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  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (385)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1980-1984  (472)
  • 1975-1979  (434)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 461 (1980), S. 222-230 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative „Softness“ Parameter und ihre Anwendung in der Strukturaufklärung von Bimetalltetracyanat-Komplexen〉2M(NCS)2M′(SCN)2〈 und [Ml6][M′(SCN)4], (M = COII und NiII; M′ = ZnII, CdII und HgII, L = Anilin, p-Toluidin, Pyridin, Nicotinamid, 2,2′-Bipyridin und 4-Aminopyridin) wurden dargestellt und charackterisiert. Die Strukturen werden auf Grund von Leitfähigkeits-, magnetischen und spektroskopischen (IR und VIS) Messungen, sowie durch gruppentheoretische Berechnungen und Ligandenfeldparametern vorgeschlagen. Diese Strukturvorschläge werden gestützt durch quantitative „Softness“ - Werte „\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +},{\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_{\rm +}^{\rm +}} $\end{document}“. Die totale „Softness“ von M und M′ und ihre Differenz \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}'} \right) $\end{document} wurden abgeleitet (Gleichungen siehe Abstract) und mit der Struktur der Komplexe in Verbindung gebracht.
    Notes: 〉2M(NCS)2M′(SCN)2〈 and [ML6][M′(SCN)4], (M = Co(II) and Ni(II), M′ = Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and L = aniline(ani), p-toluidine(tol), pyridine(py), nicotinamide(nia), 2,2′-bipyridine(bipy) and 4-aminopyridine (apy)) have been prepared and characterized. Their structure have been proposed on the basis of molar conductance, magnetic moment, group theoretical calculations, ligand field parameters, infrared and electronic spectral studies. The proposed structures have also been supported by quantitative values of softness „\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +},{\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_{\rm +}^{\rm +}} $\end{document}“,. Total softness of M and M′ and their difference \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}'} \right) $\end{document} have also been derived by the following equations and related to the structure of the complexes. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) = {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm L} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm NCS}} \right) $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right) = {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm L} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm SCN}} \right) $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}^\prime} \right) = \,|\,{\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) - {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right)$$\end{document}.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The various manifestations of energetic particles in solar flares are examined, and possible mechanisms for the acceleration of these particles are considered. Hard X-ray observations and possible mechanisms for the production of the dominant form of solar energetic particles, electrons with energies between 10 and 100 keV, are discussed, with consideration of thin-target models, thick-target models and thick-target models with reverse currents, and first-phase acceleration mechanisms for energetic electrons emitting impulsive microwave and fast-drift Type III radio bursts as well as impulsive hard X rays, which are detected themselves 20 min after the flare at 1 AU are considered. Radio evidence on the number, energy and pitch-angle distributions of energetic particles produced during solar flares is summarized, and observations at 1 AU of proton and electron energy spectra, the proton/electron ratio and energetic particle events rich in He-3 from solar flares are discussed. Finally, consideration is given to gamma-ray evidence of nuclear reactions in flares and white-light flares
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The recent direct observational evidence for the acceleration of particles in solar flares, i.e. radio emission, bremsstrahlung X-ray emission, gamma-ray line and continuum emission, as well as direct observations of energetic electrons and ions, are discussed and intercorrelated. At least two distinct phases of acceleration of solar particles exist that can be distinguished in terms of temporal behavior, type and energy of particles accelerated and the acceleration mechanism. Bulk energization seems the likely acceleration mechanism for the first phase while Fermi mechanism is a viable candidate for the second one.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79660 , Jan 01, 1976 - Dec 31, 1977; Boulder, CO; United States
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 163-172 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Kristallchemie der ternären Silicate und Germanate mit Alkali (Na+, K+)- und Erdalkali (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)-KationenDie Darstellung von neuen ternären Silicat- und Germanat-Phasen mit großen Alkali- und Erdalkalikationen wird beschrieben. Sie wurden durch Festkörperreaktion von Mischungen der Carbonate bzw. Oxalate mit SiO2 bzw. GeO2 oder durch Schmelzen und anschließende Rekristallisation des Glases erhalten.Vertreter der kubischen M4+M2+X3O9-Familie sind Na4CaSi3O9 und die isostrukturellen Verbindungen K4CaGe3O9, K4SrGe3O9, K4CaSi3O9 und K4SrSi3O9. K4BaSi3O9 ist pseudokubisch; die Symmetrie des Na4SrSi3O9 ist unbekannt. Zur rhomboedrischen M8+M2+X10O25-Familie gehören K8CaSi10O25, K8SrSi10O25 und K8BaSi10O25.Na2CaGe2O6 und Na2SrGe2O6 sind isostrukturell, aber strukturell nicht mit Na2BaSi2O6 verwandt. Na2Ba2Ge2O7 und Na2Ba2Si2O7 sind strukturell ähnlich.
