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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
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    Channels and valleys on Mars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Tentative conclusions about the origins of channels and valleys on Mars based on the consensus of investigators who have studied the problem are presented. The morphology of outflow channels is described in detail, and the morphology, distribution, and genesis of Martian valleys are addressed. Secondary modification of channels and valleys by mass-wasting phenomena, eolian processes, cratering, and mantling by lava flows is discussed. The physics of the flows needed to account for the immense volumes of Martian outflow channels is considered in detail, including the possible influence of debris flows and mudflows, glaciers, and ice sheets. It is concluded that Mars once probably possessed an atmosphere with higher temperatures and pressures than at present which played an essential role in an active hydrological cycle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geological Society of America, Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606); 94; 1035-105
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  • 2
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    Imaging photopolarimeter on Pioneer Saturn (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Results of Pioneer 11 imaging photopolarimeter observations of Saturn, its rings, and Titan are presented. The imaging photopolarimeter is a pointable telescope with an aperture of 2.5 cm and passbands of 390 to 500 to 720 nm which uses the spin of the spacecraft to scan across an object. Images of the Saturn system and of the rings are presented, and the absence of a D ring, structures in the C, B and A rings and the Cassini division and the discoveries of the F ring and the provisionally named Pioneer division separating it from the A ring are reported. A mean particle size less than 15 meters is estimated from estimates of total ring mass and the optical depth of the B ring. The discovery of the satellite 1979 S 1 at 2.53 Saturn radii is also noted. Models of the vertical aerosol structure of Saturn's atmosphere are compared with the polarization data, and it is indicated that the density of cloud particles decreases with altitude with a scale height about one fourth that of the gas, and that an optical depth of one is to be found at 750 mbar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 3
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    Energetic ion acceleration and transport in the upstream region of Jupiter - Voyager 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Long-lived upstream energetic ion events at Jupiter appear to be very similar in nearly all respects to upstream ion events at earth. A notable difference between the two planetary systems is the enhanced heavy ion compositional signature reported for the Jovian events. This compositional feature has suggested that ions escaping from the Jovian magnetosphere play an important role in forming upstream ion populations at Jupiter. In contrast, models of energetic upstream ions at earth emphasize in situ acceleration of reflected solar wind ions within the upstream region itself. Using Voyager 1 and 2 energetic ion measurements near the magnetopause, in the magnetosheath, and immediately upstream of the bow shock, the compositional patterns are examined together with typical energy spectra in each of these regions. Characteristic spectral changes are found late in ion events observed upstream of the bow shock at the same time that heavy ion fluxes are enhanced and energetic electrons are present. A model involving upstream Fermi acceleration early in events and emphasizing energetic particle escape in the prenoon part of the Jovian magnetospehre late in events is presented to explain many of the features in the upstream region of Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The Corfu Landslide: Analog to Giant Landslides on Mars (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: In an analog to the great landslides of the Vales Marineris, Mars, a detailed study was made of the Corfu Landslide in south-central Washington. This prehistoric slide is located on the northern flank of the Saddle Mountains, southwest of Othello, Washington. The slide covers a 13 square km area centered on section 11 of T.15N., R.27E., Willamette Meridian, adjacent to the Corfu townsite. Approximately 1 cubic km of material is involved in sliding that was probably initiated by Missoula flooding through the Channeled Scabland. It is concluded that there were four primary factors involved in the initiation of the Corfu landsliding: (1) A slip surface was present at the right orientation; (2) Glacial flooding undercut the slope; (3) Wetter climatic conditions prevailed during that time period; and (4) Some seismic vibrations, known to occur locally, probably acted as a trigger. These factors show that special conditions were required in conjunction to produce landsliding. Studies in progress of the Vales Marieneris suggest that the same factors probably contributed to landsliding there.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 230
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  • 5
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    The channels of Mars (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Early observations of Mars conducted by means of telescopes are considered. Secchi introduced the Italian word 'canale' ('channel') in 1869 to describe apparent lines on the planet's surface. Between 1877 and 1888 Schiaparelli mapped a profusion of 'canali'. Schiaparelli's work led to famous controversies about Mars. This book attempts to investigate the puzzle posed by the Martian channels, taking into account also the results of the studies conducted with the aid of the two orbiting Viking spacecraft which have produced a total number of nearly 60,000 pictures. The channel types are discussed along with questions regarding the distribution, the ages, and the proposed origins of the channels. Attention is given to the geomorphology of Mars, the patterns and networks of Martian valleys, ice and the Martian surface, the outflow channels, catastrophic flood processes, questions of analogy between terrestrial and Martian geographic features, and Martian phenomena associated with water liquid or water ice.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 6
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    Energetic particle transport in the upstream region of Jupiter - Voyager results (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using Voyager 1 and 2 energetic (greater than 30 keV) ion measurements near the magnetopause, in the magnetosheath, and immediately upstream of the Jovian bow shock, the available ion compositional patterns have been examined together with typical energy spectra in each of these regions. Field-aligned, highly anisotropic ion bursts occurring early in most upstream events have relatively low fluxes of electrons and heavy ions associated with them. Characteristic spectral changes are found late in long-lived ion events at the same time that heavy ion and energetic electron fluxes are enhanced. The interplanetary magnetic field is always connected toward the dawn side of the planet late in this subset of upstream events, at the time that relativistic electrons and heavy ions are high. A model emphasizing energetic particle escape in the prenoon part of the Jovian magnetosphere, late in events, is presented to explain many of the upstream region features.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 3775-378
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  • 7
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    Spinel cataclasites in 15445 and 72435 - Petrology and criteria for equilibrium (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The problem of establishing the existence of equilibrium among the coexisting phases in the rock is addressed by presenting petrographic and mineral chemistry data on a new spinel cataclasite from 15445 (clast H) and data more extensive than those previously available on two clasts in 72435. Criteria useful in reconstructing the original petrology of these and other spinel cataclasites are analyzed by considering equilibrium among the different phases, that is, the mono- or polymict nature of these cataclasized samples. Finally, the role of impact processes in disturbing the equilibria is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 17, 1980 - Mar 21, 1980; Houston, TX
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  • 8
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    The cordierite- to spinel-cataclasite transition - Structure of the lunar crust (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A two-layer lunar crust model is proposed in light of geochemical relationships between spinel cataclasites and anorthosites, discussing the relative abundances of these rocks. The uppermost stratigraphic unit of this model consists of members of the anorthositic series, and is estimated to be 12-20 km thick. The lower, Mg-rich unit consists of rocks with cotectic mineralogical proportions, and may constitute the greatest volume of the crust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Conference on the Lunar Highlands Crust; Nov 14, 1979 - Nov 16, 1979; Houston, TX
    Format: text
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