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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • Epidermis
  • Instrumentation and Photography
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic cytochemistry of the epidermal mucoid cells ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Epidermis ; Golgi apparatus ; Mucoid cells ; Nudibranchia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The epidermal mucoid cells in the cerata ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis were cytochemically tested to determine the composition of their secretory products. The PAS, alcian blue, PA-TSC-SP and high iron diamine stains were used to determine the presence of acidic, sulphated, and periodate-reactive groups on the mucopolysaccharides. The secretory granules in mucoid cells ofA. papillosa consisted of periodate-reactive mucopolysaccharides with acid groups other than sulphates. Each granule also contained fibrils which were not oxidized by periodic acid. The mucoid secretory granules inC. rufibranchialis contained weakly acidic sulphated mucopolysaccharides, but no periodate-reactive polysaccharide groups. In both aeolid nudibranchs the Golgi apparatus at the base of the mucoid cells contained products which stained the same as those in the secretory granules, confirming that the Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of mucoid secretory products. In addition the mucoid cell Golgi complex ofC. rufibranchialis also gave rise to ellipsoid vacuoles which contained sulphated mucopolysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279864
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Golgi apparatus in epidermal mucoid and ellipsoid-vacuolate cells ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis (Nudibranchia) (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 102 (1980), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Golgi apparatus ; Nudibranchia ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The epidermal cell layer of the apical end of the ceras was investigated in two species of aeolid nudibranchs. Based on cellular inclusions, mostly two cell types were found: mucoid and ellipsoid-vacuolate cells. Mucoid cells ofCoryphella rufibranchialis have large heterogeneous and fibrillar secretory granules whereas inAeolidia papillosa, the granules are homogeneous, but vary in electron density from one cell to another. Ellipsoid-vacuolate cells contained large quantities of small vacuoles with an included ellipsoidal structure. Both species contained very numerous ellipsoid-vacuolate cells. Secretory granules and ellipsoid-vacuoles appear to arise from the Golgi apparatus and these contents stain with PAS, suggesting a polysaccharide composition. Mucoid cells contained both secretory granules and ellipsoid-vacuoles which may arise from the same Golgi apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279589
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two new gregarinidaContributions from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, under the direction of E. L. Mark, No. LXXXII. (1897)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 14 (1897), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050140102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional organization of the platelet cytoskeleton during adhesion in vitro: Observations on human and nonhuman primate cells (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 589-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: platelet ; platelet adhesion ; cytoskeleton ; high voltage electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adhesion of platelets in vitro resulted in rapid polymerization of the amorphous cytoplasmic ground substance into an organized cytoskeletal superstructure. This cytoskeleton, characterized through the use of whole-mount and stereo (3-D), high-voltage microscopy in conjunction with morphometrics and cytochemistry, comprised four major size classes of filaments organized in distinctive zones. The central matrix, or granulomere, at the center of the cell mass, was an ill-defined meshwork of 80-100-Å filaments which enshrouded granules, dense bodies, and elements of the dense tubular system as identified through peroxidase cytochemistry. Demarcasting this central matrix was a trabecular zone containing 30-50, 80-100, and 150-170 Å filaments in an open and rigid-appearing lattice. Circumscribing the trabecular zone and extending to the margins of the hyalomere was the third region, the peripheral web, in which 70-Å filaments were arranged in a tight honeycomb lattice. This organizational pattern was retained in cytoskeletons prepared by Triton x-100 extraction of the adherent cells, and was observed in basally located cells of aggregates which formed subsequent to adhesion. Our observations are consistent with biochemical studies of cytoskeletons prepared from suspended platelets and suggest a contractile protein composition for the superstructure during adhesion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970030525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient state kinetic analysis of the dynein ATPase (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020720
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of polyamine limitation in Chinese hamster ovary cells by α-methylornithine (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 107 (1981), S. 413-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture were limited for polyamines through the use of α-methylornithine (αMO), a competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Initial exposure of the cells to the inhibitor caused growth rate and intracellular polyamine content to decline continuously. Reseeding the αMO-treated cells into medium containing the inhibitor resulted in steady-state (exponential) growth at cell densities below 5 × 103 cells/cm2, at a rate approximately twofold slower than untreated cells. Under these conditions, putrescine and spermidine were undetectable and spermine remained relatively constant at a level approximately half that found in untreated cells. Addition of exogenous putrescine elevated the polyamine content and stimulated the growth of αMO-treated cultures. Thus, growth rate correlated with polyamine content in the αMO-treated cells.The growth of reseeded. αMO-treated cells became nonexponential at a density (5 × 103 cells/cm2) far below that at which untreated cells departed from exponential growth (1 × 105 cells/cm2). Medium obtained from high density, αMO-treated cultures inhibited the growth of cells at low density in the presence of αMO. Doubling the concentration of the defined components of conditioned medium did not markedly affect its capacity to inhibit growth. However, dialysis completely removed the inhibitory activity from conditioned medium. The results imply that a low molecular weight inhibitor of growth is produced by polyamine-limited cells. This is a variable that must be controlled in studies with polyamine-limited animal cells.Morphological studies indicated that subcellular organelles, including mitochondria, were largely unaffected by treatment with αMO. The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity in the presence of αMO demonstrates that the swelling of mitochondria observed previously in cells treated with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was not due to polyamine limitation. αMO-treated cells did, however, accumulate numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. The identity of these vacuoles and their relationship to cellular physiology is not yet understood.