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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proto-oncogene fos: Factors Affecting Expression and Covalent Modification of the Gene Product (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 511 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Expression of proto-oncogene fos is induced in response to a variety of growth factors and differentiation-specific agents. However, the induction of fos gene expression is not influenced by inhibition of protein synthesis. We, therefore, entertained the notion that expression of the fos gene may be governed by posttranslational modification of cellular transcriptional factors. We report here that transcription of the human c-fos gene is modulated by negatively and positively acting cellular factors.The nuclear protein products of the resident oncogene of the FBJ-murine osteosar-coma virus (v-fos) and its corresponding cellular proto-oncogene (c-fos) are stoichiometrically phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. The c-fos protein is more highly phosphorylated than the v-fos protein due to the phosphorylation of unique sites tentatively localized to the c-terminal 20 amino acid residues. The protein kinase C agonist, TPA, stimulates phosphorylation of the c-fos, but not the v-fos protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36242.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular anatomy and function of thylakoid proteins (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The structure of chloroplast membrane proteins and their organization into photosynthetically-active multimeric complexes is described. Extensive use has been made of information derived from gene sequencing and other biochemical studies to predict likely protein conformations. These predictions have been assimilated into structural models of the various thylakoid complexes. The enzymatic activities of the complexes have also been described and where possible related to individual polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1989.tb01228.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detergent ringing true as a model for membranes (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 340 (1989), S. 601-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is a frustrating business trying to understand how specific lipid species seem to optimize the functional properties of proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayers that constitute most biological membranes. The problem is that membrane proteins are hydrophobic and therefore difficult to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/340601a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of chloroplast thylakoid lipid composition associated with resistance to triazine herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 280-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast thylakoid ; Herbicide resistance ; Membrane lipid ; Triazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A detailed comparison of the polar-lipid composition of chloroplast thylakoid membranes isolated from triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant biotypes of Chenopodium album, Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua and Amaranthus retroflexus has been carried out. No major differences in the composition of the bulk lipid matrix were found except for a slightly higher monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio in resistant compared with susceptible biotypes. There was, however, in the case of resistant plants a higher level of phosphatidylglycerol-containing transhexadecenoic acid in membrane fractions enriched in photosystem two. It is concluded that although the minor differences could contribute to triazine resistance it is more likely that they reflect secondary alterations in membrane organisation associated with changes in relative levels of pigment-protein complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397361
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the limitations to photosynthesis in leaves of the atrazine-resistant mutant ofSenecio vulgaris L. (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 173 (1988), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Atrazine ; Carbon assimilation ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Herbicide resistance ; Mutant (atrazine resistant) ; Photosynthesis in atrazine resistant mutant ; Senecio (atrazine, mutant)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In leaves of an atrazine-resistant mutant ofSenecio vulgaris the quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation was reduced by 21% compared to the atrazine-susceptible wild type, and at a light level twice that required to saturate photosynthesis in the wild type the CO2 fixation rate in the mutant was decreased by 15%. In leaves at steady-state photosynthesis there was a measurable increase in the reduction state of the photosystem II (PSII) primary quinone acceptor,Q A. Although this would lead to a decreased rate of PSII electron transport and may thus explain the decrease in quantum efficiency, this cannot account for the fall in the maximum rate of CO2 fixation. The atrazine-resistant mutant showed an appreciably longer photosynthetic induction time which indicates an effect on carbon metabolism; however, the response of CO2-fixation rate to intercellular CO2 concentration revealed no differences in carboxylation efficiency. There were also no differences in the ability to perform a State 1–State 2 transition between the atrazine-resistant and susceptible biotypes and no difference in the profiles of phosphorylated thylakoid polypeptides. It is concluded that the alteration of the redox equilibrium between PSII quinone electron acceptors in the atrazine-resistant biotype limits appreciably the photosynthetic efficiency in non-saturating light. Additionally, there is a further, as yet unidentified, limitation which decreases photosynthesis in the resistant mutant under light-saturating conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00958958
