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  • 1985-1989  (32)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 39 (1988), S. 550-572 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fracture behaviour of fiber-reinforced materials is studied in this paper. Using a simple shear lag model, which includes friction at the debonded interface and the Poisson contraction of the fiber, the fiber-matrix debonding problem is solved. This gives the relationship between debonding load and debonded length. Interfacial friction is shown to have a significant effect on the debonding load. The fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced materials due to fiber debonding, frictional dissipation at fibre-matrix interface following debonding and other micro-fracture mechanisms is discussed with reference to strong and weak fibres. Finally, the strength and toughness of short fibre-reinforced materials are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 1634-1644 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The failure mechanisms of several epoxy polymers (including pure, rubber- and particulatemodified, as well as rubber/particulate hybrid epoxies) were investigated over a wide range of strain rates (10−6 to 102 sec−1) and temperatures (−80 to 60° C). A substantial variation in fracture toughness, GIc, with rate was observed at both very high and very low strain rates. Under impact testing conditions, GIc for both pure and rubber-modified epoxies displayed peaks at about 23 and −80° C which appeared to correlate with the corresponding size of the crack tip plastic zone. In order to explain these rate and temperature-dependent GIc results, two separate crack blunting mechanisms were proposed: thermal blunting due to crack tip adiabatic heating and plastic blunting associated with shear yield/flow processes. Thermal blunting was found to occur in the pure- and rubber-modified epoxies under all impact testing conditions and temperatures above 0° C. For temperatures below −20° C under impact conditions, the fracture toughness is dependent on viscoelastic loss processes and not thermal blunting. Plastic blunting was predominant at very slow strain rates less than 10−2 sec−1 for the pure- and rubber-modified epoxies and at impact strain rates for the fibre and hybrid epoxies. Microstructural studies of fracture surfaces provided some essential support for the two proposed crack blunting mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1987), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3671-3677 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The time-dependent strength behaviour of a partially stabilized zirconia ceramic (Mg-PSZ) when subjected to constant static and cyclic stresses as well as constant stress rates is analysed in terms of a statistical fracture mechanics model given earlier by the authors. Given the lifetimes for either constant static stresses or constant stress rates it is possible to estimate the lifetimes for constant cyclic stresses. There is good agreement between the predicted and actual lifetimes under cyclic stresses if the data for constant stress rates are used with the theory. The limitations of the conventional single-crack theory for lifetime predictions relative to the statistical fracture mechanics approach are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 2734-2738 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A general theory is presented for the fracture of cementitious materials. It is shown that crack growth resistance curves can be constructed for cement pastes using fracture data available in the literature. The crack growth resistance curves are used to explain the specimen size and crack length dependence of fracture toughness in cement pastes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 2965-2970 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the plane strain fracture toughness K Ic of sintered steels have frequently been invalid because the requirement that P max/P Q〈1.1 (where P max = maximum load and P Q=load used to calculate K Ic) has not been met. We show that the reason for the criterion not being met is that sintered steels have a considerable crack growth resistance K R. Values obtained in the past for K Ic probably have been over-estimates of the initiation value of the crack growth resistance K i and under-estimates of the maximum crack growth resistance K ∞. The important point is that the assessment of the toughness of sintered steels by a single parameter is not appropriate. Test methods to determine the crack growth resistance of sintered steels are discussed. Crack growth, which is difficult to detect by visual observation, can be determined by compliance techniques. Because of the porous nature of sintered steel, fatigue cracks are unnecessary at the tip of the notch and indeed are undesirable as they can easily cause errors in toughness measurements through inadvertent overloading. The thickness requirement for plane strain measurements can also be relaxed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 3118-3122 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Direct tensile fatigue data of both normal and lightweight concrete have been analysed with a statistical time-dependent fracture theory. Although