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  • Articles  (400)
  • 1980-1984  (214)
  • 1970-1974  (186)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Explorations in economic history. 17:1 (1980:Jan.) 6 
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1971-12-31
    Description: Einige Grundvorstellungen der Quartärgeologie können als Postulate der Vereisungstheorie genannt werden. Es wird versucht, über ein Postulatensystem die Ursachen der Vereisung zu erklären. Dabei ergeben sich drei Fragen: 1. Warum war es im Pliozän und im Quartär bedeutend kälter als vorher? Wahrscheinlich war in dieser Zeit die Wasserzirkulation zwischen dem Atlantischen Ozean und dem Nördlichen Eismeer sehr vermindert, was zur Abkühlung des letzteren führte. Der Aufbau des Island-Faroer-Basaltmassivs führte zur Abschwächung der Zirkulation. Die Abkühlung mußte zwangsläufig zur Vereisung führen. Aber es bleibt unklar, warum die Vereisung der Mittelbreiten erst vor einigen hunderttausend Jahren begann und sogleich große Ausmaße erreichte. In Zusammenhang damit steht die zweite Frage: 2. Was verhinderte die Vereisung der Mittelbreiten während des Zeitabschnitts vor ca. 0,5—3,5 Millionen Jahren? Man kann vermuten, daß in diesem Zeitabschnitt die Regression des Ozeans stattfand und sehr bedeutende Schelfflächen sich in Land umwandelten. Das Land am Platz des Barentmeeres war wahrscheinlich von einem Eisschild eingenommen. Der über ihm herrschende Antizyklon führte zur Vergrößerung der Kontinentalität des Klimas in Nordeuropa. Dort entstanden Verhältnisse, die für den Aufbau eines Eisschildes ungünstig waren. Analoge Verhältnisse herrschen heute im Nordteil von Kanada. Dort verhindert der Antizyklon über dem Grönländischen Eisschild den Eisaufbau. 3. Wie kann man die nachfolgenden glazialen und interglazialen Epochen erklären? Bei dem Sinken der Temperatur auf 1—2° in Skandinavien entsteht ein kleiner Eisschild, über dem sich eine kalte Luftmasse bildet, welche die Umgebung abkühlt. Unter der Wirkung dieser Abkühlung vergrößert sich der Schild. Die Abkühlung erfaßt große Flächen der Erde und löst das Wachstum der Gletscher in Nordamerika und anderen Gebieten aus. Die Bindung großer Wassermengen in den Gletschern führt zur Absenkung des Weltmeeres. Die Schelfflächen werden wieder trocken und es entsteht die Möglichkeit der Wiederherstellung des Barent-Eisschilds. Unter seiner Wirkung nimmt die Zufuhr der Niederschläge auf die östlichen und südöstlichen Bereiche des skandinavischen Eisschildes sehr ab, welcher sich rasch verkleinert. Dieses führt zur Verkleinerung der anderen Eisschilde der Mittelbreiten. Der Meeresspiegel steigt an; es wächst die Intensität der Eisbergbildung an der Grenze des Barent-Eisschilds, der sich auch verkleinert. Es beginnt ein Interglazial, und dadurch entstehen die Bedingungen zur Bildung eines neuen Glazials. Die Aufeinanderfolge von Glazialen und Interglazialen ist ein autozyklischer Prozeß. Die Abkühlungen, die durch periodische Veränderung der Erdbahnelemente bedingt sind (Milankovitch-Kurve), fördern diesen Prozeß. Die Glaziale werden periodisch wiederkehren. Man kann hoffen, daß aufgrund der heute entwickelten Theorie der allgemeinen Zirkulation der Atmosphäre und des Ozeans die Klimate der geologischen Vergangenheit rekonstruiert und auch die Wege der Auswirkung auf das Klima angedeutet werden können. Die vorliegende Theorie mißt den Schwankungen des Niveaus, der Zirkulation, den Temperatur- und Eisverhältnissen des Weltozeans eine große Bedeutung bei. Darum kann sie die ozeanologische Theorie der Vereisung genannt werden.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 18 (1980), S. 493-508 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The potential for superpower confrontation on the Horn of Africa in 1977 and 1978 focused world attention on Somalia. For a few brief months, the popular press published regular accounts of President Siad Barre's military campaign in the Ogaden desert against neighbouring Ethiopia. The U.S. Department of State heralded the rôle of Soviet and Cuban advisers in the conflict. When Somalia ousted the Russian forces and abrogated the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation with the U.S.S.R., the move was interpreted as a major diplomatic setback for Moscow. Now, as quickly as it erupted, the news flow about the Horn has halted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 18 (1980), S. 281-295 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Although the analysis which follows centres upon the West African state of Mali, much of what is said applies in varying measure to other examples of military state capitalism in Africa and elsewhere. Its importance is underscored by the fact that this is an increasingly common régime variant in the Third World. Similarly, domestic militarism has been transformed from an unusual occurrence to a phenomenon which evokes little more than a déjà vu response. Today nearly half of the governments of the ‘South’ are directly or indirectly dominated by the military, whereas three decades ago little more than 15 per cent could be so classified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 11 (1973), S. 671-672 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 10 (1972), S. 525-541 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: There are a wide variety of relationships binding together the states of the modern international community. They are all, to a greater or lesser extent, dependent upon the exchange of various kinds of resources between themselves. These resources include merchandise goods, capital, technology, labour and information. Such exchanges imply a certain amount of reciprocal influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 10 (1972), S. 634-637 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In his recent article on ‘The Uganda Coup – class action by the military’ in this Journal, x, 1, May 1972, Dr Michael F. Lofchie points to two apparent paradoxes in the military takeover: Why did the army move against a regime to which it had previously been loyal? And why, in doing so, did it ally itself with the Ganda ‘civil service and coffee growing elite’ towards which it had shown nothing but hostility in the past? The only adequate explanation, we are told, is that these privileged groups were drawn together by a determination to defend their status against the threat implicit in President Obote's commitment to socialism. Confronted by egalitarian pressures they discovered a basis for common action in a class interest which transcended tribal rivalries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 7 (1973), S. 145-164 
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: British financial interests in China, since 1895, had been closely linked with political and strategic considerations. As the political and financial rivalry between the European powers intensified, the link tightened, becoming increasingly essential for mutual preservation. European finance meant railways, mineral rights, arms, and support for the ailing Manchu Dynasty; it was clear to successive British governments that British political supremacy in China could not survive the passing of such important financial concessions into foreign hands. In 1898, with the international scramble for concessions at its peak, the leading representatives of British finance in China co-operated fully with the Foreign Office to gain the bulk of Chinese railway contracts and concessions. Such respectable British enterprises as the British and Chinese Corporation and the Pekin Syndicate received active diplomatic support at Peking and the encouragement of the Foreign Office in London. Short of actually negotiating financial contracts on behalf of private companies British diplomacy could do little more to improve the competitive standing of these leading British firms vis-à-vis their foreign rivals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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