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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and structure of (calix[8]arene methyl ether) · 2CDCl3 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 4 (1986), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: calix[8]arene ; crystal structure ; CDCl3 guest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The methyl ether of calix[8]arene crystallizes from CDCl3 with two molecules of the solvent per molecule of host. An X-ray structural investigation has shown that the CDCl3 guests exist within the calixarene framework. The complex resides on a crystallographic center of inversion, and the cavity is roughly circular in projection as measured by the distance between centroids of aromatic rings related by the center: 14.5, 13.9, 10.1, and 11.2 Å. Six of the oxygen atoms are found on the inside and two on the outside. Crystals belong to the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ witha=11.741(9),b=11.810(9),c=12.484(8) Å, α=94.74(8), β=104.41(8), γ=111.30(9)°, andD c =1.31 g cm−3 forZ=1. Refinement led to a finalR value of 0.086 for 949 observed reflections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657998
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of trimethylaluminum with calixarenes. I. Synthesis and structure of [Calix[8]arene methyl ether] [AlMe3]6·2 toluene and of [p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene methyl ether] [AlMe3]6·4 benzene (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 5 (1987), S. 581-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[8]arene ; crystal structure ; AlMe3 ; aromatic adduct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of the methyl ether of calix[8]arene with AlMe3 yields [calix[8]arene methyl ether] [AlMe3]6·2 toluene,1, while that ofp-tert-butylcalix[8]arene gives [p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene methyl ether] [AlMe3]6·4 benzene,2. Both compounds1 and2 fail to react with alkali metal salts, MX. In1, the absence of a butylpara-substituent affords greater flexibility than is the case for thetert-butyl compound2. Thus, all six of the AlMe3 groups are located on the outside of the macrocyclic ring (in projection) in1, but two AlMe3 units are found on the inside in2. Colorless, air-sensitive crystals of1 belong to the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ witha=13.690(8),b=14.317(4),c=14.738(6) Å, α=76.11(3), β=62.36(4), γ=82.41(4)o, andD c =1.06 g cm−3 forZ=1. Refinement led toR=0.101 for 1154 observed reflections.2 crystallizes in $$P\bar 1$$ with α=12.400(6),b=16.229(8),c=19.251(5) Å, α=96.17(3), β=107.25(3), γ=101.54(3)o, andD c =1.01 g cm−3 forZ=1. Refinement of2 gaveR=0.128 for 4351 observed reflections. The macrocyclic array in both1 and2 lies about a crystallographic center of inversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662997
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative methods of modifying the calixarene conformation. The synthesis and molecular structures oft-butylcalix[4]arene methyl ether complexed with aluminum alkyl species (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 5 (1987), S. 747-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; aluminum alkyl ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The configurations of calix[4]arenes may be modified by the formation of donor-acceptor complexes which make use of the basicity of the oxygen atoms of the macrocycle. The complex [t-butylcalix[4]arene methyl ether][AlMe3]2,2, exhibits the previously unseen ‘1,2-alternate’ geometry, while [t-butylcalix[4]arene methyl ether][MeAlCl2]2,3, and [t-butylcalix[4]arene methyl ether][EtAlCl2]2,4, show the ‘1,3-alternate’ configuration.2 crystallizes in the triclinic space groupPl witha=11.14(1),b=11.60(1),c=12.02(1) Å, α=77.32(8), β=67.91(8), and γ=69.34(8)o withD c =1.06 g cm−3 forZ=1. Refinement based on 1270 observed reflections led toR=0.106.3 as the benzene solvate belongs to the monoclinic space groupC2/c witha=12.116(2),b=21.557(7),c=23.470(6) Å, and β=104.05(2)o withD c =1.13 g cm−3 forZ=4. Refinement based on 2335 observed reflections led toR=0.075.4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupC2/c witha=12.062(4),b=21.175(6),c=21.596(5) Å, and β=100.78(4)o withD c =1.18 g cm−3 forZ=4. Refinement based on 2529 observed reflections gaveR=0.082. The Al-O lengths in all three complexes are normal for donor-acceptor interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656595
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic clays. Synthesis and structure of Na5[calix[4] arene sulfonate] · 12 H2O, K5[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·8 H2O, Rb5[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·5 H2O, and Cs5[calix[4] arene sulfonate] ·4 H2O (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 7 (1989), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; crystal structure ; clay mineral ; alkali metal ion ; layered structure ; water soluble ; sulfonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title calixarenes all exist in the solid state as bilayers of anionic calixarenes in the cone configuration. These layers alternate with inorganic regions which contain the cations and the water molecules. The overall structures bear a close resemblance to those found for clay minerals. The sodium salt crystallizes in the triclinic space groupPĪ witha = 10.998(6),b = 13.582(5),c = 14.472(5) Å,α = 74.01(3),β = 89.09(4),γ = 86.50(4)°, andZ = 2 forD calc = 1.72 g cm−3. Refinement based on 4727 observed reflections led to a conventionalR = 0.050. The potassium salt crystallizes in the triclinic space groupPĪ witha = 11.815(9),b = 13.636(6),c = 14.040(9) Å,α = 100.24(5),β = 111.86(9),γ = 95,14(9)°, andZ = 2 forD calc = 1.77 g cm−3. Refinement based on 2977 observed reflections led toR = 0.15. The rubidium and cesium salts are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic space groupP21/n with parameters for Rb[Cs]a = 11.603(5) [11.704(3)],b = 28.607(8) [29.747(9)],c = 12.512(5) [12.604(4)] Å,β = 91.70(4) [91.63(2)°], andZ = 4 forD calc = 2.01 [2.24] g cm−3. Refinement based on 1750 [4257] observed reflections led toR = 0.108 [0.075]. Disorder of the cations was observed for the rubidium and cesium salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060722
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of reactor biomass by acoustic resonance densitometry (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1241-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) is reported as a method suitable not only for precise investigations into changes of specific gravity in bioreactor media but also as a technique able to provide an accurate wide range and direct determination of cellular mass in fermentation processes. It is further shown that this method can replace present optical procedures, minimizing dilution errors and operator involvement and is suitable for development as an on-line biomass monitoring system.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280816
