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  • Other Sources  (433)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (237)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (196)
  • 1985-1989  (433)
  • 1
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    HIS - A high resolution atmospheric sounder (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes the High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS), which is the first of a new generation of passive remote sensors for achieving high vertical resolution sounding information, with special attention given to the sounding retrieval procedure. Examples of mesoscale temperature and moisture profiles obtained with airborne HIS during field programs held in 1986 are presented. A spacecraft version of the instrument, to be used in advanced global weather analysis and forecasting, is under development.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Oct 26, 1987 - Oct 30, 1987; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The Nimbus-7 Global Cloud Climatology (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Nimbus-7 Global Cloud Climatology (N7GCC) has been produced from measurements made between April 1979 and March 1985 using the Temperature Humidity IR Radiometer and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer on the Nimbus-7 satellite. The N7GCC gives, near local noon and midnight, the fractional area covered by high-level, middle-level, and low-altitude clouds, and the total fractional area covered by all clouds. Statistics for cirrus, deep convective, and warm low-altitude clouds and the cloud and clear-sky radiances with correlative surface temperatures are also included. The N7GCC is compared with other cloud data sets, including the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 69; 743-752
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  • 3
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    Nimbus-7 global cloud climatology. I - Algorithms and validation (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An improved version of the Nimbus-7 cloud retrieval algorithm was validated using data from Nimbus-7 Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer to determine cloudiness parameters for the globe. Quantitative validation of total cloud amount was performed by comparing the algorithm results with estimates derived from GOES images and auxiliary meteorological data. The systematic errors of the Nimbus-7 total cloud-amount algorithm, relative to the GOES-derived estimates, were found to be less than 10 percent. The random errors of daily estimates ranged between 7 and 16 percent, day or night.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755); 1; 445-470
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  • 4
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    Large format, high resolution images sensors (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The performance requirements for scientific-quality CCDs are discussed, focusing on the design of two devices, and the progress toward achieving the desired performance is discussed. These devices are intended for rear-illuminated applications and have 512 x 512 and 2048 x 2048 pixel formats. The thinned 10 to 20 micron thick Si membrane is fully supported by a unique glass ceramic substrate. Quantum efficiencies of greater than 70 percent at 700 nm and greater than 40 percent at wavelengths less than 400 nm have been measured on a test device. Dark currents as low as 6 pA/sq cm also have been measured recently.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering (ISSN 0091-3286); 26; 837-843
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  • 5
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    Validation of Nimbus-7 cloud and SMMR data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The relationship between cloud amount, water content (WC), and liquid water content (LWC) is studied. Nimbus-7 cloud data and LWC and WC data derived from the SMMR for July 1979 are analyzed and compared. The SMMR sea surface temperature (SST) data are also compared to Air Force SST data. The comparisons reveal that Nimbus-7 cloud data and the SMMR WC and LWC data correlate well, and there is also good agreement between the SMMR SST and the Air Force data. The data demonstrate that there is a relation between the WC, LWC, and cloud amount data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 6
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    Intercomparison between Nimbus-7 cirrus cloud data and ERB measurements (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nimbus-7 and Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) data were compared with the quantity of high, thin cirrus clouds over a 6 yr period. Three separate data analysis techniques are described which were used to derive cloud cover and total upwelling radiance values from the satellite data. Zonal average cirrus clouds amounts are compared with surface observations and SAGE satellite data, and comparisons are made between the cloud amount estimates made with ERB data and data from other Nimbus-7 instruments. All Nimbus-7 instrumental data indicated cloud amounts and frequency of occurrence patterns which were commensurate with surface observations, except in high latitude zones.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 7
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    Postdispersion system for astronomical observations with Fourier transform spectrometers in the thermal infrared (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A postdispersion system for astronomical observations with Fourier transform spectrometers in the thermal infrared has been developed which improves the sensitivity of radiation noise limited observations by reducing the spectral range incident on the detector. Special attention is given to the first-generation blocked impurity band detector. Planetary, solar, and stellar observations are reported.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 28; 139-145
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  • 8
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    Lidar observations of vertically organized convection in the planetary boundary layer over the ocean (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of a convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) were made with an airborne, downward-looking lidar system over the Atlantic Ocean during a cold air outbreak. The lidar data revealed well-organized, regularly spaced cellular convection with dominant spacial scales between two and four times the height of the boundary layer. It is demonstrated that the lidar can accurately measure the structure of the PBL with high vertical and horizontal resolution. Parameters important for PBL modeling such as entrainment zone thickness, entrainment rate, PBL height and relative heat flux can be inferred from the lidar data. It is suggested that wind shear at the PBL top may influence both entrainment and convective cell size.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 24; 806-821
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  • 9
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    Potential of CCDs for UV and X-ray plasma diagnostics (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A program is under way to develop charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors for space-based X-ray astronomy imaging spectrometers. To date, laboratory line-emission spectra have been acquired throughout the range of 277 to 8000 eV (carbon through copper K-alpha emission) and CCD sensitivity has been demonstrated throughout the range of 1.1 through 8000 eV. Image resolution is excellent, limited almost entirely by the 15 micron pixel size. These results are presented and specialized techniques are described which permit such low energy response, high spectral resolution, and efficient charge collection. Finally, analysis is presented of one particular CCD characteristic which currently limits UV and X-ray performance: charge diffusion.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 56; 796-801
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  • 10
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    Optical radiation from the interaction of energetic atoms, ions, electrons, and photons with surfaces (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Heavy particle, electron, and UV photon bombardment of solid surfaces has been recently observed to result in the emission of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet radiation. This effect occurs over a wide range of incident projectile energies. Line radiation arising from transitions between discrete atomic or molecular levels may be attributed to the decay of excited particles which have been sputtered or electronically/chemically desorbed from the surface. Broadband continuum radiation, which is also observed, is believed to arise either from fluorescence of the near surface bulk or from the radiative decay of desorbed excited clusters. Spacecraft, in the ambient near Earth environment, are subject to such bombardment. The dynamics of energetic particle and photon beam interactions with surfaces which lead to surface erosion and glow phenomena will be treated. In addition, projected experimental and theoretical studies of oxygen and nitrogen beam surface interactions on materials characteristic of spacecraft surfaces will be discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center 2d Workshop on Spacecraft Glow; p 191-201
    Format: application/pdf
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