudinal cell axis. After colchicine treatment, cytoplasmic microtubules are absent, as are the bands of microfibrils that are observed on the membrane of control cells. Parallel orientations of microfibrils and normal pitfield outlines are often still observed after colchicine treatment. However, on some membranes, multidirectionally-oriented microfibril tips occur, associated with perturbations of microfibril orientation and rounded pit-field outlines. In ethylene-treated cells, some membranes have microfibril tips oriented in only one direction in new layers of longitudinal microfibrils. On other membranes, longitudinal bands of microfibril tips are oriented in opposing directions. We propose that after colchicine treatment, the patterns of microfibrils reflect an orientation mechanism which has been uncoupled from the influence of microtubules but which is still under some other form of cellular control. We propose that membrane flow could orient the lateral movement of synthesizing complexes in the membrane and that microtubules modulate this movement, apparently organizing the microfibrils into parallel bands in newly-forming wall layers.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The marine blue green alga, Trichodesmium erythraeum, was studied with electron microscopy in an attempt to elucidate the structural basis for its rapid lysis when removed from its marine environment. In this connection, it was found that a thining of the electron-dense layer of the longitudinal wall at the site adjacent to transverse wall attachment was responsible for lysis. The underlying biochemical basis for this change has not been elucidated because of the extreme difficulties of maintaining and growing the alga in culture under defined conditions. Several other features of considerable interest also were found. Especially interesting is the very regular array of gas vacuoles in the form of a hollow cylinder which shields most of the photosynthetic system. It was suggested that the gas vacuoles might possibly function optically, having adaptive value in protecting the free-floating alga from excessive radiation. In addition, a detailed structure of the cylindrical bodies was presented, and its structure with the photosynthetic lamellae was compared. On the basis of sectoring to form fragments of double lamellar units from the cylindrical body which are identical in structure to the photosynthetic lamellae, it has been postulated that the cylindrical body may be the site of synthesis for the photosynthetic system in Trichodesmium erythraeum.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 19 (1969), S. 162-164 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fixation procedure for electron microscopy is described which includes a simultaneous glutaraldehyde-OsO4 fixation followed by postosmication. This procedure was found to have considerable advantages in preserving structures of plant and animal cells.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 11 (1968), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einflu\, der vom elektrostatischen Feld eines umgebenden Gitters auf die Elektronenstruktur des Sulfations herrührt, wird mittels des Vergleichs von vier VESCF-Rechnungen (freies Ion, Ion in K2SO4, CaSO4, BaSO4) verfolgt. 24 Elektronen werden in die Rechnung miteinbezogen; als Basis fungieren die 2p-ZustÄnde des Sauerstoffs und die 3s- und 3p-ZustÄnde des Schwefels. Die Existenz der Gitter-Umgebung bewirkt eine Wanderung der Elektronen vom Sauerstoff zum Schwefel. Kristallographisch inÄquivalente Sauerstoffatome zeigen deutlich verschiedene Nettoladungen. Au\erdem wird die Gesamtenergie des Anions krÄftig gesenkt, desgleichen die Bindungsenergie aller SO-Bindungen. Das interessanteste Ergebnis ist aber eine Aufspaltung der entarteten angeregten ZustÄnde, die von einer me\baren Grö\enordnung sein sollte. Insbesondere ergibt sich eine Aufspaltung von mehreren hundert Wellenzahlen für die lÄngste 1 A 1→1 T 2-Bande, und zwar für jede Gitterstruktur eine andere. Vergleicht man diese Ergebnisse mit dem Experiment, so ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Wellenfunktionen auf ihre Güte hin zu testen.
    Abstract: Résumé L'effet de l'environnement électrostatique du réseau sur la structure électronique de l'ion sulfate est étudié à l'aide de calculs VESCF de l'ion sulfate libre et de l'ion dans K2SO4, CaSO4 et BaSO4. L'ion est traité comme un système de 24 électrons dans une base d'orbitales 2p sur l'oxygène, 3s et 3p sur le soufre. Les réseaux ont pour effet d'augmenter la population électronique sur le soufre au dépens des atomes d'oxygène. Les oxygènes non équivalents du point de vue cristallographique ont des charges nettes différentes. Les réseaux conduisent aussi à un abaissement prononcé de l'énergie électronique totale de l'anion et à une énergie de liaison plus négative pour toutes les liaisons S-O. La prédiction la plus intéressante concerne une séparation mesurable des états spectroscopiques excités dégénérés de l'ion, dans les réseaux. En particulier on prévoit des séparations de plusieurs centaines de nombres d'onde pour la bande la plus lointaine 1 A 1→1 T 2, différentes selon les réseaux. La comparaison de ces prédictions à l'expérience serait un test intéressant pour les différentes fonctions d'onde des sulfates et des ions polyatomiques en général.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the electrostatic environment of the lattice upon the electronic structure of the sulphate ion is studied by carrying through VESCF calculations of the free sulphate ion and the ion in K2SO4, CaSO4 and BaSO4. The ion is treated as a 24 electron system, the basis functions being oxygen 2p, sulphur 3s and 3p orbitals. The effect of the lattices is to increase the electron population on the sulphur at the expense of the oxygen populations. Oxygens that are crystallographically inequivalent are found to vary perceptibly in net charge. The lattices are also found to lead to a pronounced lowering in the total electronic energy of the anion and to more negative bond energy values for all SO bonds. The most interesting prediction is of a measurable splitting of degenerate excited spectroscopic states of the ion in the lattices. In particular splittings of several hundred wavenumbers for the longest wavelength 1 A 1→1 T 2 band, differing for each of the lattices, are predicted. Comparisons of these predictions with observation could provide a valuable testing of various wave functions for sulphates, and indeed other polyatomic ions in general.
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