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  • Elsevier  (22)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (14)
  • Cambridge University Press  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (22)
  • 1970-1974  (15)
  • 1
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    Zein storage protein gene family of Maize (1982)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2836
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-8638
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of starch granule swelling on graft copolymer composition. A comparison of monomersPresented at the 162nd National Meeting of American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., September 12-17, 1971. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2651-2660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Seven monomers, which varied widely in water solubility and ionic charge, were graft polymerized onto both unswollen starch and starch that had been swollen by heating in water to 60°C. Polymerizations were initiated with ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate-hydrogen peroxide and, where applicable, with ceric ammonium nitrate. Graft copolymers were freed of ungrafted homopolymer by solvent extraction and were characterized by weight percentage of synthetic polymer incorporated in the graft copolymer, molecular weight of grafted branches, and grafting frequency. The influence of starch granule swelling on graft copolymer structure varied with the monomer used and could not be predicted on the basis of water solubility of monomer or its resulting polymer. With acrylonitrile and acrylamide, swollen starch gave higher molecular weight and less frequent grafts than unswollen starch. However, methyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate · HNO3, N-t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate. HNO3, and 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride produced less frequent graft of higher molecular weight when starch was unswollen. With acrylic acid, graft molecular weight was independent of starch granule swelling, although grafting was less frequent when swollen starch was used.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070151105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates with starch (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2285-2294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of C4-C12 alkyl acrylates and methacrylates was polymerized with starch by irradiating starch-monomer mixtures with 60Co. Homopolymers were extracted with cyclohexane. The amounts of insoluble versus soluble synthetic polymer in polymerization run with alkyl acrylates varied less with the chain length of the alkyl substuent than in the polymerizations run with alkyl acrylates varied less with the chain length of the alkyl substituent than in the polymerizations run with alkyl methacrylates; and the poly(alkyl acrylate) contents of cyclohexane-insoluble fractions were all in the 38-45% range. Synthetic polymer contents of the products from butyl, hexyl, and decyl methacrylates were also close to this range. Octyl and lauryl methacrylate, however, gave high conversions to cyclohexane-soluble poly(alkyl methacrylate) along with little or no unextractable synthetic polymer in the starch-containing fractions. Poly(lauryl methacrylate) could be rendered insoluble by incorporating a small amount of tetramethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the polymerization mixture. In a series of polymerizations run with hexyl acrylate and hexyl methacrylate, lower irradiation doses led to more cyclohexane-soluble polymer and less synthetic polymer in the starch-containing fractions. Enzymatic digestion of starch-soluble polymer and less synthetic polymer in the starch-containing fractions. Enzymatic digestion of starch-containing polymers gave synthetic polymer fractions that were largely insoluble in cyclohexane. Crosslinking is, therefore, probably taking place during these polymerizations; however, we could not eliminate the possibility that reduced solubility was caused by small amounts of residual carbohydrate in these polymer fractions. Ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated polymerizations of butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, and butyl methacrylate with starch gave cyclohexane-insoluble polymers that contained 33-39% synthetic polymer. The higher alkyl acrylates and methacrylates produced little or no polymer under these conditions. Starch-containing fractions were tested as absorbents for hydrocarbons. Products prepared from decyl acrylate and lauryl acryle acrylate absorbed about 9 g of isooctane per 1 g of polymer, whereas the lowrer alkyl monomers gave polymers with lower absorbency.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070251015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saponified starch-g-polyacrylonitrile. Variables in the Ce+4 initiation of graft polymerization (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2731-2737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270740