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of photosynthetic electron-transport rate to growth temperature in pea (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 169 (1986), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast ; Electron transport ; Photosynthesis ; Pisum (electron transport) ; Temperature adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Feltham First) plants were germinated and grown under two temperature regimes, one chilling (6–8° C) and one non-chilling (16–18° C), which are referred to as “cold-grown” and “warm-grown”, respectively. It was found that: (1) At saturating light intensity and with excess CO2, cold-grown leaves exhibited faster rates of oxygen evolution than warm-grown leaves when measured below 15° C. However when measurements were carried out above this temperature, the reverse relationship was observed. (2) Full-chain electron-transport measurements on thylakoids showed that those isolated from cold-grown plants had greater light-saturated uncoupled rates than their warm-grown equivalents at all temperatures between 3 and 19° C. (3) This difference was apparently not due to a greater activity of photosystem I or II in the thylakoids from cold-grown plants, but rather to a more rapid turnover of a dark step within the electron-transport chain. These results are interpreted in terms of a previously reported apparent homeoviscous adaptation of the pea thylakoid membrane to growth temperature (J. Barber, R.C. Ford, R.A.C. Mitchell, P.A. Millner, 1984, Planta 161, 375–380).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392141
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the spatial relationships between photosystem 2 polypeptides by reversible crosslinking and diagonal electrophoresis (1987)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 13 (1987), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: photosynthesis ; photosystem 2 ; proteins ; crosslinker ; diagonal-electrophoresis ; nearest neighbour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nearest neighbour relationships within the LHC2-PS2 complex were investigated by using the reversible crosslinking agent dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP). This was accomplished by treating PS2-enriched membranes, prepared from chloroplasts of Pisum sativum, with the crosslinker followed by diagonal electrophoresis of the solubilised polypeptides. Analysis of the off-diagonal spot patterns produced by crosslinker cleavage and second dimension electrophoresis was made on the basis of: staining with Coomassie blue or silver, labelling with [35S]-methionine, and sensitivity to 1 M NaCl washing. It was concluded that LHC2 polypeptides crosslinked with several components of the PS2 complex and that the extrinsic polypeptides associated with water oxidation, having approximate molecular weights of 16 and 23 kDa, crosslink to form homodimers. The latter finding suggests that there may be more than one copy of each of these polypeptides per PS2 complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transfer to low energy chlorophyll species prior to trapping by P700 and subsequent electron transfer (1989)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 22 (1989), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: electron transfer ; energy transfer ; Photosystem One ; picosecond absorption spectroscopy ; primary electron acceptor A0 ; primary electron donor P700
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is found that the two singlet state lifetimes observed in medium sized isolated Photosystem One reaction centres belong to two distinct sets of particles. The nanosecond lifetime is due to PS1 particles in which P700 does not trap excitation energy, and the excitation energy is homogeneously distributed within the antennae of these particles. The spectral features of the picosecond component show that excitation energy in the antenna has become largely concentrated in one or more low energy (red) chlorophyll species within 3.5 ps. Antennae which have become decoupled from P700 also appear to be decoupled from these red “ancillary” chlorophylls, and this suggests that some substructure or level of organisation links them to P700. The rate of quenching of antenna singlet states appears to be independent of the redox state of P700 under the conditions used here, and oxidising P700 does not prevent excitation energy from reaching the red chlorophyll species in the antenna. We find no evidence in the data presented here of a chlorophyll molecule acting as a “metastable” primary acceptor (A0). The lower limit for the detection of such a species in these data is 20% of the optical density of the transient P700 bleach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of energy transfer by cations and protein phosphorylation in relation to thylakoid membrane organisation (1986)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 10 (1986), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A brief review is given of the state of knowledge which indicates that the State I-State II transition in higher plants and green algae is due to the reversible phosphorylation of the chlorophyll a/b light harvesting complex. The importance of membrane reorganisational changes in this process is discussed in terms of changes in electrostatic parameters as emphasised by the interplay of the effect of phosphorylation and the background levels of cations surrounding the membrane. It is argued that recognition of this interplay is vital when using the bipartite or tripartite models of Butler to obtain quantitative information of energy transfer between the various pigment complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118289
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar lipid composition of chloroplast thylakoids isolated from leaves grown under different lighting conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 8 (1986), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: light adaptation ; photosynthesis ; polar lipids ; thylakoid membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The polar acyl lipid composition was determined for samples of chloroplast thylakoids isolated from Pisum sativum plants grown at light intensities of 50 and 300 μE·m-2·s-1 and from Aesculus hippocastanum leaves taken from shade or sun environments. Lighting conditions had no major effect on lipid class composition except for a small increase in the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol relative to other lipids in low compared with high light and shade compared with sun conditions. The thylakoids from low light and shade environments also had, relative to those from high light and sun conditions, a substantial decrease in the level of trans-hexadecenoic acid in phosphatidyglycerol. In parallel with this there were lower lipid to chlorophyll ratios, higher overall fatty acid unsaturation, lower chlorophyll a to b ratios and increased relative levels of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b polypeptides as expected for an increase in the degree of thylakoid appression. With this in mind, our results on lipid class composition and content of trans-hexadecenoic acid are discussed in the context of the lateral distribution of lipids within the plane of membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037133
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