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  • Chemistry  (14)
  • organized spontaneous reporting  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of adverse drug reactions in psychiatric hospitals (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 727-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: adverse drug reactions ; psychotropic drugs ; intensive drug monitoring ; organized spontaneous reporting ; psychiatric patients ; adverse reaction frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A system for monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADR) in psychiatric inpatients was introduced in psychiatric hospitals in the FRG in May 1979. It consists of intensive drug monitoring (IDM) and a so-called “organized spontaneous reporting system” (OSR). ADR are rated separately according to impact on therapy and probability of causal relationship. With IDM all ADR (Grades I–III) are assessed in a randomly selected sample of inpatients. With OSR only ADR leading to discontinuation of the drugs in question (=ADR Grade III) are assessed. In 406 drug-treated inpatients monitored by IDM in the psychiatric hospitals of Berlin and Munich from May 1979 to Dec. 1981, ADR were observed in 60,4%. In 15% of IDM-patients ADR led to discontinuation of the drugs in question; with OSR the relative frequency of these Grade III ADR was 9,0% in 5096 patients monitored throughout the entire period. Life-threatening events were observed in 1,2% of patients undergoing IDM as well as 1.2% of those undergoing OSR. The most frequently observed ADR by IDM were sedation, extrapyramidal signs, disturbances of the autonomic nervous system and increase in transaminases, and by OSR Parkinsonism, akathisia, sedation, toxic delirium and increased transaminases. The relative frequency of Grade III ADR was similar for neuroleptics and antidepressants (5,4% and 5,3% in OSR); a very low relative frequency of ADR Grade III was found for tranquilizers and hypnotics (0,7% and 0,2%). Methodological aspects of this drug monitoring system are discussed in the light of current literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541933
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature demixing of poly(decyl methacrylate) solutions in isooctane and its pressure dependenceHerrn Prof. Dr. H.-J. Cantow mit den besten Wünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 1303-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Solutions of poly (decyl methacrylate) in isooctane (2,2, 4-trimethylpentane) show lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) that lie well below the thermal degradation of the polymer. The corresponding exothermal theta-temperature (from the Shultz-Flory plot) amounts to 210°C. The increase in solvent quality by pressure turns out to be very pronounced (d Tc/dp ≈ +1 K/bar). With solutions of the polymer in motor oils, high temperature demixing is unlikely to occur below their boiling point. The theoretical evaluation of published experimental data for 11 different systems exhibiting LCSTs demonstrates the following: Under the equilibrium vapour pressure of the solution high temperature demixing is generally observed withing the temperature interval between Tb, the boiling point of the pure solvent (1 bar), and 1,5 Tb. As Tc - Tb increases, the heats of mixing and the pressure influence on Tc increase, too.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840621
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-newtonian flow behaviour of poly(decyl methacrylate) solutions (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 2539-2551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of solutions of poly(decyl methacrylate)s, PDMA, in 1-pentanol (thermodynamically poor solvent) and in toluence or isooctane (good solvents) was measured up to shear rates of 3 · 104s-1 by means of rotational viscosimeters. The observed pronounced shear thinning is for all solutions well described by the theory of Graessley, with the extension, introduced by Ito. Two parameters, resulting from the evaluation of the flow curves on the basis of the above theory, are discussed: τ0, a characteristic relaxation time of the polymer chain, is found to be in the range of ms. ηfric, a frictional parameter, independent of shear rate, amounts upto 50% of the zero-shear viscosity for the measured solutions. Both, τ0 and ηfric, increase with decreasing solvent quality, increasing molecular weight, and increasing concentration, in accord with theory. A comparatively sharp downward bend, separating two power-law regimes, shows up with moderately concentrated solutions, as the shear rate exceeds about 103 to 104 s-1. This transition is tentatively interpreted as an orientation of the long side chains of PDMA.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021841214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration dependence of the Flory-Huggins parameter at different thermodynamic conditions (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2169-2181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By means of data from critical demixing and vapour pressure measurements and by inverse gas chromatography, including the results of published light scattering measurments, a consistent picture is obtained for the entire dependence of the Flory-Huggins parameter χ on the weight fraction w2 of the polymer and on the temperature T for the system tert-butyl acetate/polystyrene. Within the entire T-range (ca. 0°C - 140°C), χ increases stronger than exponentially with w2, the rise being the larger the larger χH (the enthalpy contribution to χ) becomes in the limit of infinite dilution. At sufficiently high temperatures (≳ 50°C), χH changes its sign from negative to positive as w2 is raised. This behaviour, as well as the general shape of χ(w2) is in qualitative accord with the results of the corresponding-states theory as developed by Flory et al.