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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular morphogenesis and the formation of marginal bands in amphibian splenic erythroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axolotl ; cell differentiation ; cell shape ; cytoskeleton ; nucleated erythrocyte ; microtubule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spleen of Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) larvae develops as a closed sac containing differentiating nucleated erythrocytes, and is typically isolated from the general circulation for about 10 days post-hatching. Beginning 3-4 days posthatching, it can be removed intact for examination of the morphology and cytoskeletal structure of the erythropoietic cells. In the smallest (earliest) spleens, spheroidal cells predominate, while older ones contain a preponderance of cells exhibiting the flattened elliptical morphology typical of all non-mammalian vertebrate erythrocytes. Most striking in the splenic erythroid population are cells with singly or doubly pointed morphology. Though common in the developing spleen and circulation of young larvae, pointed cells are less frequently encountered in the circulation of older larvae, indicating that they are intermediate stages in the differentiation of spheroids to flattened ellipsoids. This is supported by structural observations on cytoskeletons prepared from the splenic cells. Incomplete singly and doubly pointed marginal bands of microtubules are observed, many of which contain a pair of centrioles within or close to a pointed end, suggestive of organizing center function. The observations are consistent with a sequence of changes in cell morphology from spherical to doubly pointed to singly pointed to flattened ellipse, causally linked to stages of marginal band biogenesis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and dynamics of a cortical fibrous network of Paramecium: The outer lattice (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; cell morphogenesis ; immunofluorescence ; antimyosin monoclonal antibody ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody, CC212, raised against ciliated cortices of quail oviduct cells and characterized as an antimyosin of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells, was shown to specifically label a regular cortical network in Paramecium and to recognize two Triton X-100-insoluble polypeptides at 130 and 50 kDa. However, no evidence was obtained that these polypeptides are related to myosin.An immunofluorescence study and ultrastructural immunogold localization allowed us to identify the CC212-decorated material as a component of the outer lattice, a submembrane cytoskeletal network which runs along the top of the ridges visible by scanning electron microscopy and delineates the periphery of each cortical unit. The dynamics of the outer lattice during the cell cycle was studied by immunofluorescence and it was found that the outer lattice growth is achieved without disruption of the preexisting meshes by longitudinal elongation and additon of new transverse partitions. A striking disorganization of the outer lattice was observed in a thermosensitive mutant primarily altered in basal body duplication. These observations suggest possible functions of the outer lattice and demonstrate the interdependence of basal body duplication, surface growth, and outer lattice remodelling.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070404
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell type-specific association between two types of spectrin and two types of intermediate filaments (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: erythrocytes ; brain ; vimentin ; neurofilaments ; desmin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have demonstrated a differential association between two types of spectrin, from erythrocytes and brain, with two types of intermediate filaments, vimentin filaments and neurofilaments. Electron microscopy showed that erythrocyte spectrin promoted the binding of vimentin filaments to red cell inside-out vesicles via lateral associations with the filaments. In vitro binding studies showed that the association of spectrin with vimentin filaments was apparently saturable, increased with temperature, and could be prevented by heat denaturation of the spectrin. Comparisons were made between erythrocyte and brain spectrin binding to both vimentin filaments and neurofilaments. We found that vimentin filaments bound more erythrocyte spectrin than brain spectrin, while neurofilaments bound more brain spectrin than erythrocyte spectrin. Our results show that both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins are capable of binding to intermediate filaments and that such association may be characterized by differential affinities of the various types of spectrin with the several classes of intermediate filaments present in cells. Our results also suggest a role for both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins in mediating the association of intermediate filaments with plasma membranes or other cytoskeletal elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotactic peptide receptor-cytoskeletal interactions and functional correlations in differentiated HL-60 cells and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 141 (1989), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the chemotactic peptide receptor/cytoskeletal interactions in HL-60 cells induced to differentiate with different agents and attempted to correlate these observations with the acquisition of different functional responses. