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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 5 (1985), S. 601-614 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Stokes Equations ; Periodically Constricted Tubes ; Quadrilateral Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of the finite element method in solving the problem of flow of a Newtonian fluid in periodically constricted tubes is explored. The performance of eight node serendipity and nine node Lagrangian elements is compared. It was found that the Lagrangian element results in unstable velocity fields when stagnant or recirculation regions are present. This is characteristic of tubes with large expansion zones. The eight node element does not exhibit instabilities. Both elements give accurate pressure fields. This behaviour is contrary to traditional results obtained for flow problems with similar geometrical characteristics. This suggests that the periodicity of the boundary conditions might be the cause of the instabilities in the numerical solution.The use of the continuity equation to simplify the viscous terms in the Stokes equations resulted, in this particular case, in a deterioration of the rate of convergence of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1987-05-22
    Description: Electrical coupling and dye coupling between pairs of rat hepatocytes were reversibly reduced by brief exposure to halogenated methanes (CBrCl3, CCl4, and CHCl3). The potency of different halomethanes in uncoupling hepatocytes was comparable to their hepatotoxicity in vivo, and the rank order was the same as that of their tendency to form free radicals. The effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on hepatocytes was substantially reduced by prior treatment with SKF 525A, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, and by exposure to the reducing reagent beta-mercaptoethanol. Halomethane uncoupling occurred with or without extracellular calcium and did not change intracellular concentrations of calcium and hydrogen ions or the phosphorylation state of the main gap-junctional protein. Thus the uncoupling appears to depend on cytochrome P-450 oxidative metabolism in which free radicals are generated and may result from oxidation of the gap-junctional protein or of a regulatory molecule that leads to closure of gap-junctional channels. Decreases in junctional conductance may be a rapid cellular response to injury that protects healthy cells by uncoupling them from unhealthy ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saez, J C -- Bennett, M V -- Spray, D C -- GM 30667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 07512/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16424/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bromotrichloromethane/toxicity ; Carbon Tetrachloride/*toxicity ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Chloroform/toxicity ; Electric Conductivity ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*physiology ; Liver/drug effects/pathology/*physiopathology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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