ALBERT

Notes: Glyphosate was applied to Cyperus rotundus L. in combination with a range of other herbicides and certain non-herbicidal additives. Most herbicides tended to have an antagonistic effect with glyphosate, especially those which inhibit photosynthesis. On the other hand 2,4-D amine and aminotriazole showed at least additive and sometimes synergistic effects. Striking activation was obtained with ammonium sulphate added at rates between 1·25 and 10 kg/ha. Other compounds causing almost equal activation were several ammonium phosphates, ammonium butyl-phosphate and urea. The activity of glyphosate on C. rotundus was considerably greater when applied 3 weeks after planting than at 9 weeks. The activation was also greater at 3 weeks but was still apparent at 9 weeks.Lutte contre le Cyperus rotundus avec el glyphosate: influence du sulfate d’ammonium et d'autres adjuvantsLe glyphosate a été appliqué au Cyperus rotundus L. en association avec une série d'autres herbicides et certains adjuvants non-herbicides. La plupart des herbicides manifestèrent un effet antagoniste avec le glyphosate, particulièrement ceux qui inhibent la photosynthèse. D'autre part, le 2,4-D sel d'amine et l'aminotriazole montrérent des effets au moins additifs et quelquefois synergiques. Une activation frappante fut obtenue avec le sulfate d'ammonium ajoutéà des doses comprises entre 1,25 et 10 kg/ha. D'autres produits ont provoqué une activation à peu près équivalente: plusieurs phosphates d'ammonium, le butylphosphate d'ammonium et l'urée. L'efficacité du glyphosate sur C. rotundus a été considérablement plus élevée lorsqu'il a été appliqué 3 semaines après plantation, au lieu de 9 semaines. L'activation fut aussi plus grande à 3 semaines, mais était encore apparente à 9 semaines.Bekämpfung von Cyperus rotundus mit Glyphosate: Der Einfluss von Ammoniumsulfat und anderen Zusätzen Cyperus rotundus L. wurde mit Glyphosate in Kombination mit einer Reihe anderer Herbizide und bestimmter nicht-herbizider Zusätze behandelt. Die meisten Herbizide zeigten mit Glyphosate die Tendenz einer antagonistischen Wirkung, insbesondere solche, die die Photosynthese hemmen. Andererseits wirkten 2,4-D-Amin und Aminotriazol zumindest additiv und manchmal auch synergistisch. Eine beeindruckende Aktivierung wurde mit Ammoniumsulfat bei Aufwandmengen zwischen 1·25 und 10 kg/ha erreicht. Andere Verbindungen, die eine fast gleichwertige Aktivierung bewirkten, waren verschiedene Ammoniumphosphate, Ammoniumbutylphosphat und Harnstoff. Die Aktivität von Glyphosate war beträchtlich höher, wenn es 3 Wochen, statt 9 Wochen nach dem Pflanzen angewendet wurde. Die Steigerung war zwar nach 3 Wochen grösser, war aber auch noch nach 9 Wochen festzustellen.

Notes: Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) cv.DZ-01- 354 was sprayed at one-, three-, four-, five- and six-leaf stages with 2.4-D (amine salt) and MCPA (potassium salt) each at 0.75 and 1.5 kg a.e. ha−1. Teff was also grown in different temperature regimes to see the relation between apical and vegetative development. Photomicrographs were made to determine the stage of development of the growing point and dry matter measurements were made to assess the effects of the herbieide. Teff sprayed at the one leaf stage was killed by both herbieides. At the three- and four-leaf stages 2, 4-D at both rates and MCPA at 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 caused severe leaf deformities and reduced dry weights. Less severe effects were noted at the five-leaf stage indicating that teff was then more tolerant to these herbicides. This coincided with a fully elongated shoot apex. However, when sprayed at the six-leaf stage there was evidence of herbicide-induced panicle deformities. Teff was more susceptible to 2, 4-D than to MCPA and both affected the roots more than the shoots. A close correlation was found between leaf number and the development of shoot apex under all the different temperature and day length conditions.

Notes: A series of synthetic germination stimulants for the plant parasites Striga and Orobanche has been prepared. These compounds, analogues of the natural Striga germination stimulant, strigol (I), (Cook et al., 1966, 1972) cause signiticant germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seed at concentrations as low as 10−9 M, and an even greater activity against species of Orobanche has been demonstrated. Initial outdoor box trials of the compounds against Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze. in Hyderabad, India, have shown a reduction of up to 65% of the seed after a single treatment of the soil 6 weeks before the planting of the sorghum host.

Notes: The nutrient composition of Spring and Fall lambs were investigated. Seven retail cuts from carcasses of lambs raised under commercial conditions, and representing two age groups (4–4½ mo and 8–9 mo) were analyzed in both raw and cooked form. Separable lean meat was analyzed for proximate composition, 8 vitamins, 8 inorganic nutrients, cholesterol and 12 fatty acids. Except for moisture, total lipid, riboflavin, niacin, Zn and Fe, there were no practical differences in nutrients between cuts or age groups. Thiamin had the lowest cooking retention with a range of 29.0-63.5%.

Notes: Comparisons were made between 12 Barbados Blackbelly and 12 St. Croix ram lambs (hair types) and 10 Florida Native and 12 crossbred ram lambs (wooled types) for growth, carcass characteristics and sensory panel evaluation scores. In addition, 14 predominantly hair and 14 predominantly wooled crossbred ram lambs were compared for carcass characteristics and sensory panel evaluation scores. The hair sheep had a lower rate of gain than the wooled types. The wooled breeds and predominantly wooled crossbreds were heavier and graded higher than the hair breeds and predominantly hair types. The sensory panel found the meat acceptable (tenderness, juiciness, flavor and acceptability) from all breeds.