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  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (3)
  • etintidine  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 15 (1987), S. 557-568 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: etintidine ; propranolol ; 4-hydroxypropranolol ; interaction ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Etintidine HCl is a potent H2 -blocker. The effect of clinical doses of etintidine on the disposition of a single oral dose of propranolol was investigated in 12 normal subjects. This was a double-blind, two-way crossover study. Each subject received etintidine (400 mg) or placebo twice a day with meals for 4 days on two occasions (separated by 4 days). On each occasion, the subjects were fasted overnight on Day 3 and were given an oral dose of Inderal® (40 mg propranolol hydrochloride) 30 min following the administration of the morning dose of etintidine or placebo on Day 4. Blood samples were collected prior to and up to 24 hr following the administration of propranolol. The plasma samples were analyzed for propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol by HPLC. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol between etintidine and the placebo groups indicates that etintidine significantly increased the AUC0−∞,values (573.5 vs. 146.4 ng·hr/ml, p=0.0001)and prolonged the elimination half-life (4.61 vs. 2.33 hr) of propranolol. Statistical evaluation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of 4-hydroxypropanolol indicates that etintidine also increased the AUC0−24 values (43.8 vs. 16.4 ng·hr/ml, p=0.0028) and prolonged the elimination half-life (4.87 vs. 1.97 hr) of 4-hydroxypropranolol. The data suggest that etintidine, like cimetidine, impaired the elimination of propranolol. Etintidine also protracted the elimination of 4-hydroxypropranolol, an active metabolite of propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: etintidine ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; solid extraction ; determination of etintidine in plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a new, rapid solid extraction method for the determination of etintidine in plasma. The method employs a semiautomatic sample preparation system. Plasma samples and the internal standard (cimetidine) were applied onto octyl-bonded silica extraction columns. The extraction columns were then subjected to Tris buffer and water wash and were subsequently loaded onto an automatic sample injection system. The contents of the extraction columns were eluted on-line with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:methanol:0.1% ammonium hydroxide (85:10:5, by volume) onto a silica analytical column and detected by UV absorption at 229 nm. The chromatographic condition separates etintidine from some of its metabolites and other endogenous components in plasma. The detection limit for etintidine was 0.02–0.05 µg/ml when 0.2 ml of plasma was used. This method has been used for the determination of plasma etintidine levels in humans and mice after oral administration of etintidine and was found to be suitable for pharmacokinetic/bioavailability studies of etintidine in humans and animals. The method can also be used for the quantitative determination of cimetidine and certain metabolites of etintidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The incompressible laminar flow over an infinitely thin flat plate is obtained using a Navier-Stokes code in vorticity-velocity variables. The flow at and near the leading edge of the plate is an integral part of the solution algorithm which requires no special treatment; thus allowing for the flow field in this region to be studied in detail. An incident plane sound wave is imposed in the free-stream flow and the receptivity of the boundary layer is studied with particular emphasis to the flow near and at the leading edge.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A variety of turbulence models, including five second-order closure models and four two equation models, are tested for the problem of homogeneous turbulent shear flow in a rotating frame. The model predictions for the time evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate, as well as those for the equilibrium states, are compared with the results of physical and numerical experiments. Most of the two-equation models predict the same results for all rotation rates (omega/S) in which there is an exponential time growth of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. The second-order closures are qualitatively superior since, consistent with physical and numerical experiments, they only predict this type of unstable flow for intermediate rotation rates in the range -0.1 less than or equal to omega/S less than or equal to 1.6. For rotation rates outside this range, there is an exchange of stabilities with a solution whose kinetic energy and dissipation rate decay with time. Although the second-order closures are superior to the two-equation models, there are still problems with the quantitative accuracy of their predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-181864 , NAS 1.26:181864 , ICASE-89-43 , Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows; Jun 01, 1989; Hampton, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A variety of turbulence models, including five second-order closure models and four two equation models, are tested for the problem of homogeneous turbulent shear flow in a rotating frame. The model predictions for the time evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate, as well as those for the equilibrium states, are compared with the results of physical and numerical experiments. Most of the two-equation models predict the same results for all rotation rates (omega/S) in which there is an exponential time growth of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. The second-order closures are qualitatively superior since, consistent with physical and numerical experiments, they only predict this type of unstable flow for intermediate rotation rates in the range -0.1 less than or equal to omega/S less than or equal to 1.6. For rotation rates outside this range, there is an exchange of stabilities with a solution whose kinetic energy and dissipation rate decay with time. Although the second-order closures are superior to the two-equation models, there are still problems with the quantitative accuracy of thier predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows; Aug 21, 1989 - Aug 23, 1989; Stanford, CA; United States
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