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line monitoring of cell mass in mammalian cell cultures by acoustic densitometry (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) provides a highly reproducible and stable method for on-line measurement of culture biomass density. The technique provides a direct determination of changes in relative density of culture medium and cell mass. At cell concentrations higher than 106 cells mL-1this method can replace cell counts and provide a continuous measure of total cell mass. In cultures of hybridomas or U937 human lymphoma cells, the ARD value correlates well with cell number except when the average cell size changes during culture. It is argued that cell mass determined by ARD rather than cell number should be used as the basis for measurements of specific biological activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260331103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of gases containing inorganic and organic compounds using a combination of a thick-film capillary column and a packed adsorption column (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 112-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Packed absorption columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural, refinery, and reactor gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic system consisting of one multiport valve, two (hot-wire and flame-ionization) detectors and two analytical columns (one thick-film capillary and one packed adsorption column) is used for the analysis of gas samples containing a number of inorganic compounds (hydrogen, argon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) and organic compounds. Examples include samples containing hydrocarbons up to n-nonane and benzene and toluene. The system also permits the analysis of more complicated samples containing, for example, alcohols, in addition to hydrocarbons.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A miscible nylon blend with poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 857-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer blends of an amorphous polyamide with poly(2vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) are presented. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that the system exists as a single phase material as evidenced by a single glass transition temperature. However, as illustrated by light scattering studies, this miscible binary mixture possesses a relatively low, lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigations indicate that the interactions occur in the blend between the N—H group of the polyamide and the —N: atom of P2VP and that the strength of the Interactions between the components is nearly identical to that occurring in the self-association of the pure amorphous polyamide. Additionally, by monitoring the concentration of “free” carbonyl groups, a quantitative measure of the number of interactions occurring in the blend is obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the rheology of cold drawing. I. Elastic materialsDedicated to Hershel Markovitz on the occasion of his retirement from Carnegie Mellon. (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 1801-1822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this, the first paper in a series on neck formation and steady-state drawing of polymeric fibers and films under uniaxial tension, the emphasis is laid on those aspects of the mechanics of cold drawing that are not sensitive to viscoelastic effects and, therefore, can be treated by use of constitutive assumptions appropriate to elastic materials. It is here shown that a unidimensional theory which has been employed to model the mechanics of slender bars in tension6 can be derived as an approximation for three-dimensional bars and, in a sense which can be made precise, is valid to within an error of the order of the fourth power of the thickness. A particular constitutive equation for incompressible, three-dimensional, elastic materials is explored in detail and is found to yield, for such slender bars as thin fibers and wide (but thin) strips of film, equations of equilibrium whose solutions are in good qualitative accordance with the necks and drawing configurations observed in practice.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260901
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of low density lipoproteins onto selected biomedical polymers (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 683-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study examines the interaction of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) with a select group of biomedical polymers. The adsorption characteristics of LDL on cured filler-free poly(dimethyl Siloxane) (C-PDMS), Biomer, Cardiomat 610, Kraton 1650, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and glass are presented. Adsorption of LDL to charged hydrophilic glass control surfaces occurred rapidly, reaching plateau concentrations within one minute (0.19 ± 0.01 ug/cm2). Adsorption of LDL to polymer surfaces appeared to be dependent upon both the polymer hydrophobicity (or apolar nature), and flexibility (or dynamic nature) at the interface. Increased surface concentrations were observed for Biomer (0.32 ± 0.01 ug/cm2) as well as other polymers which exhibited both hydrophobic and elastomeric próperties. Temperature changes between 25°C and 37°C were found to significantly influence the surface concentration of LDL on Biomer (0.16 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 at 25°C versus 0.32 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 at 37°C). A lipid core phase transition at 36°C was believed to be responsible for the temperature influence. Preliminary competitive adsorption studies of LDL with albumin (HSA) and serum on silicone surfaces suggests that LDL adsorption occurred rapidly and preferentially (0.25 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 for LDL alone; 0.33 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 for LDL + HSA; 0.15 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 LDL + serum). Preliminary studies on the role of LDL in calcification were not conclusive. It can be concluded that LDL adsorption is dependent upon polymer hydrophobicity, flexibility and temperature. Competitive adsorption experiments suggests that LDL may have substantial influence on protein adsorption.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820210602
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