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  • Articles  (16)
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Physical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1925-1929
  • Computer Science  (16)
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  • Articles  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 3 (1972), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The design of circular type cellular cofferdams is formulated as a nonlinear optimization model that takes explicit account of relevant economic and technologic aspects. The objective is minimization of total expected cost. The constraints arise from stability critera to protect against failures due to slipping of the sheet piles on the river side and interlock stresses at the joint. A solution achieved with geometric programming techniques, yields optimal cell sizes and design heights. The geometric programming approach provides important design insights by yielding the proportions of the total cost to be assigned to the cost components, fill material, sheet piling and flooding in an optimal design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The human pupillary control system is a paradigm for linearized biological control systems. It also exhibits a series of interesting nonlinear behaviors, particularly asymmetry, “pupillary escape”, and “pupillary capture.” We present a nonlinear model in which a signal dependent upon pupil size is fed back internally to cause a change in system parameters related to gains and rates of light adaptation. The model was simulated on a digital computer, a variety of experimental data was well matched, and improvements over previous pupil models demonstrated. A candidate physiological mechanism for adaptive components of the model might have the form of an inverse “Henneman coded” neuronal pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 41 (1981), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is presented and investigated using experimental results on head movement trajectories and neck muscle EMG. The controller signals, structured in accordance with time optimal control theory, are parameterized, and controller signal parameter variations show a dominating influence on different aspects of the head movement trajectory. The model fits the common head acceleration types over a wide range of amplitudes, and also less common (dynamic overshoot) trajectories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 45 (1982), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present new experimental results that show pupillary noise to be multiplicative in a particular fashion with greatest variance in midrange and smaller variance at high and low ranges. This confirms the finding of multiplicative noise by Stanten and Stark (1966), but modifies and extends the relationship they suggested between standard deviation and mean pupil diameter. We propose a parametric model of the iris muscle which not only describes the static characteristics of pupil response to given stimuli, but also explains its random fluctuations in terms of probability density functions. We emphasize the point that the range nonlinearity is not due to decreased gain at the extrema of the pupil range, but is operational over a wide portion of the pupillary behavioral range, hence its name — “expansive range nonlinearity”. We conclude that noise amplitude, which is a function of the pupil diameter, closely parallels the changes in deterministic gain. Thus pupil noise can be simply considered as cross-talk additive Gaussian noise injected into the pupil system at midbrain level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 41 (1981), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is analyzed using an extended parameter sensitivity analysis and a global optimization algorithm. The sensitivity analysis is used in both the direct sense, as a model fitting tool, and in the indirect sense, as a guide to experimental design. Resolution is defined in terms of the sensitivity table, and is used to interpret the sensitivity results. Using sensitivity analyses, the head and eye movement systems are compared and contrasted. Controller signal parameters are the most influential. Their variations and effects on head movement trajectories and accelerations are investigated, and the conclusions are compared with clinical neurological findings. The global optimization algorithm, in addition to automating the fitting of various types of data, is combined with time optimality theory to give theoretical time-optimal inputs to the model.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Although eye movement saccades are stereotyped, repeatable movements, the shape of the neural controller signal innervating the extraocular muscles is a matter of controversy. Different lines of evidence — single motoneuron recordings, electromyograms, and dynamics — lead to different conclusions. Although all agree that the controller is, in outline, a pulse-step of net activity, neither the pulse width nor shape of the trailing edge of the pulse is clear. We use a mathematical model of the eye and two extraocular muscles to link the dynamical data to the electrophysiological evidence. We conjecture a multipulse controller signal, based on the application of an optimality principle to our model. This multi-pulse controller signal raises new possibilities for resolution of the pulse shape ambiguities, and resolves the controversy over pulse width.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 9-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We compare model trajectories driven by different orders of controller signals to statistics on shapes of human saccadic eye movements. The commonly recorded dynamic overshoot must be driven by a multipulse controller signal, but multipulse controller signals need not always produce observable dynamic overshoots. Thus it is possible that a single strategy — multipulse control — produces all saccades, but that the strategy is not always apparent in the recorded movements.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We apply minimum time as an optimality criterion for human saccadic eye movements. This constrains the class of admissable controller signals to those taking only their maximum and minimum values. We then assume set numbers of switchings between maximum and minimum for each extraocular muscle, and explore the space of switching times to find the fastest model-generated trajectory, for each number of switches. We find that controller signals with bursts of antagonist “braking” activity cause much faster movements than do simple pulse-step patterns, and that signals with an extra pulse of agonist innervation produce still faster movements. The slight increase in speed for still more pulses is at the expense of unreasonably short final pulses. The use of the global optimization algorithm confirms and extends our previous study of multipulse control using a parallel processor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 13 (1984), S. 219-236 
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Algebra ; terms ; syntax ; semantics ; fixed-point ; finite state automata ; recursion ; functional language
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This expository paper examines combinatory algebra and the lambda calculus as foundations for functional languages (LISP, FP, KRC, etc.,). The basic notions are defined and numerous examples are given. Historical comments and references are provided.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1983-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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