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041070313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biochemical and ultrastructural effects of tunicamycin and D-glucosamine in L1210 leukemic cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 162-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tunicamycin was found to specifically inhibit the incorporation of a number of sugars into L1210 leukemia cell glycoproteins. This inhibition of glyco-protein biosynthesis led to a cessation of cell growth which was reversible in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After removal of the antibiotic from L1210 cell cultures resumption of sugar incorporation preceded that of thymidine incorporation and the recovery of cell growth. The treatment of cells with tunicamycin resulted in a significant increase in the intracellular pool of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine which occurred concurrently with alterations in cell ultrastructure including distentions of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes. Similar ultrastructural changes and increases in the intracellular pools of UDP-sugars were observed in L1210 cells exposed to 5 mM D-glucosamine, which suggested that the antiproliferative effects of tunicamycin may be related to the accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of one or more nucleotide sugar precursors of asparagine-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. However, the biological effects of tunicamycin could be distinguished from those caused by D-glucosamine. Exposure of L1210 cells to tunicamycin resulted in specific alterations in the biochemical composition of the plasma membrane and in the inhibition of cellular agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin which were not apparent following exposure to equitoxic concentrations of the aminosugar. These studies, together with those which demonstrated that recovery of the cellular capacity to synthesize glycoproteins was obligatory for the recovery of cellular proliferation in tunicamycin-treated cells, suggested that inhibition of the synthesis of glycoproteins was the major factor limiting L1210 leukemic cell proliferation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041140204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tolbutamide on the metabolism of Tetrahymena (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 83 (1974), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tolbutamide partially inhibited the growth but increased the glycogen content of Tetrahymena pyriformis in logarithmically growing cultures. Tolbutamide slightly increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C] and [6-14HC] glucose and [2-14C] pyruvate, but had little effect on the oxidation of [1-14C] acetate when any of these substrates were added to the proteose-peptone medium in which the cells had been grown. Measurement of 14CO2 production from [1-14C] and [2-I4C]-glyoxylate showed that this substrate was primarily oxidized via the glyoxylate cycle, with little if any oxidation occurring via the peroxisomal glyoxylate oxidase. Addition of tolbutamide inhibited the glyoxylate cycle as indicated by a marked reduction in label appearing in CO2 and in glycogen from labeled acetate. In control cells, addition of acetate strongly inhibited the oxidation of [2-14C]-pyruvate whereas addition of pyruvate had little effect on the oxidation of [1-14C]-acetate. Acetate was more effective than pyruvate in preventing the growth inhibitory and glycogen-increasing effects of tolbutamide. The data suggest that one effect of tolbutamide may be to interfere with the transfer of isocitrate and acetyl CoA across mitochondrial membranes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040830215
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine plus a spermidine analog leads to spermine depletion and growth inhibition in cultured L1210 leukemia cells (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 121 (1984), S. 476-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Of the three biological polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), the relevance of Spm to cell proliferation has yet to be defined because of our general inability to deplete it selectively in intact cells. In the present study, Spm depletion was accomplished by treating cultured L1210 cells for 96 hr with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and an analog of Spd such as aminopropylcadaverine. N4-methylSpd, N4-ethylSpd, or homoSpd. DFMO, a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, halts continued polyamine biosynthesis and the Spd analog serves as a functional substitute for Spd. Thus, while the Spd analog fulfills the role(s) of Spd in cell proliferation, Spm becomes steadily depleted. In cells treated with DFMO plus the analog, aminopropylcadaverine, Spm pools decline steadily and growth inhibition occurs after 48 hr (when Spm pools decline to 60% of control). By 96 hr, Spm is ∼ 15% of control and growth is 〈 30%. Prevention studies with exogenous polyamines confirm a causai relationship between Spm depletion and growth inhibition. The critical levels of polyamines for cell proliferation to take place were found to be 30% of control for Spd and 60% for Spm. The use of DFMO plus a Spd analog is proposed as a system for studying the cellular consequences of Spm depletion. Spd depletion can be achieved for comparison purposes by treating cells with DFMO alone.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041210305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro proliferation and differentiation of hemic precursor cells from marrow and blood of naturally chimeric marmosetsSupported in part by United States Public Health Service grant R01 AMO 9289-04,05 AIB from the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 79 (1972), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Marmosets are unique in that they are “always” blood cell chimeras. When the nucleated cells from the bone marrow and from the peripheral blood of marmosets were incubated in the appropriate culture fluid they were shown capable of extensive proliferation in vitro. Two patterns of cellular proliferation, adherent and nonadherent, occurred in the same culture vessel. Repeated passage of nonadherent cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with calf serum resulted in relatively long-term fluid bulk cultures showing myelocytic differentiation and megakaryocytic maturation. As myelocytic maturation became the predominant feature of cultures mitoses of the precursors diminished. About half of 41 marrow-derived cultures underwent extensive proliferation lasting about two months, as evidenced by an increasing cellularity and the presence of dividing cells. Such active growth occurred in one culture for over 120 days. The natural blood-cell chimerism of marmosets was demonstrated in vitro by cytogenetic analyses of metaphases from four relatively long term marrow cultures. The ratios of male and female cells remained either relatively stable or changed slowly with time in culture. Cells having both diploid and polyploid number of chromosomes were identified male or female, suggesting chimerism in myelocytic and megakaryocytic series. Marmoset lymph node and spleen cells proliferated as lymphoid cultures for various lengths of time up to five weeks but these cells did not differentiate into hemic cell lines. Attempts to culture human and rodent hemic tissue by the procedure used on marmoset tissue were unsuccessful.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040790104
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