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate onto hemicellulose (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4239-4250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft polymerizations of acrylonitrile onto both a commercial larchwood hemicellulose and a purified (low lignin) wheat straw hemicellulose could be initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate. The resulting hemicellulose-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers were fractionated by extraction at room temperature with dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. Fractions were characterized by determining both the wt % PAN in each polymer fraction and the molecular weight of grafted PAN. Saponification of the PAN component of hemicellulose-g-PAN gave a water-dispersible graft copolymer with good thickening properties for water systems. An absorbent polymer, similar to the starch-based absorbents (Super Slurpers), was produced when saponified hemicellulose-g-PAN was isolated by methanol precipitation and then dried. Larchwood hemicellulose was also graft-polymerized with methyl acrylate using ceric ammonium nitrate initiation, and the hemicellulose-g-poly(methyl acrylate) was extrusion-processed into a tough, leathery plastic. Although ceric ammonium nitrate could be used as an initiator for graft polymerizations onto low-lignin hemicelluloses, it was inert with crude wheat straw hemicellulose containing 11% lignin. The ferrous sulfate-hydrogen peroxide redox system was used to initiate graft polymerizations onto this high-lignin material, and properties of the resulting hemicellulose-g-poly(methyl acrylate) and saponified hemicellulose-g-PAN graft copolymers were evaluated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide-g-polystyrene copolymers by persulfate initiation: Preparation and properties (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2455-2461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280730
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of wheat straw hemicellulose with trifluoroacetic acid. Fermentation of xylose with Pachysolen tannophilus (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1122-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Treatment of wheat straw with 1N trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 7 h at reflux temperature yielded 23% xylose based upon initial straw weight. This corresponds to about an 80% xylose yield based on the xylan content of the hemicellulose. The cellulose component of wheat straw was largely unaffected, as evidenced by low glucose yields. Decomposition of xylose by prolonged refluxing (23 h) was minimal in 1N TFA compared to 1N HCl. Treatment of wheat straw with refluxing 1N TFA converts about 10% of the lignin initially present in straw into water-soluble lignin fragments. Fermentation of the xylose-rich wheat straw hydrolyzate to ethanol with Pachysolen tannophilus was comparable to the fermentation of reagent grade xylose, indicating that furfural and toxic lignin by-products were not produced by 1N TFA in sufficient amounts to impair cell growth and ethanol production. Cellulase treatment of the wheat straw residue after TFA hydrolysis resulted in a 70-75% conversion of the cellulose into glucose.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch and poly(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride). Preparation and testing as flocculating agentsPaper presented at the 158th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 2601-2609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The title monomer (I) has been graft polymerized onto whole wheat starch with both ceric ammonium nitrate and ferrous ammonium sulfate-hydrogen peroxide initiation. Three graft copolymers, which contained 4.5, 12.1, and 15.2% grafted poly(I), were characterized as to molecular weight of grafted branches and grafting frequency. Graft polymerization was proved by fractional precipitation. Graft copolymers were tested as flocculating agents for diatomaceous silica and nonmagnetic iron ore. The graft copolymers with 12.1 and 15.2% grafted poly(I) compared favorably in flocculating ability with a commercial high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070141015
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch with mixtures of acrylamide and the nitric acid salt of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2835-2845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mixtures of acrylamide and the nitric acid salt of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA·HNO3) have been graft polymerized onto unmodified wheat starch with ferrous ammonium sulfate-hydrogen peroxide initiation. Graft polymerizations were carried out with both unswollen starch granules and granules that had been swollen by heating in water to 60°C. Ungrafted synthetic polymers were removed from graft copolymers by cold-water extraction and were characterized by their M̄n and DMAEMA·HNO3 content. Graft copolymers were characterized with respect to per cent add-on, M̄n and DMAEMA·HNO3 content of grafted polymer, and grafting frequency. Ungrafted synthetic polymers contained a mole percentage of DMAEMA·HNO3 equal to or greater than that present in the initial monomer mixtures; whereas in most grafted polymers the mole-% DMAEMA·HNO3 in the grafted branches was less than that in the starting monomers. At all monomer ratios examined, polymer grafted to swollen starch granules contained a higher percentage of DMAEMA·HNO3 then polymer grafted to unswollen starch. The influence of starch granule swelling on the molecular weight and frequency of grafted branches was correlated with the composition of the initial monomer mixture. It was determined that the effect of granule swelling on graft copolymer structure would be minimal when 25-30 mole-% DMAEMA·HNO3 was used. In an acetonitrile-water solvent system, reactions with 20 and 50 mole-% DMAEMA·HNO3 produced graft copolymers with less DMAEMA·HNO3 in grafted branches than corresponding graft polymerizations run in water. The flocculation of 3% aqueous suspensions of diatomaceous silica was examined with selected starch graft copolymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070161110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers by simultaneous 60Co-irradiation of starch, acrylamide, and N,N,N-trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2205-2209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180726
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