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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (664)
  • Engineering General  (136)
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  • 1985-1989  (833)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the rate and activation parameters for the primary decomposition of a quaternary ammonium persulfate in moderately polar organic solvents (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 2097-2102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The activation energy for the primary decomposition of ionpaired trioctylmethylammonium persulfate in moderately polar organic solvents was found to be about one half the value for the persulfate ion decomposition in aqueous alkaline media. However, its effect on the primary decompostion rate of the former is largely offset by the lowered entropy of activation, which adopts a negative value. The results indicate that the activated state is more ionic than the ground state. A tentative structure of the activated state which involves an intra-ionic triple ion is proposed to account for the observed results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of comonomer content and annealing on morphological changes in acrylic copolymers and fibersIPCL Communication No. 76. (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1413-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A better understanding of internal microstructure is necessary to understand various properties of acrylic fibers, such as dyeability, mechanical properties, and comfort. In the present paper, the application of x-ray methods for the investigation of fiber microstructural parameters, namely, crystallinity and crystallite size, is demonstrated. Effect of comonomer incorporation on acrylic copolymer microstructure is assessed in the present work. Influence of annealing aftertreatment on the changes in structure is investigated using the evidence presented by x-ray and DSC studies. Introduction of small amounts of a comonomer (methyl acrylate, MA) results in diminishing crystallinity. Annealing of acrylic copolymers causes the onset of an intramolecular cyclization, as well as an increase in segmental mobility; both these factors lead to an increase in crystallinity and crystallite size. With increasing comonomer content, the exothermic peak in the thermogram is found to shift toward higher temperatures. Some evidence is presented that shows the effect of spinning process variables on acrylic fiber microstructure. The results and findings of the present work have been interpreted in terms of a two-phase structure for acrylic fibers.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310525
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the effects of biological environment on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene (r) (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Blutserums in vitro 16 Monate bei 40°C auf die Eigenschaften von Poly-bis-(trifluorethoxy)phosphazen-Filmen mit 0,16 Mol-% anomalen Kettengliedern mit unsubstituierten P - Cl-Gruppen und [η] = 4,00 dl/g in Aceton wird untersucht. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist das Polymer gegen biologischen Abbau beständig. Die Abnahme von [η] im Laufe der ersten drei Monate um 25% beeinflußt die Festigkeitseigenschaften der Filme praktisch nicht und kann durch hydrolytischen Abbau an den anomalen Gliedern erklärt werden. Die Kristallisation des Polymers während des medizinisch-biologischen Versuchs beeinflußt das mechanische Verhalten der Filme.
    Notes: The effect of blood serum in vitro during 16 month at 40°C on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene films containing 0.16 mole-% anomalous units of unsubstituted P - Cl-groups in the chain and being characterized by [η] = 4.00 dl/g in acetone has been investigated. Under these conditions the polymer shows biological resistance. The decrease in [η] to 75% of the original value during the first three months exerts actually no effect on the strength of the films and can be explained by hydrolytic degradation of the anomalous units of the chain. The crystallization of the polymer during medical-biological tests affects the mechanical properties of the films.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural features and some physico-chemical properties of materials prepared from non-aqueous solutions of cellulose-synthetic polymer blends. 3. X-ray study of binary cellulose-synthetic polymer filmsPart 2: Preceding paper (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mittels Weit- und Kleinwinkelröntgenstreuung wird gezeigt, daß aus nichtwäßrigen Lösungen von Mischungen der Cellulose mit Polyacrylnitril, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylacetat bzw. Polyvinylalkohol erhaltene Bikomponentenfilme zweiphasige mikroheterogene Systeme darstellen, deren strukturelle und morphologische Besonderheiten durch die unterschiedliche chemische Struktur der Mischungskomponten und ihr Mengenverhältnis bestimmt werden.
    Notes: By wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering binary films prepared from non-aqueous solutions of the blends of cellulose with poly(acrylonitrile), poly(vinyl acetate), and poly(vinyl alcohol) are shown to be two-phase microheterogeneous systems. The structural and morphological features are determined by the difference in chemical nature of the mixed polymer components and their ratio.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010360908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the structure of 4-n-alkyl-styrenes on their free-radical copolymerization with acrylonitrile and some properties of the copolymers (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 580-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die radikalische Substanzcopolymerisation von 4-n-Alkyl-styrenen mit Acrylnitril wurde untersucht, und die Reaktivitätsverhältnisse wurden bestimmt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Länge der Alkylgruppe auf diese Konstanten nur einen geringen Einfluß ausübt. Copolymere von Acrylnitril mit Ethyl- und Hexyl-styrenen wurden synthetisiert, und ihre physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden gemessen.
    Notes: The free-radical copolymerization in bulk of 4-n-alkylstyrenes with acrylonitrile was investigated and the reactivity ratios have been determined. It was established that the length of the alkyl radical has little effect on these constants. Copolymers of acrylonitrile with ethyl- and hexyl-styrenes were synthesized and their physico-mechanical characteristics were determined and compared.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370914
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion, sedimentation und strömungsdoppelbrechung von carboxymethylcellulose in cadoxenlösungen (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 663-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrodynamic and dynamo-optical properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples (M = 39000 to 370000, degree of substitution 0.9) in Cadoxen and cadoxen/H2O (1:1) solutions have been investigated. The dependence of intrinsic viscosity, sedimentation and diffusion coefficients on M were obtained. From the standpoint of hydrodynamic theories for wormlike chains the length of Kuhn segment A = (13 ± 2) nm in cadoxen was calculated. In cadoxen/H2O this value is 1.5 to 2 times higher. Shear optical coefficient and optical anisotropy of CMC molecules are close to those of the cellulose chains in the same solvent. The results are discussed with regard to solvent-polymer interactions at the anionic substituent and the free OH-groups, and with regard to the influence of these interactions on the shape of the macromolecules in solution.