    Notes: The synthesis of new ternary silicate and germanate phases containing large alkali and alkaline-earth cations is described. They are made by solid-state reaction of mixtures of carbonates or oxalates with SiO2 or GeO2, or by fusion and subsequent recrystallization of the glass.Representatives of the cubic M4+M2+X3O9 family include Na4CaSi3O9 and the isostructural compounds K4CaGe3O9, K4SrGe3O9 and K4SrSi3O9. K4BaSi3O9 is pseudocubic: the symmetry of Na4SrSi3O9 is unknown. The rhombohedral M8+M2+X10O25 family includes K8CaSi10O25, K8SrSi10O25 and K8BaSi10O25.Na2CaGe2O6 and Na2SrGe2O6 are isostructural but both are structurally unrelated to Na2BaSi2O6. Na2Ba2Ge2O7 and Na2Ba2Si2O7 are structurally similar.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 423 (1976), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen an MM″ (NCS)4-Komplexen (M = NiII, FeII, ZnII; M″ = HgII, ZnII)Komplexe des Typs MM′(NCS)4 · xL M = NiII, FeII, ZnII; M″ = HgII, ZnII; x = 2, 4, 6; L = Nicotinamid (nia), Isonicotinsaiurehydroxid (inh) 2-Aminopyrimidin (2apm)] wurden dargestellt und charakterisiert durch Elementaranalyse, molare Leitfähigkeit, magnetisches Moment, IR- und Elektronenspektren.
    Notes: Coordination complexes of the type MM″(NCS)4 · xL M = Ni(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), M″ = Hg(II), Zn(II), x = 2, 4, 6 and L = nicotinamide (nia), 3-cyanopyridine (3-cpy), 4-cyanopyridine (4cpy), 4-aminopyridine (4apy), isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), 2-aminopyrimidine (2apm)l have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, infrared and electronic spectral studies. Molar conductance data of NiZn(NCS), complexes are equivalent to 1:1 electrolyte. The infrared spectral studies indicate that only bridged thiocyanate groups are present in the complexes of the type NiHg(SCN)4 · 4L [L=3 and 4cpy, inh] and FeHg(SCN)4 · 2L [L = nia, 2apm], whereas both bridged and terminal thiocyanates are present in the complexes of the type NiHg(SCN)4 · 4L [L = nia, 3apy and ZnHg(SCN)4 · 2(inh). BOHR magneton values and electronic spectral data indicate an octahedral environment around nickel and iron in their complexes. Symmetry and group theory have also been used to establish the structure of the complexes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 449 (1979), S. 25-40 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vanadiumoxid Monoschichtkatalysatoren. I. Darstellung, Charakterisierung und thermische StabilitätDurch Chemisorption von Vanadat(V)-Anionen aus wäßrigen Lösungen, bzw. Chemisorption von gasförmigem V2O3(OH)4 wurden Vanadinoxidkatalysatoren des Monoschichttyps dargestellt. Mit Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, CeO2, und ZrO2 als Trägeroxiden, können Katalysatoren mit einer ungefähr vollständigen monomolekularen Schicht von Vanadin(V)-Oxid auf den Trägeroxiden dargestellt werden, falls die Temperatur nicht zu hoch ist. Zweiwertige Metalloxide wie z. B. CdO und ZnO können schon bei niedriger Temperatur dreidimensionale Oberflächenvanadate bilden.Die thermische Stabilität eines Monoschichtkatalysators ist verbunden mit dem Parameter z/a: dem Quotient der Ladung des Trägerkations und der Summe der Ionenradien von Trägerkation und Oxidanion. Monoschichten werden thermisch nur stabil sein, falls z/a nicht zu groß (aggregierter Katalysator) und nicht zu klein (Bildung einer ternären Verbindung) ist.
