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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integral association of phytochrome with a membranous fraction from etiolatedAvena shoots: red/far-red photoreversibility and in vitro characterization (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Membranes (hydrophobic interactions with phytochrome) ; Phytochrome (pelletability)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results reported in this paper provide strong evidence to support the belief that the small percentage of phytochrome recovered in low-speed centrifugation pellets, when prepared in the absence of divalent cations after various in vivo irradiations, is not simply a manifestation of non-specific co-precipitation of soluble phytochrome. The far-red reversibility of the observed near-doubling of phytochrome pelletability after in vivo red irradiation indicates that phytochrome pelletability in the absence of divalent cations is a phytochrome-controlled response. The characteristics of the pelleted phytochrome indicate a strong, hydrophobic interaction with membranes. A tentative proposal to explain the observed characteristics of the association of phytochrome with membranous material in the absence of divalent cations after different in vivo irradiations has been put forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387904
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integral association of phytochrome with a membranous fraction fromAvena shoots: in vivo characterization and physiological significance (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 128-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Coleoptile (elongation) ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome in the far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) was observed to disappear in vivo more rapidly from the non-cation-requiring pelletable phytochrome population than from the supernantant phytochrome population of oat seedlings given an increasing dark incubation after red irradiation. The amount of pelletable phytochrome in the red light absorbing form (Pr) remained relatively stable while supernatant Pr was lost. These observations indicated that supernant Pfr was subject to loss during the incubation, while pelletable Pfr was subject to both dark reversion and loss. During the incubation, the ability of far-red irradiation to reverse the red-induced increase in phytochrome pelletability was lost, with kinetics similar to those of the loss of pelletable Pfr. Far-red reversibility of the red-induced increase in coleoptile elongation correlated with the change intotal Pfr in both supernatant and pelletable phytochrome populations, but with the change in the ratio of Pfr to total phytochrome only in the pelletable phytochrome population. The possible significance of these results is discussed with reference to the action of phytochrome in the photocontrol of physiological growth responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387905
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use and misuse of calcium carbonate as an aid to the spectrophotometric assay of phytochrome in vitro (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Calcium carbonate (in spectrophotometry) ; Phytochrome (in-vitro spectrophotometry)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Supernatant and resuspended pellet samples from a centrifugation of homogenised, etiolated oat seedlings were prepared and assayed spectrophotometrically for phytochrome in the presence and absence of added calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles under a variety of conditions. At a constant sample thickness, in the absence of CaCO3, increasing sample concentration had no significant effect on the expected phytochrome reading. In the presence of CaCO3, however, as sample concentration increased, the phytochrome reading was less than, expected more so in resuspended pellet samples than in supernatant samples. At a constant sample concentration in the absence of CaCO3, increasing sample thickness gave no significant difference from the excepted phytochrome reading in supernatant samples, but led to a slight increase over the expected phytochrome reading in resuspended pellet samples. In the presence of CaCO3, increasing sample thickness led to a drop from the expected phytochrome reading in both sample types, but more so in resuspended pellet samples. These findings show that the use of CaCO3 as an aid to spectrophotometric phytochrome assay can lead to large artifacts in the instrument reading and that its use should be approached with caution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetische Untersuchung der thermischen Nachverbrennung von Essigsäureethylester in einem Strömungsrohr-Reaktor (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 54 (1982), S. 1079-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Thermische Nachverbrennung ; Schadstoff-Beseitigung ; Strömungsrohr-Reaktor ; Essigsäureethylester ; Regression nach Marquardt ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330541125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced, solid-state polymerization of derivatives of methacrylic acid, 10. Polymerizability of barium methacrylate anhydrate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Whereas the radiation-induced polymerization of crystalline barium methacrylate monohydrate has been well established there have been conflicting reports concerning barium methacrylate anhydrate. We have now shown that the yields of high molecular weight polymer are negligible if adequate precautions are taken to prevent polymerization occurring during the separation of polymer from residual monomer. However, monomer losses of up to 80% have been observed by titration of C=C bonds with bromine and confirmed by decreases in the appropriate infrared absorptions. