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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf disc size and insect feeding preference: implications for assays and studies on induction of plant defense (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding behavior ; leaf center or edge feeders ; chemical signals ; trial design ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plagiodera versicolora Laich (Coléo., Chrysomelidae) a préféré significativement consommer les grandes rondelles (diamètre 17 mm) de Populus deltoides préalablement exposées à l'ozone ambiant, aux témoins exposés à de l'air filtré sur charbon de bois. Cependant, quand le diamètre a été réduit à 10 mm, les insectes n'ont plus préféré les feuilles soumises à l'ozone. Les préférences alimentaires de cet insecte consommant le centre des feuilles ont probablement changé parceque les signaux chimiques de la coupure ont surpassé ou masqué ceux des petits disques. Ainsi, le rapport périmètre sur surface du disque est un critère important de la procédure expérimentale. L'influence de la taille du disque dépend vraisemblablement du fait que l'insecte consomme le centre ou la pourtour de la feuille, de la taille de l'insecte et du type d'expérience. Nous en avons déduit que l'effet de la taille du disque est fréquent particulièrement chez les insectes consommant le centre des feuilles. Les modificatons du choix des insectes lorsque les plantes avaient été présentées sous forme de rondelles au lieu de feuilles ou plantes entières, peuvent être expliqués aussi par le changement des signaux provoqué par le découpage des rondelles, plutôt que par l'induction de modifications chimiques dues à la cueillette, comme cela a été précédemment indiqué par différents auteurs. Par ailleurs, dans les conditions naturelles, des changements dans les signaux chimiques des feuilles dus à une consommation antérieure par des insectes, peuvent être aussi importants dans le comportement alimentaire des insectes que n'importe quel changement chimique induit dans les feuilles par les dégâts.
    Notes: Abstract The size of cottonwood (Populus deltoides L. Bartr.) leaf discs used in insect feeding preference trials with the chrysomelid beetle, Plagiodera versicoloraLaich., was shown to affect behavior, and the outcome of the feeding trial. It is suggested that disc size has an effect because it alters the ratio of chemical signals from the cut leaf edge to those of the intact leaf center. The implications of this finding to the design of bioassays; to previously noted differences in feeding behavior for insects on discs versus leaves; and to the study of feeding preference and induction of plant defense are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect performance: cottonwood, ozone and a leaf beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Plant stress ; Populus deltoides ; Ozone effects ; Insect fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaf area consumption rates, development rates, survivorship, and fecundity of the imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora Laich) were examined on two clones of eastern cottonwood which were previously exposed to ozone or charcoal-filtered air. P. versicolora consumed more ozone treated foliage, but were more fecund when reared on charcoal-filtered air treated plants. Beetle development rates and survivorship were not significantly different on treated and control cottonwoods. We concluded that: 1) Ozone fumigation of cottonwood reduced foliage quality, and the reproductive success and overall performance of P. versicolora. 2) increased foliage consumption by beetles was probably a mechanism compensating for decreases in foliage quality. 3) Reductions in beetle fecundity were due to an initial reduction in oviposition rates. 4) Beetle feeding preference did not correlate with the suitability of foliage for beetle performance. These results are discussed in relation to the impact of air pollution on plant-insect interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379600
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect behavior: cottonwood, ozone and the feeding and oviposition preference of a beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides ; Clones ; Damage distribution ; Community structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adults and larvae of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora preferred to feed on and consumed more of cottonwood, Populus deltoides, plant material that had been previously exposed to an acute dose of ozone (0.20 ppm, 5 h), compared to controls in choice experiments. However, females preferred to oviposit on the unexposed controls. Results were consistent for 2 cottonwood clones over 3 years in disc, leaf and whole-plant choice tests. The differential feeding and oviposition response of this insect to stressed plants could have at least 3 unexpected consequences: 1. An immediate increase in damage to stressed trees, but a subsequent decrease in damage. 2. A subsequent increase in damage to unstressed adjacent trees. 3. Changes in the insect and pathogen communities of both stressed and unstressed trees. These complex scenarios show that predicting outcomes of plant stress on plant-insect interactions will require comprchensive examination of behavioral, growth and reproductive responses of insects to stressed plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of reactor biomass by acoustic resonance densitometry (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1241-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) is reported as a method suitable not only for precise investigations into changes of specific gravity in bioreactor media but also as a technique able to provide an accurate wide range and direct determination of cellular mass in fermentation processes. It is further shown that this method can replace present optical procedures, minimizing dilution errors and operator involvement and is suitable for development as an on-line biomass monitoring system.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280816
