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  • 1
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    Mutants of pertussis toxin suitable for vaccine development (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Immunization with chemically detoxified pertussis toxin can prevent severe whooping cough with an efficacy similar to that of the cellular pertussis vaccine, which normally gives unwanted side effects. To avoid the reversion to toxicity and the loss of immunogenicity that may follow chemical treatment of pertussis toxin, inactive toxins were constructed by genetic manipulation. A number of genetically engineered alleles of the pertussis toxin genes, constructed by replacing either one or two key amino acids within the enzymatically active S1 subunit, were introduced into the chromosome of strains of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. These strains produce mutant pertussis toxin molecules that are nontoxic and immunogenic and that protect mice from the intracerebral challenge with virulent Bordetella pertussis. Such molecules are ideal for the development of new and safer vaccines against whooping cough.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizza, M -- Covacci, A -- Bartoloni, A -- Perugini, M -- Nencioni, L -- De Magistris, M T -- Villa, L -- Nucci, D -- Manetti, R -- Bugnoli, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genetic Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Pertussis Vaccine/*toxicity ; Rabbits ; Vaccines, Synthetic/toxicity ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics/immunology/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    HTLV-V: a new human retrovirus isolated in a Tac-negative T cell lymphoma/leukemia (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: A new human retrovirus was isolated from a continuous cell line derived from a patient with CD4+ Tac- cutaneous T cell lymphoma/leukemia. This virus is related to but distinct from human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). With the use of a fragment of provirus cloned from one patient with T cell leukemia, closely related sequences were found in DNA of the cell line and of tumor cells from seven other patients with the same disease; these sequences were only distantly related to HTLV-I. The phenotype of the cells and the clinical course of the disease were clearly distinguishable from leukemia associated with HTLV-I. All patients and the wife of one patient showed a weak serological cross-reactivity with both HTLV-I and HIV-1 antigens. None of the patients proved to be at any apparent risk for HIV-1 infection. The name proposed for this virus is HTLV-V, and the date indicate that it may be a primary etiological factor in the major group of cutaneous T cell lymphomas/leukemias, including the sporadic lymphomas known as mycoses fungoides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manzari, V -- Gismondi, A -- Barillari, G -- Morrone, S -- Modesti, A -- Albonici, L -- De Marchis, L -- Fazio, V -- Gradilone, A -- Zani, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1581-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche II, Universita di Roma, Tor Vergata, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2825353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/classification/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/*microbiology ; Lymphoma/*microbiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Rapid stimulation of diacylglycerol production in Xenopus oocytes by microinjection of H-ras p21 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: The p21 products of ras proto-oncogenes are thought to be important components in pathways regulating normal cell proliferation and differentiation. These proteins acquire transforming properties as a result of activating lesions that convert ras genes to oncogenes in a wide array of malignancies. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, microinjection of transforming ras p21 is a potent inducer of maturation, whereas microinjection of a monoclonal antibody to ras p21 inhibits normal maturation induced by hormones. The phosphoinositide pathway is a ubiquitous system that appears to play a key role in diverse cellular functions. By use of the Xenopus oocyte system, it was possible to quantitate the effects of ras p21 microinjection on individual components of the phosphoinositide pathway. Within 20 minutes of microinjection, levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, inositol 1-phosphate, and inositol bisphosphate increased 1.5- to 2-fold. The most striking effects were on diacylglycerol, which increased 5-fold under the same conditions. In contrast, the normal ras p21 protein induced no detectable alteration in any of the metabolites analyzed. The earliest effects of the transforming p21 on phosphoinositol turnover were observable within 2 minutes, implying a very rapid effect of ras p21 on the enzymes involved in phospholipid metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacal, J C -- de la Pena, P -- Moscat, J -- Garcia-Barreno, P -- Anderson, P S -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):533-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2821623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diglycerides/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Glycerides/*biosynthesis ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Inositol/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/biosynthesis ; Kinetics ; Microinjections ; Oocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Induction of B cell unresponsiveness to noninherited maternal HLA antigens during fetal life (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Patients who have received many transfusions become highly sensitized and develop antibodies against almost all HLA alloantigens, so that finding a cross-match negative kidney donor is difficult. A survey of those patients showed that 50 percent did not form antibodies against the noninherited maternal HLA antigens. Apart from the obvious clinical implications, the data indicate that a human equivalent of murine neonatal or actively acquired tolerance has now been identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claas, F H -- Gijbels, Y -- van der Velden-de Munck, J -- van Rood, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1815-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunohaematology, University Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3051377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; Fetus/*immunology ; HLA-A Antigens/*immunology ; HLA-B Antigens/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: Fifty of 75 serum samples collected in the West Nile district of Uganda between August 1972 and July 1973 contained antibodies reactive with human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type 3 (HTLV-III; mean titer, 601), while 12 of 75 samples were positive in a similar test for HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (mean titer, 236). The samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results were confirmed by a newly developed unlabeled antibody-peroxidase procedure with enhanced sensitivity for detection of antibody binding to immunoblots of HTLV-III antigen, demonstrating antibodies to proteins with molecular weights of 24,000, 41,000, and 76,000 in nearly all positive samples. Analysis of titration data indicated enhanced titers of antibody against HTLV-III and HTLV-I when coinfection occurred. The high prevalence and relatively low titers [compared to serum from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)] of antibodies recognizing HTLV-III proteins in sera from this population at a time that may predate or coincide with the appearance or spread of the AIDS agent (HTLV-III) suggest that the virus detected may have been a predecessor of HTLV-III or is HTLV-III itself but existing in a population acclimated to its presence. It further suggests an African origin of HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxinger, W C -- Levine, P H -- Dean, A G -- de The, G -- Lange-Wantzin, G -- Moghissi, J -- Laurent, F -- Hoh, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1036-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology/microbiology ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retroviridae Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology ; Uganda
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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