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystalline lattice was largely destroyed during the reaction. ESR spectra indicate that initial trapped radicals are converted into propagating radicals with a different conformation than has been reported for the monohydrate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR study of reactions of cellulose initiated by the ceric ion methodPaper presented in part at the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan, September 28-October 4, 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1591-1606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ESR spectra of microcrystalline cellulose and purified cotton cellulose reacted with ceric ammonium nitrate in nitric acid were determined. The effects of the concentration of ceric ion, atmosphere, temperature, and graft copolymerization with acrylonitrile on the rates of formation and decay of radicals in the cellulose molecule were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. Under static conditions, after the desired conditions of reaction, the samples were frozen at -100 or -160°C., and then the concentration of free radicals was determined. Under dynamic conditions ceric ion solution was continuously flowed through the celluloses while these determinations were being made at 25°C. In the presence of oxygen the rate of decay of free radicals was decreased. On initiation of copolymerization reactions with acrylonitrile, there was an increase in radical concentration, then a decrease. Apparently, during graft copolymerization the radical site initially on the cellulose molecule was retained on the end of the growing polymer chain. Then additional ceric ion coordinated with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, leading to the formation of additional radical sites. An Arrhenius interpretation of the effect of temperature on the formation of these additional radical sites gave apparent activation energies for radical formation on cotton cellulose as 34 kcal./mole and on microcrystalline cellulose as 29 kcal./mole.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR spectra of copper complexes of cellulose (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ESR spectra of complexes of fibrous cotton cellulose and cupriammonia dihydroxide or cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide under various experimental conditions were determined. The spectra of both complexes with cotton cellulose were almost identical at -100 and 25°C. The spectrum of the complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide with cellulose was stable to temperatures as high as 100°C. The sum of the linewidths of the hyperfine components of the spectra for each complex was about 180 gauss. Cotton fibers were combed and aligned with their axes (lengths) parallel to the magnetic field (B∥); after formation of either of the complexes with cellulose a minumum of hyperfine structure of components centered at H∥ was observed. A maximum of hyperfine structure of these components was observed when the complexed fibers were aligned with their axes perpendicular to the magnetic field (B⊥). The opposite was true of components centered at H⊥. For a complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide and cellulose at 25°C. and at high pH the g∥ was 2.2127 and the g∥ was 2.0476. It was suggested that the alignment of most of the complex was its axis of symmetry at a maximum angle to the axes of the cotton fiber, when the axes of the fibers were in the parallel alignment with the magnetic field. At high pH these observations were even more marked. When ramie was used with cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide at high pH, the contribution of components centered at H∥ to the spectra was zero. Spectra for the copper compounds alone and complexed with cellobiose are also reported.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR study of post-irradiation reactions of cellulose and acrylonitrile (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1139-1153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An ESR study of the free-radical mechanisms of the post-irradiation reactions of cotton cellulose with acrylonitrile is reported. The effects of atmosphere, moisture content, and solutions of acrylonitrile on the yield and stability of free-radical sites in irradiated cellulose were determined. On interaction of γ-radiation from a 60Co source with cotton cellulose, long-lived free-radical sites were found within the molecular lattice. Short-lived free-radical sites were apparently also formed on chain cleavage, gave strong singlet spectra, and were readily accessible to interaction with water. Other free-radical sites were formed within regions of the cellulosic fiber which were inaccessible to moisture or aqueous solutions even after contact times as long as three days. It was suggested that long-lived free-radical sites in cellulose I (containing regain moisture) resulted from dehydrogenation at C5, and in cellulose II (containing regain moisture) resulted from dehydrogenation at C5 and dehydrogenation of the OH group or dehydroxylation at C6. When irradiated cellulose was contacted with a solution of acrylonitrile (15%) in 75% aqueous zinc chloride, the initial rate of decrease in spin concentration was higher than the rate of decrease as the time of contact increased. The ESR spectrum of the reacted cellulose, observed at -100°C., as compared with the spectrum for the irradiated cellulose, had decreased in signal strength with increase in time of contact and changed from a three-line spectrum to an ill-defined spectrum. The free radical being observed was probably due to unreacted sites in the cellulose. The extent of the graft copolymerization reaction was directly related to the initial spin concentration in the irradiated cellulose.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110712
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Destraktion als Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Rückständen aus der Hydrierung der Braunkohle (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 55 (1983), S. 655-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Braunkohle-Hydrierung ; Heißabscheiderabschlamm ; Vakuumdestillation ; Destraktion ; überkritische Fluide ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330550817
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specification of combustible materials for passenger train design (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 8 (1984), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The general nature of fire problems on energy-conservative passenger trains is described, including a description of vehicle structures and lightweight design. Effects of high energy demand, tunnels and high maximum speeds on fire safety are outlined. The considerations used in design analysis are described, beginning with the development of a ‘worst-case fire scenario’. Typical combustible materials are considered and some of the reasons for choices are given. Notes on cavity and chimney effects emphasize the importance of clear objectives. Structural fire resistance is examined, and the basis of conventional recommendations analysed. The application of British Standard 6336 guidelines on fire tests and hazard assessment is examined. Limitation of fire load density is described, and some problems of calorific value determination outlined. Sources of ignition and hazards from passengers are defined. Flammability and flame-spread control are discussed, and rate of heat release is referred to in the context of fire behaviour. Problems of passenger escape linked to flashover, smoke and combustion gases are dealt with briefly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810080302
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