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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; indapamide ; xipamide ; resistant hypertension ; compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four hypertensive patients have been studied. All had blood pressure recordings greater than 160/95 mmHg on 3 occasions whilst taking a beta blocker and two other antihypertensive agents in therapeutic doses. Compliance was checked by intermittent urine analysis for the relevant beta-blocker. These difficult to control hypertensives were treated with nadolol alone, nadolol plus indapamide and nadolol plus xipamide each for 2 months in random order. The aim was to reduce the blood pressure to below 160/95 mmHg. The supine blood pressure on nadolol alone (167/100 mmHg) was comparable to that on the previous three drug regimens (157/100 mmHg), the other two treatments were more effective (145/90 and 148/93 mmHg respectively). Hypokalaemia (serum potassium below 3.5 mmol/l) occurred in six individuals but occurred more frequently on xipamide than on indapamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pirprofen ; arthritic disease ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of pirprofen were measured in 11 elderly arthritic patients and 6 healthy young volunteers at the beginning and end of 8 days treatment with 400 mg doses twice daily. The mean ages of the two groups were 74.5 and 21.8 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in peak concentrations, times to peak, areas under the curve or terminal elimination half-lives between the groups after single dosing. Repeated dosing increased plasma drug concentrations in both groups but the extent was as predicted from the single dose data. Again there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, although pre-dosing plasma concentrations were higher in the elderly compared with the young individuals. The results of this relatively small study suggest that advancing age and arthritic disease appear to have little influence on the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen and no modification in the dosage recommendation in elderly patients without overt renal or hepatic impairment is indicated.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; nifedipine ; tachycardia ; cardiovascular response ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; exercise heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a placebo controlled exercise protocol using healthy volunteers the effects of nadolol 80 mg and 160 mg orally and of nadolol 80 mg during treatment with nifedipine 20 mg 8 hourly were compared. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by both nifedipine (p〈0.05) and nadolol (p〈0.01) acting alone. An unexpected finding was that nifedipine alone significantly inhibited exercise tachycardia (p〈0.01) (8 to 12 h post dose). Predictably both doses of nadolol produced significant reduction in exercise tachycardia which was still apparent at 24 h. There was a linear relationship between log10 plasma nadolol concentration and reduction in exercise heart rate. The combined inhibitory effects of nifedipine and nadolol 80 mg on exercise heart rate showed partial additivity but did not summate. There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 drugs. The inhibition of exercise tachycardia by nifedipine, not previously documented, is consistent with an effect of the drug on the sinus node, as has been reported in in-vitro studies, and may contribute to the drugs efficacy in angina.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 575-578 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; metoprolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This double-blind, cross-over study in healthy male subjects evaluated the pharmacokinetics of felodipine and metoprolol given both separately and in combination. During three, five-day study periods, felodipine 10 mg b.d., metoprolol 100 mg b.d. and a combination of the two, were given in random order. There was at least a 7-day washout period between each pharmacokinetic study day. Plasma levels of unchanged felodipine and metoprolol were measured for 24 h after the last dose, on the 5th day of each treatment period. Eight subjects, aged 19–22 years, completed the study. Both felodipine and metoprolol, given alone and in combination, were well tolerated. None of the felodipine pharmacokinetic variables (tmax, Cmax, Cmin, AUC (0–12) and t1/2) changed significantly when felodipine and metoprolol were given in combination. Cmax and AUC (0–12) for metoprolol increased significantly when metoprolol and felodipine were combined, although tmax, Cmin and t1/2 for metoprolol remained unchanged. The changes in metoprolol pharmacokinetics induced by felodipine are small and unlikely to be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrendipine ; food intake ; pharmacokinetics ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of nitrendipine were measured, after single (20 mg) oral doses, in young healthy volunteers. On three occasions the subjects ingested the dose having fasted overnight. Data from these three occasions were used to assess variability in nitrendipine pharmacokinetics and both inter- and intra-subject variability were high. On a fourth occasion, the subjects took the tablet after a standard meal. The effects of food on nitrendipine pharmacokinetics, based on the comparison of data from the first fasting visit and the food visit, were negligible.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 347-349 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; plasma concentrations ; distribution ; debrisoquine phenotype ; retard preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in plasma nifedipine concentrations have been reported and one study has suggested the existence of a subpopulation of poor metabolisers of this drug. We have studied the variability of 12 h plasma nifedipine concentrations in 64 hypertensive patients on long-term nifedipine Retard 20 mg twice daily. A slightly skewed unimodal distribution with a modal concentration of 15 to 30 ng/ml was obtained. No relationship between 12-h plasma levels and debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype was found.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 149-151 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; plasma ammonia ; exercise ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in plasma ammonia in response to exercise with and without pretreatment with propranolol have been studied. A standardised submaximal treadmill exercise test was used to assess the effects of placebo or propranolol 40 mg, 80 mg, or 160 mg twice daily given in random order for 3 days, the last dose being taken 90 min before exercise. After placebo the mean incremental rise in plasma ammonia in response to exercise was 16 µmol·l−1. The corresponding rise after propranolol 40mg was 56 µmol·l−1 (p〈0.01). All three doses of propranolol produced similar effects on plasma ammonia and exercise heart rates.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. S1 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nabumetone ; rheumatoid arthritis ; pharmacokinetics ; old patients ; NSAID
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have performed a detailed pharmacokinetic study of the plasma concentrations of the major active metabolite of nabumetone, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6 MNA), attained after a single dose and during chronic administration comparing the results of a group of young healthy volunteers with those of a group of elderly arthritic patients. The latter had higher peak plasma concentrations of 6MNA and slower rates of elimination but there is no tendency for the drug to accumulate unpredictably in the old. Disease activity also influences plasma concentration, those with more active disease, and lower serum albumin concentrations had lower AUC values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 57-60 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; pharmacokinetics ; oral contraceptives ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of Nifedipine were measured following single oral doses of Nifedipine Slow Release (Adalat Retard) on three separate occasions to young, healthy volunteers of both sexes. Intra- and inter-subject variability were assessed by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC, Cmax and T50%AUC. Interindividual variability was less than that observed in other studies with the betablockers, metoprolol and propranolol and there was no evidence of differences between the sexes.
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