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  • 1985-1989  (28)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New thermosetting resins were prepared by crosslinking of 2,4,6-tris[4-(maleimido) phenoxy]-s-triazine (TM) or 2,4-bis[4-(maleimido) phenoxy]-6-diethoxyphosphinyl-s-triazine (BM) in presence of various aromatic di- or tri-amines. The maleimide-amine adducts initiated thermal polymerization at lower temperature than did the corresponding neat maleimides. The thermal stability of cured resins was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The cured resins derived from the maleimide-amine adducts were less thermally stable than those of the corresponding neat maleimides. The initial decomposition temperature of the polymers obtained from the maleimide-amine adducts was not remarkably influenced by the chemical structure of the aromatic amine utilized.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 1867-1879 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: New epoxy compounds bearing azomethine linkages were synthesized and characterized. A series of epoxy derivatives of bis(azomethine)s (2a - d) was synthesized by reacting an aromatic diamine with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in a 1:2 mole ratio to afford the corresponding bis(azomethine)s (1a - d), and subsequent reaction with excess 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane in presence of a quarternary ammonium bromide as catalyst. In addition, epoxy compounds 4a, b and 5b were synthesized by reacting 1,4-benzenedicarbaldehyde with 4-aminophenol, 4-aminobenzoic acid or 5-aminoisophthalic acid in a 1:2 mole ratio and then with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. The epoxy compounds were characterized by elemental analyses as well as by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All epoxy compounds were thermally polymerized in the presence of 4,4′-sulfonyl dianiline (6). The polymerization was investigated by DTA. The thermal stabilities of the resulting polymers were evaluated by dynamic TG and isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA). The polymers derived from diepoxy compounds are stable in nitrogen up to 293-340°C and afford an anaerobic char yield of 43-62% at 800°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2657-2672 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of new polymer precursors such as bismaleimides, bisnadimides, and bismethylnadimides chain-extended by N,N′-substituted ureas was synthesized and characterized. They were prepared by reacting a diamine containing ureylene linkages with maleic/nadic/methylnadic anhydride. Another alternative method for preparing these monomers included reaction of a diamine (1 mol) with an equimolar amount of maleic/nadic/methylnadic anhydride, subsequent reaction with a diisocyanate (0.5 mol) followed by cyclodehydration of the itermediate diamic acid. The monomers were characterized by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Their thermal polymerization was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermal stability of the polymers was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA). No weight loss was observed when the polymers containing arylureas in their backbone were heated up to 324-334°C in nitrogen or air atmospheres. Their anaerobic char yield at 800°C fluctuated between 41 and 61%.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Novel phosphorus-containing homopolyimides, homopolyamides, and homopolyureas were prepared by reacting 2,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-6-diethoxyphosphinyl-s-triazine (BADT) with pyromellitic or benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, terephthaloyl chloride, and tolylene diisocyanate, respectively. In addition, the corresponding copolymers that contained approximately 3% phosphorus were prepared by reacting BADT and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone with the aforementioned reagents. These polymers were characterized by inherent viscosity measurements, infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy as well as by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their thermal properties were compared with those of the corresponding nonphosphorylated polymers. The copolymers were stable up to 233-272°C in nitrogen or air atmosphere. The homopolymers showed a relatively lower thermal stability. Furthermore, a model diimide, diamide, and diurea were synthesized from the reactions of BADT with phthalic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, and phenyl isocyanate, respectively. The physical and thermal characteristics of these model compounds were correlated with those of the corresponding homopolymers.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 691-702 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel class of bismaleimides, biscitraconimides, and bisdichloromaleimides chain-extended by pyromellitimide was prepared and characterized by infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These polymer precursors were prepared by reacting maleic/citraconic/dichloromaleic anhydride (1 mol) with an equimolar amount of a diamine and subsequently with pyromellitic dianhydride (0.5 mol). The tetraamic acid formed was cyclodehydrated by chemical or thermal means. The curing behavior of polymer precursors was investigated by differential thermal analysis. Bismaleimide was thermally polymerized at a relatively higher temperature than the corresponding biscitraconimide and at lower temperature than bisdichloromaleimide. The curing temperature of monomers fluctuated between 209 and 318°C. Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis of the cured aromatic resins showed that they were approximately stable up to 370°C both in nitrogen and air. Their char yield was 53-63% at 800°C under anaerobic conditions. The relative thermal stability of the cured resins, with respect the diamine utilized for imidization, was of the order p-phenylenediamine 〉 4-aminophenyl ether 〉 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane 〉 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone 〉 hexamethylenediamine. In addition, the thermal and thermooxidative stability of polymers was ascertained by isothermal gravimetric analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 885-900 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New phosphorus-containing homopolyurethanes were synthesized by reacting various diisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, methylenebis(4-phenylisocyanate) and hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate with 1,4-bis[(dialkoxyphosphinyl)hydroxymethyl]benzene (BDAB). In addition, copolyurethanes containing approximately 3% phosphorus were prepared by copolymerization of these diisocyanates with an equimolar amount of BDAB - hydroquinone mixture. BDAB was less reactive towards diisocyanates than hydroquinone due to the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of the phosphinyl groups. The polymers synthesized were characterized by inherent viscosity measurements as well as by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic examination of polymers did not provide evidence for crosslinking by allophanate groups. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies of polymers revealed that the incorporation of BDAB in polyurethanes altered their thermal decomposition mode by increasing the exothermicity due to pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of polymers showed that the phosphorus-containing homopolyurethanes and copolyurethanes were thermally less stable than the corresponding common polyurethanes but afforded higher char yields. Determination of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values showed that the phosphorus-containing copolyurethanes exhibited a higher fire resistance than that of common polyurethanes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 245-262 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seven new structurally different bismaleimides were synthesized and characterized by infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chain of these polymer precursors was extended by incorporating amidized, imidized, and esterified 4-chloroformyl phthalic anhydride. The bismaleimides containing amide and imide linkages were prepared by a simple synthetic route based on the reaction of the monomaleamic acid derived from various aromatic diamines (1 mol) with 4-chloroformyl phthalic anhydride (0.5 mol) and subsequent cyclodehydration of the intermediate triamic acid. In addition, chain extended bismaleimides were prepared by reacting the monomaleamic acid derived from p-phenylenediamine with several dianhydrides such as p-phenylene bis(trimellitamide anhydride), p-phenylene bis(trimellitate anhydride), and bis-phenol A bis(trimellitate anhydride). The differential thermal analysis scans of bismaleimides showed exotherms at 221-304°C associated with their polymerization reactions. The thermogravimetric analysis traces of polymers did not show a weight loss up to 351-393 and 344-372°C in N2 and air atmospheres, respectively. The anaerobic char yield of polymers at 800°C was 44-61%. These polymers can be used for fabrication of composites having improved properties.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 583-593 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel class of linear poly(dialkoxyphosphinyl-s-triazine)s were prepared by interfacial or solution polycondensation reactions of various diamines such as ethylenediamine, hexamethy-lenediamine or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane with 2-dialkoxyphosphinyl-4,6-dichloro-s-triazines. The latter were synthesized by reacting cyanuric chloride with an equimolar amount of trialkyl phosphite. The phosphorous-containing polymers were characterized by inherent viscosity measurements as well as by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of polymers were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pyrolysis of all polymers was exothermic. Polymers were stable up to 150-200°C both in nitrogen and air atmosphere. They afforded 16-42% char yield at 700°C under anaerobic conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1885-1902 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several new phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated maleimide or nadimide systems containing s-triazine rings were synthesized. Their synthesis was accomplished by simple methods utilizing readily available and relatively inexpensive starting materials. All polymer precursors were characterized by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. They were thermally polymerized to heat-resistant laminating resins. Thermal characterization of monomers and their cured resins was achieved using differential thermal analysis (DTA), dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA). The cured resins were stable up to 304-330°C both in nitrogen and air atmospheres and formed anaerobic char yield 49-59% at 800°C. The phosphorylated polymers showed a lower temperature of initial weight loss but afforded higher anaerobic char yield than did the corresponding nonphosphorylated polymers. The thermal properties of the polymers were correlated with their chemical structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2811-2825 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six new structurally different bismaleimides or bisnadimides based on 2,5-bis(4-aminophenyl)-3,4-diphenylthiophene (BADT) were synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Chain-extension of several bismaleimides was accomplished by incorporating various imide, amide, and urea groups. The bismaleimide and bisnadimide prepared by reacting BADT with maleic or nadic anhydride, respectively, were soluble in various organic solvents. The monomers were thermally polymerized or by a Michael reaction with certain aromatic diamines. Curing behavior was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of polymers was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA). The polymers derived from bismaleimide of BADT as well as from the bismaleimides chain-extended by imide groups were stable up to 355-392°C in N2 or air and afforded anaerobic char yield 66-74% at 800°C. The polymers obtained by curing the bismaleimide-diamine adducts showed a relatively lower thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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