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021851012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True cosolvency. Acetone/diethylether/polystyrene (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1973), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021730118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligomer-oligomer incompatibility, 3.Part 2: cf. Ref.2. End-group effectsDedicated to Professor G. V. Schulz on the occasion of his 75th birthday (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1801-1818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to investigate the influences of different end-groups on oligomer miscibility with other substances, oligo(propylene glycol)s bearing —OH groups (OPG-OH) studied in the previous paper2, were acetylated at both ends (OPG-AC). The limits of miscibility of OPG-AC with oligo(dimethylsiloxane) (ODMS) were measured turbidimetrically. A simple and reliable method for the determination of the critical points from turbidity data is presented. The observed upper critical temperatures (Tc) increase with degree of oligomerization of ODMS (ranging from 1 to 5), whereas Tc shows a minimum when the degree of oligomerization of the OPG-AC is raised (from 1 to 57,5). For lower mol. wt. oligoglycols, the Tc-values of ODMS/OPG-AC are lower by ca. 50 K as compared with those of ODMS/OPG-OH. The different end-groups play a minor role with respect to the pressure influences (up to 1 500 bar the miscibility increases in all cases). For OPG-AC the chain length of optimum miscibility with a given ODMS is found at considerably lower values than for OPG-OH. The theoretical evaluation of the experimental material on the basis of the lattice theory yields a reduction in the enthalpies of mixing up to 10% and an increase in the volumes of mixing (〈0) up to 50% when —OH is replaced by —AC. For the treatment of end-group effects, the solubility parameter theory, when combined with the concept of molar attraction constants, presents several advantages: In particular it is possible to describe the phase separation behaviour of the different oligomer mixtures simply by means of solubility parameters and molar volumes of the different segments and end-groups and to forecast the presence or absence of a chain-length of optimum miscibility.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapour pressures of the system tert-butyl acetate/polystyrene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2161-2167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus is presented for the precise measurement of vapour pressures. It is tested with diethyl ether and applied to the system tert-butyle acetate/polystyrene (weight-average molecular weight Mw = 110000) up to polymer concentrations of ca. 60 wt.-% in the temperature range from 10 to 90°C; by means of the Redlich-Kister equation the results can well be described analytically. The data are evaluated to yield the Flory-Huggins parameter in the subsequent article in conjunction with other experimental information.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021851011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the factors governing the pressure dependence of the viscosity of moderately concentrated polymer solutionsPart of theses of H. G. and J. R. S. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1277-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viscosity measurements were carried out as a function of pressure and temperature with solutions of polystyrene in eight (endothermal) θ-solvents at the respective critical composition by means of a Searle-type apparatus. A rolling-ball viscometer was used for the investigation of the pure solvents. In all cases the viscosity coefficient increases in a more or less exponential manner when the pressure is raised. For θ-conditions, the volumes of activation of the solutions exceed that of the pure solvent by typically 10-15%. The exact amount of this extra efffect stemming from the presence of the polymer and its variation with temperature can be qualitatively correlated with the heats of mixing. The ratio of the viscosity of the solution at 1000 and 1 bar, respectively, can be varied for a given solvent power (θ-temperature) by the choice of the solvent from ca. 2 (cyclopentane) to 4 (trans-decalin). Within a given system, the maximum effects that can be realized by a change of the solvent power via the variation of temperature ranges from ca. 3 to 6 (tert-butylacetate).
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270417
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentation of dissolved macromolecules in the terrestrial gravitational field near the critical locus (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 161 (1972), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell, daß das Schwerefeld der Erde unter annähernd kritischen Bedingungen ausgeprägte Veränderungen in der Gleichgewichtskonzentration von gelösten Makromolekülen mit der Höhe hervorruft.So wurde für das System Polystyrol/Cyclohexan beobachtet, daß die Gleichgewichtskonzentration unter derartigen Bedingungen am Boden eines Gefäßes etwa das Dreifache beträgt wie in 10 cm Höhe. Im Falle polymolekularer Proben ist die Sedimentation von einer entsprechenden Fraktionierung begleitet.
    Notes: The present paper demonstrates theoretically as well as experimentally, that the gravitational field of the earth produces very pronounced changes in the equilibrium concentration of dissolved macromolecules with height, under near critical conditions.Thus it could be observed for the system polystyrene/cyclohexane that the equilibrium concentration at the bottom of a tube is approximately three times that at a height of 10 cm, under such conditions. In the case of polymolecular samples the sedimentation is associated with a corresponding fractionation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1972.021610120
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abbau von polystyrol in cyclohexanlösung bei kleiner schergeschwindigkeit (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 164 (1973), S. 353-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021640133
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