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-treated cells showed rapid superoxide anion production in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and slow, sustained response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Retinoic acid-induced cells showed a slow, sustained response to both FMLP and PMA. Interferon-γ-treated cells produced no superoxide anion on stimulation with FMLP, whereas tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-treated cells showed a slight response. Chemotactic peptide receptor association was the same in the HL-60 cells treated with different agents, despite marked differences in the superoxide anion generation and actin polymerization responses to FMLP and PMA in these cells. In mature neutrophils chemotactic peptide receptor association with the cytoskeleton was not affected by either pertussis or cholera toxin. However, both toxins inhibited FMLP-induced actin polymerization and superoxide anion generation. This suggested involvement of a G-protein similar to Gt, rather than Gi or Gs. Neither toxin had any effect on PMA-induced superoxide anion generation. These observations indicate that receptor association with the cytoskeleton may not have a significant role in affecting signal recognition and response. Among the several possible roles suggested, clearance of the occupied receptors may be the most important role of the cytoskeletal association. HL-60 cells induced to differentiate with different agents (because of their varied functional responses) might prove very useful in dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulating stimulus-induced activation of neutrophils.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041410118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipocortin I (p35) is abundant in a restricted number of differentiated cell types in adult organs (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 141 (1989), S. 284-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lipocortin-l (p35) is a unique calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein of the lipocortin/calpactin family. Although several possibilities have been suggested, functions for the individual proteins of this family are not yet known with certainty. As an initial step in the identification of the biological function(s) of p35, we have used immunohistochemical methods to define precisely many of the cellular phenotypes that contain p35 in vivo. In all organs where p35 is found, we have observed a striking distribution of p35-positive cells. Typically it is highly enriched in a limited range of differentiated cell types while apparently totally absent from most others. Our identification of specific p35-positive cell types in vivo will now set limitations on likely possibilities for functions of this protein and thereby permit a more logical approach to the determination of its true function.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041410209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of spectrin with desmin intermediate filaments (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 30 (1986), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: spectrin ; spectrin binding ; desmin filaments ; intermediate filaments ; intermediate filament binding protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The association of erythrocyte spectrin with desmin filaments was investigated using two in vitro assays. The ability of spectrin to promote the interaction of desmin filaments with membranes was investigated by electron microscopy of desmin filament-erythrocyte inside-out vesicle preparations. Desmin filaments bound to erythrocyte inside-out vesicles in a spectrin-dependent manner, demonstrating that spectrin is capable of mediating the association of desmin filaments with plasma membranes. A quantitative sedimentation assay was used to demonstrate the direct association of spectrin with desmin filaments in vitro. When increasing concentrations of spectrin were incubated with desmin filaments, spectrin cosedimented with desmin filaments in a concentration-dependent manner. At near saturation the spectrin:desmin molar ratio in the sedimented complex was 1:230. Our results suggest that, in addition to its well characterized associations with actin, spectrin functions to mediate the association of intermediate filaments with plasma membranes. It might be that nonerythrocyte spectrins share erythrocyte spectrin's ability to bind to intermediate filaments and function in nonerythroid cells to promote the interaction of intermediate filaments with actin filaments and/or the plasma membrane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240300202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ERV3 Human endogenous provirus mRNAs are expressed in normal and malignant tissues and cells, but not in choriocarcinoma tumor cells (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human endogenous provirus ; choriocarcinoma ; proviral mRNA expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Messenger RNA expression of a human endogenous provirus, ERV3, has been characterized in 170 specimens of normal and malignant human tissues and cells. In contrast to the high expression in first-trimester and full-term placental chorionic villi, most other human tissues expressed ERV3 mRNAs at a level of 2-30% of placenta. However, ERV3 mRNAs were not detected in choriocarcinoma tumor cell lines. These studies suggest that the ERV3 provirus may have been preempted for a biological function and disruption of its mRNA expression results in choriocarcinoma.