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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fabrication and lasing characteristics of a 1.5-μm distributed feedback laser with a butt-coupled tunable integrated resonator are described. An additional modulation of the distributed feedback laser spectrum introduced by the external cavity is clearly demonstrated. Optical bistability has been observed in the power versus tuning current characteristic. The device has a limited continuous tuning range of 4.2 A(ring). Tuning current change allows for the selection of compound cavity mode and one of the distributed feedback laser modes, while maintaining single-mode operation. Linewidth reduction due to the integrated cavity is clearly demonstrated, and linewidths 〈10 MHz have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 68C05 ; Polygons with fixed orientations ; computational geometry ; optimal algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Geometrische Objekte, die durch Geradenstücke mit wenigen, festgelegten Orientierungen begrenzt sind, spielen in vielen Anwendungsbereichen eine wichtige Rolle, so etwa beim Entwurf höchstintegrierter Schaltkreise (VLSI). Probleme, die nur Rechtecke betreffen, sind als ein einfachster Fall wegen ihrer Bedeutung beim VLSI-Entwurf bereits untersucht worden. Die Rechtecke repräsentieren Transistoren, Zellen, oder großere Funktionseinheiten. Eine wirklichkeitsgetreuere Repräsentation hierfür sind jedoch Polygone. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir ein allgemeines Verfahren zur Zerlegung einer Menge von Polygonen mit festen Orientierungen mit dem Ziel, beim VLSI-Entwurf wichtige Probleme der algorithmischen Geometrie zu lösen. Die Zerlegung ist sehr einfach und kann schnell berechnet werden; sie erlaubt die anschließende Lösung, von Problemen mit Hilfe von Algorithmen für rechteckige Objekte. Dieser Ansatz führt zu einigen effizienten und einigen optimalen Algorithmen. Wir illustrieren diese Technik im einzelnen am, Problem, die Zusammenhangskomponenten einer Menge von Polygonen zu bestimmen; wir beschreiben eine optimale Lösung dieses Problems. Dann zeigen wir die breite Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens und leiten exemplarisch eine Lösung des Problems ab, alle Paare sich schneidender Polygone zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Abstract Objects with fixed orientations play an important role in many application areas, for instance VLSI design. Problems involving only rectilinearly oriented (rectangular) objects, as a simplest case, have been studied with the VLSI design application in mind. These objects can be transistors, cells or macros. In reality, they are more suitably represented by polygons rather than just rectangles. In this note we describe how to perform a general decomposition of a set of polygons with fixed orientations in order to solve various computational geometry problems which are important in VLSI design. The decomposition is very simple and efficiently computable, and it allows the subsequent application of algorithms for the rectilinear case, leading to some very efficient and some optimal solutions. We illustrate the technique in detail at the problem of finding the connected components of a set of polygons, for which we derive an optimal solution. The wide applicability of the method is then demonstrated at the problem of finding all pairs of intersecting polygons, yielding an optimal solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 149-151 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Haploid ; Nodal segment ; Colchicine ; Chromosome doubling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rice nodal segments from three flowering haploids were excised and treated for different lengths of time with 0.3% or 0.4% colchicine (dissolved in 2% DMSO) in an attempt to induce fertile seeds. A combination of higher colchicine concentration and longer hours of treatment reduced the survival rate of treated segments, but more fertile plants were transformed. Pooled data showed that of the 842 segments used, 42.2% survived the treatment and sprouted, but only 31.9% were successfully established and grown to maturity. Among the 269 mature plants, 29,4% produced fertile seeds (panicles) with an average of 146.2 seeds per diploidized plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta informatica 23 (1986), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summary We present an algorithm for finding a Steiner tree for a connected, undirected distance graph with a specified subset S of the set of vertices V. The set V-S is traditionally denoted as Steiner vertices. The total distance on all edges of this Steiner tree is at most 2(1−1/l) times that of a Steiner minimal tree, where l is the minimum number of leaves in any Steiner minimal tree for the given graph. The algorithm runs in O(¦E¦log¦V¦) time in the worst case, where E is the set of all edges and V the set of all vertices in the graph. It improves dramatically on the best previously known bound of O(¦S¦¦V¦2), unless the graph is very dense and most vertices are Steiner vertices. The essence of our algorithm is to find a generalized minimum spanning tree of a graph in one coherent phase as opposed to the previous multiple steps approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta informatica 23 (1986), S. 267-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summary We present an optimal algorithm to determine whether a placement of N isothetic non-overlapping rectangles (macros) can be represented by a slicing tree, and if so, to find a representation of minimal height. A slicing is a recursive partition of the overall bounding rectangle, by straight horizontal or vertical cuts, into rectangular regions, each one containing exactly one macro. The algorithm first determines a representation of the empty space of the placement by means of maximally extended horizontal and vertical channels. A second phase then generates a maximal slicing tree (an ordered tree with unbounded degree and maximal branching, i.e., minimal height) in a top-down fashion. The complexity of each phase is O(N log N). The problem arises in steps (1) and (2) of our top-down approach to VLSI custom chip design, which consists of (1) floorplanning by slicing, (2) hierarchicial global wiring, and (3) detailed layout of macros.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta informatica 23 (1986), S. 529-544 
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summary We present a new encoding scheme for binary trees with n internal nodes whose heights are bounded by a given value h, h≧⌈log2(n +1)1⌉. The scheme encodes the internal nodes of the tree level by level and enables us to develop an algorithm for generating all binary trees within this class in a certain predetermined order. Specifically, the trees are generated in decreasing height and for trees of the same height they are generated in lexicographically increasing order. The algorithm can be easily generalized to encompass t-ary trees with bounded height. It is then shown that the average generation time per tree is constant (independent of n and h).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 1986-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5057
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Springer
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