originally developed for single-phase materials, the theory gives quite good agreement with experimental results for two reasons. One is that the inhomogeneous properties of concrete have been included in the statistically determined Weibull parameters, so that it can be treated as a pseudo-homogeneous material. The other is that at low stress ratios, less than 0.2, the basic crack growth law, whether it is due to environmental effect and/or fatigue-induced damage, can be represented by a single equation: $$\dot a$$ =AK n where (A, n) are equivalent parameters for the two crack mechanisms. For high stress ratios the crack velocity, $$\dot a$$ , cannot be represented by a single equation and the statistical fracture theory breaks down under these situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 581-582 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The impact fracture energy (Gc) for a polypropylene homopolymer and a copolymer with and without calcium carbonate fillers was measured over a range of temperatures between -40°C and 40°C using fracture mechanics principles. The fillers studied were Omyacarb (∼2.7 μm) and Winnofil (∼75 nm) and 10% by weight was added to the matrix material. These fillers did not have any appreciable effect on Gc of the copolymer-based composites. However, the Omyacarb fillers improved Gc of the homopolymer at low temperatures (≤20°C) due to enhanced microplastic flow as observed on the fracture surfaces. The fillers increased the stiffness of both the homopolymer and copolymer. It would appear that up to 10% of cheap calcium carbonate fillers could be added to the more expensive polypropylene to reduce the production cost without any significant loss of impact fracture energy.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 32 (1986), S. 105-125 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié le concept de travail essentiel de rupture pour couvrir l'arrachement ductile des matériaux polymères qui sont sujets à striction avant la rupture. On montre que le travail essentiel de ruptures (We) spécifique à l'état plan de tension peut être obtenu dans le cas d'éprouvettes de traction à entaille latérale profonde comportant une ou deux entailles, en extrapolant la relation linéaire qui lie le travail total de rupture (Wf) et la longueur de ligament (l) jusqu'à un ligament nul. De la sorte, on a obtenu le travail essentiel de rupture pour du nylon 66 et pour deux poly-éthylènes. I1 semble que We est une propriété du matériau pour une épaisseur de plaque donnée, qui est indépendante de la géométrie de l'éprouvette. La relation linéaire entre Wf et l par par un point de rebroussement lorsque le rapport de la longueur du ligament à l'épaisseur de la tôle devient inférieur à environ trois, ce qui correspond au passage des données de rupture dans la transition contrainte plane-déformation plane. Néanmoins, on peut encore obtenir un travail essentiel de rupture spécifique à l'état plan de déformation en extrapolant par les moindres carrés les données jusqu'à un ligament nul, pour autant que l'épaisseur satisfasse un état plan de déformation. Si cette condition n'est pas satisfaite, on obtient une valeur pour un état voisin de l'état plan de déformation, qui dépend de l'épaisseur. Cette méthode est également utilisable dans le cas des polymères ductiles qui, tels les polistyrènes de la famille des caoutchoucs, sont sujets à effritement.
    Notes: Abstract The essential work of fracture concept has been extended to cover ductile tearing of polymeric materials that neck before fracture. It is shown that the plane stress specific essential fracture work (w e) can be obtained from deeply edge-notched tension specimens, containing either single or double notches, by extrapolating the straight line relationship between the total specific fracture work (w f) and ligament length (l) to zero ligament. In this way, specific essential fracture works have been obtained for nylon 66 and two polyethylenes. It seems that w eis a material property for a given sheet thickness being independent of specimen geometry. The straight line relationship between w fand l breaks down when the ligament length to sheet thickness ratio is less than about three, since the fracture data fall in the plane stress-plane strain transition region. However, a plane strain specific essential fracture work can still be obtained by extrapolating the least squares curve of the data to zero ligament provided the thickness satisfies plane strain condition. If this condition is not satisfied a near plane strain value is obtained which is dependent upon thickness. This method is also appropriate for ductile polymers like the rubber modified polystyrenes that craze rather than neck. J Rcurves have also been obtained for nylon 66 and the polyethylenes. Under strictly J-controlled crack growth conditions, it is shown that the intercept and slope of the J Rcurve, i.e. J cand dJ/da, are related to the intercept and slope of the w fversus l plot. The limited amounts of J-controlled data available have precluded a more definite and general conclusion to be made. But based on what little is available, the comparisons of these two quantities in the J R-Δa and w f-l plots are not unreasonable.
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