    Notes: Vanadium oxide catalysts of the monolayer type have been prepared by means of chemisorption of vanadate(V)-anions from aqueous solutions and by chemisorption of gaseous V2O3(OH)4. Using Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, CeO2 and ZrO2, catalysts with an approximately complete monomolecular layer of vanadium(V) oxide on the carrier oxides can be prepared, if temperature is not too high. Divalent metal oxides like CdO and ZnO may already form threedimensional surface vanadates at moderate temperature.The thermal stability of a monolayer catalyst is related to the parameter z/a, i. e. the ratio of the carrier cation charge to the sum of ionic radii of carrier cation and oxide anion. Thus, monolayer catalysts will be thermally stable only under the condition that z/a is not too high (aggregated catalyst) nor too small (ternary compound formation).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 466 (1980), S. 232-236 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxo-peroxocomplexes of Vanadium(V)The complexes K[VO(O2)2H2O], K3[VO(O2)2CO3], K3[VO(O2)2C2O4], and K3[VO(O2)(C2O4)2] · H2O have been prepared. On the basis of the composition and the IR spectra it is supposed, that the anions are monomeric with the pentagonal pyramidal or pentagonal bipyramidal structure.
    Notes: Die Komplexe K[VO(O2)2H2O], K3[VO(O2)2CO3], K3[VO(O2)2C2O4] und K3[VO(O2)(C2O4)2] · H2O wurden dargestellt. Zusammensetzung und IR-Spektren der Verbindungen lassen auf eine monomere, pentagonal-pyramidale oder pentagonal-bipyramidale Konfiguration der Anionen schließen.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Oxide Catalysts. XXXVI. Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Silica-AluminaThe effect of thermal treatment up to 500°C on silica-alumina was studied by i.r. investigation in the lattice vibration region and the condensation degree of the silicate fragments in the silica-alumina was characterized using the molybdato method. The results of both methods demonstrate the proton form of the amorphous alumosilicates to be thermal instable and to undergo extraction of the aluminium from the alumosilicate lattice. The consequences resulting from this process on the catalytic efficiency of silica-alumina in the cracking reaction of cumene are discussed.
    Notes: Durch IR-Untersuchungen im Bereich der Festkörperschwingungen und durch die Bestimmung des Kondensationsgrades der Kieselsäurefragmente röntgenamorpher Al2O3-SiO2-Festkörper mit der Molybdatmethode wird der Einfluß einer thermischen Behandlung bis 500°C an röntgenamorphen Alumosilicaten verfolgt. Die Ergebnisse beider Methoden belegen übereinstimmend, daß die Protonenform röntgenamorpher Alumosilicate instabil ist und bei der thermischen Behandlung unter Herauslösen von Aluminium aus dem Alumosilicatgerüst reagiert. Es werden die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für die katalytische Wirksamkeit der Al2O3-SiO2-Festkörper in der Cumenspaltung diskutiert.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 457 (1979), S. 238-240 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Hg5TeCl8In schwefelsaurer Lösung reagiert HgTe mit überschüssigen Quecksilber(II)-Ionen unter Bildung löslicher kationischer mehrkerniger Komplexe. Die Verbindungen Hg5TeCl8 und Hg4Te(SO4)3 werden dargestellt und beschrieben.
    Notes: Telluride ion forms polynuclear soluble cationic complexes with excess Hg(II) in sulphuric acid media. Compounds Hg5TeCl8 and Hg4Te(SO4)3 were prepared and characterised.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 473 (1981), S. 224-230 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetik und mechanismus der oxydation von diaqua(nitrilotriacetato)-cobaltat(II) durch peroxodisulfat in wäßrigsauren lösungenDie Kinetik der Oxydation von CoII-NTA durch Peroxodisulfat (S2O82-) in saurem Medium photometrisch untersucht. Die Stöchiometrie der Reaktion ist: 2CoII-NTA- + S2O82- → 2CoIII-NTA + 2SO42-. Im pH-Bereich 4,2 - 5,4 folgt die Reaktion dem Geschwindigkeitsgesetz [H+] und [S2O82-] sind die Wasserstoff- bzw. Peroxodisulfationen-Konzentration, KH ist die Dissoziationskonstante des CoII(NTA)H und kH ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante für den Elektronenübergang. Die Aktivierungsparameter werden mitgeteilt und der mögliche Mechanismus für den Elektronenübergang wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of CoII - NTA by the peroxodisulfate ion (S2O82-) in acidic media have been studied spectrophotometrically. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 2[CoII(NTA)]- + S2O82- → 2CoIII-NTA + 2SO42-. In the pH range (4.2 - 5.4), the reaction fol- lows the rate law, where [H+] and [S2O82-] denote the hydrogen ion and peroxodisulfate ion concentration respectively, KH is the pre-equilibrium protonation constant, and kH is the rate constant for the electron-transfer process. Activation parameters are reported and possible mechanism for the electron-transfer process in discussed.
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