    Notes: Die hydrodynamischen und dynamo-optischen Eigenschaften von Carboxymethylcellulose-Proben (CMC) mit Molmassen zwischen 39000 und 370000 und einem Substitutionsgrad von ca. 0,9 wurden in Cadoxen und in einem Cadoxen/Wasser-Gemisch (1:1) als Lösungsmittel untersucht und quantitative Beziehungen zwischen Molmasse, Grenzviskosität, Sedimentations- und Diffusionskoeffizient ermittelt. In Anlehnung an die Theorien des hydrodynamischen Verhaltens wurmförmiger Ketten wurde die Segmentlänge nach Kuhn zu A = (13 ± 2) nm für CMC in Cadoxen berechnet, während im Cadoxen/Wasser-Gemisch ein etwa doppelt so hoher Wert erhalten wurde. Die optischen Koeffizienten der Scherspannung und die optische Anisotropie von CMC entsprechen annähernd den für Cellulose in den gleichen Lösemitteln gefundenen Werten. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der an den anionischen Substituenten und den freien OH-Gruppen auftretenden Wechselwirkungen und deren Einfluß auf die Molekülgestalt in Lösung diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010371101
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and evaluation of pyridazines in natural rubber (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vier Pyridazinderivate wurden synthetisiert und als Beschleuniger für Naturkautschukmischungen entwickelt. Die rheologischen Eigenschaften wurden mit Hilfe eines Monsanto Rheometers 100 bestimmt. Die rheometrischen Daten wurden für die Berechnung der kinetischen Konstanten der Vulkanisationsreaktion in Anwesenheit der synthetisierten Verbindungen benutzt. Verglichen mit Mercaptobenzthiazol (MBT), einem Beschleuniger der häufig in der Kautschukindustrie eingesetzt wird, zeigten diese Verbindungen eine gute Beschleunigerwirksamkeit.
    Notes: Four pyridazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as accelerators in natural rubber (NR) mixes. The rheological characteristics were determined by a Monsanto Rheometer 100. The kinetic constants for the vulcanization reaction in the presence of the synthetic compounds were calculated using the rheometric data. The compounds showed a good accelerating efficiency compared with mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), which is widely used in rubber industry.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051680101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanical studies on left- and right-handed B-DNA (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular mechanical simulations on base-paired deoxyhexanucleoside phosphates, (dAdT)3 · (dAdT)3, (dTdA)3 · (dTdA)3, (dGdC)3 · (dGdC)3, and (dCdG)3 · (dCdG)3, have been carried out to assess their energetic stabilities in left- and right-handed forms. These hexamers have also been simulated with alternating sugar-puckering profiles with the combinations (purine : C2′-endo-pyrimidine : C3′-endo) and (purine : C3′-endo-pyrimidine C2′-endo). The right-handed models have been found to be the energetically most stable structures and the left-handed structures are significantly destabilized. This instability has been rationalized in terms of competition between stabilizing stacking interactions on one hand, and distortions in the bond angles and torsion angles in the sugar-phosphate backbone on the other.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidomimetics: Synthesis, spectroscopy, and computer simulations (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. S25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, spectroscopy, and computer simulations are used in an integrated approach to elucidate secondary structure of oligopeptides. Three lactam-bridge peptides were synthesized and examined. One of these model compounds was shown to prefer a β-turn conformation, as indicated by spectroscopy (CD and nmr), and by computer simulations of minimum potential energy and of molecular dynamics. Partial retro-inverso cyclic analogs of enkephalin were also synthesized and investigated. Biological activity studies of the analogs indicated that the Gly3 carbonyl group and the side-chain orientation of the L-Leu5 residue are important. Hydrogen-bonding patterns for the three analogs are described in terms of the spectroscopic evidence correlated to the molecular dynamics simulations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective agonists for receptors of substance P and related neurokinins (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neurokinins and their receptors are a complex system consisting of at least three endogenous agents - substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) - and their corresponding receptor types, respectively, NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3. Investigations on receptors have been made using sensitive and fairly selective pharmacological preparations (the dog carotid artery for the NK-1, the rabbit pulmonary artery devoid of endothelium for the NK-2, and the rat portal vein for the NK-3 receptor), and some natural peptides of mammalian and nonmammalian origin. Because of the nonselectivity of the natural peptides, analogues of the neurokinins have been found that act on one receptor only and show therefore high selectivity. The selective agonists [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP, [Nle10]NKA (4-10), and [MePhe7]-NKB have been used successfully for (a) characterizing the three neurokinin receptors, (b) identifying isolated organs whose responses to neurokinins depend on the activation of a single (monoreceptor systems) or of more than one (multireceptor systems) receptor, and (c) elucidating some of the physiological function of the three receptor types. It is suggested that NK-1 mediate peripheral vasodilatation and exocrine secretions, NK-2 stimulate bronchial muscles and facilitate the release of catecholamines, and NK-3 promote the release of acetylcholine in peripheral organs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360280111
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