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240360203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the proliferation of Nb2 cells by femtomolar concentrations of cholera toxin and partial reversal of the effect by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 37 (1988), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Nb2lymphoma cells ; phorbol ester ; cAMP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: One hour of exposure to cholera toxin is sufficient to elicit a significant delay in the initiation of DNA synthesis and cell division in lactogenic hormone-dependent Nb2-11C lymphoma cells. The inhibitory effect occurs already at very low concentrations of cholera toxin (5-50 fM), at which it is not accompanied by a detectable increase in intracellular cAMP, or ADP-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of Gs, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein of adenylate cyclase; IBMX, the phosphodies-terase inhibitor, acts synergistically to cholera toxin, indicating that a minute increase in cAMP may be sufficient for the inhibition. This indication is substantiated by the finding that dibutyryl cAMP also inhibits cell proliferation. Phorbol diester reverses partially the inhibitory activity of cholera toxin. It is most likely that this effect does not result from blocking the increase in cAMP, but rather from some subsequent, yet unidentified, events. The inhibitory effect of cholera toxin is not dependent on the concentration of the proliferation-stimulating lactogenic hormone and cannot be abolished or reduced by excess of the hormone. Cholera toxin also inhibits the autonomous proliferation of a lactogenic hormone-independent cell line (Nb2-SP); however, in this case the inhibition is not affected by TPA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240370111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotin and choline replace the growth requirement of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells for high-density lipoproteins (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 96-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: MDCK cells maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated dishes and exposed to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with transferrin and either high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) or phosphatidyl choline (PC) liposomes have a growth rate and final cell density similar to those of cultures exposed to serum-supplemented DME. When MDCK cells are exposed to a medium consisting of a mixture (1:1) of DME and F12 medium (D/F), the addition of transferrin (10 μg/ml) alone supports cell growth and the presence of HDLs or PC liposomes is no longer required. MDCK cells exposed to D/F medium supplemented with transferrin can be passaged for more than 50 generations in total absence of serum. The F12 components that support growth in the absence of HDLs or PC liposomes are biotin (which is absent in DME) and choline (which is present in insufficient concentration in DME). Supplementation of DME with transferrin, biotin (3.6 ng/ml), and choline (10 μg/ml) allows optimal growth of MDCK cells and permits serial propagation through more than 50 generations. The growth requirement of MDCK cells for HDLs or PC liposomes can therefore be replaced by adequate concentrations of biotin and choline. The widely observed fact that a combination of DME/F12 medium is more effective than DME alone in supporting cell growth may be due in part to the lack of biotin and suboptimal choline concentration in DME.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture kinetics of glycolytic enzyme induction, glucose utilization, and thymidine incorporation of extended-exposure phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 122 (1985), S. 98-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycolytic enzyme activity is significantly (P 〈 0.05) induced between 24 and 48 hours of incubation in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. Nonstimulated cultured cells do not show this induction although these cells have an approximate daily doubling of thymidine incorporation. Maximal glycolytic enzyme activity is reached between 96 and 120 hours of culture in stimulated cells (3.5-fold increase) and maintained until at least 168 hours. There is no significant induction of the hexosemonophosphate shunt or the TCA cycle during seven-day transformation. Induction of glucose utilization becomes significantly (P 〈 0.05) greater in stimulated as compared to nonstimulated cultures between 48 and 72 hours of culture and is significantly elevated for at least an additional 96 hours. There is a 17% increase in total protein in the stimulated cells after 24 hours of culture and higher levels of protein content are then maintained over the control. Thymidine incorporation is significantly greater in stimulated cells from 24-144 hours of culture but is not significantly different from the nonstimulated cells at 168 hours (P = 0.98) although glycolytic enzyme activity remains elevated in the stimulated cells. There is a greater enzyme induction of the latter phase of glycolysis during transformation and this phenomenon continues in extended cultures. Increases in glycolytic enzyme activity during mitogenesis appear to be an intrinsic phenomenon independent of cell proliferation and glucose transport. The mitogen-induced increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes accompanies blastogenesis and the sustained elevated activity of these enzymes appears to be related to the high metabolic rate of transformed cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220115
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