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line monitoring of cell mass in mammalian cell cultures by acoustic densitometry (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) provides a highly reproducible and stable method for on-line measurement of culture biomass density. The technique provides a direct determination of changes in relative density of culture medium and cell mass. At cell concentrations higher than 106 cells mL-1this method can replace cell counts and provide a continuous measure of total cell mass. In cultures of hybridomas or U937 human lymphoma cells, the ARD value correlates well with cell number except when the average cell size changes during culture. It is argued that cell mass determined by ARD rather than cell number should be used as the basis for measurements of specific biological activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260331103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of gases containing inorganic and organic compounds using a combination of a thick-film capillary column and a packed adsorption column (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 112-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Packed absorption columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural, refinery, and reactor gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic system consisting of one multiport valve, two (hot-wire and flame-ionization) detectors and two analytical columns (one thick-film capillary and one packed adsorption column) is used for the analysis of gas samples containing a number of inorganic compounds (hydrogen, argon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) and organic compounds. Examples include samples containing hydrocarbons up to n-nonane and benzene and toluene. The system also permits the analysis of more complicated samples containing, for example, alcohols, in addition to hydrocarbons.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A miscible nylon blend with poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 857-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer blends of an amorphous polyamide with poly(2vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) are presented. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that the system exists as a single phase material as evidenced by a single glass transition temperature. However, as illustrated by light scattering studies, this miscible binary mixture possesses a relatively low, lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigations indicate that the interactions occur in the blend between the N—H group of the polyamide and the —N: atom of P2VP and that the strength of the Interactions between the components is nearly identical to that occurring in the self-association of the pure amorphous polyamide. Additionally, by monitoring the concentration of “free” carbonyl groups, a quantitative measure of the number of interactions occurring in the blend is obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the rheology of cold drawing. I. Elastic materialsDedicated to Hershel Markovitz on the occasion of his retirement from Carnegie Mellon. (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 1801-1822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this, the first paper in a series on neck formation and steady-state drawing of polymeric fibers and films under uniaxial tension, the emphasis is laid on those aspects of the mechanics of cold drawing that are not sensitive to viscoelastic effects and, therefore, can be treated by use of constitutive assumptions appropriate to elastic materials. It is here shown that a unidimensional theory which has been employed to model the mechanics of slender bars in tension6 can be derived as an approximation for three-dimensional bars and, in a sense which can be made precise, is valid to within an error of the order of the fourth power of the thickness. A particular constitutive equation for incompressible, three-dimensional, elastic materials is explored in detail and is found to yield, for such slender bars as thin fibers and wide (but thin) strips of film, equations of equilibrium whose solutions are in good qualitative accordance with the necks and drawing configurations observed in practice.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260901
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of low density lipoproteins onto selected biomedical polymers (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 683-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study examines the interaction of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) with a select group of biomedical polymers. The adsorption characteristics of LDL on cured filler-free poly(dimethyl Siloxane) (C-PDMS), Biomer, Cardiomat 610, Kraton 1650, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and glass are presented. Adsorption of LDL to charged hydrophilic glass control surfaces occurred rapidly, reaching plateau concentrations within one minute (0.19 ± 0.01 ug/cm2). Adsorption of LDL to polymer surfaces appeared to be dependent upon both the polymer hydrophobicity (or apolar nature), and flexibility (or dynamic nature) at the interface. Increased surface concentrations were observed for Biomer (0.32 ± 0.01 ug/cm2) as well as other polymers which exhibited both hydrophobic and elastomeric próperties. Temperature changes between 25°C and 37°C were found to significantly influence the surface concentration of LDL on Biomer (0.16 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 at 25°C versus 0.32 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 at 37°C). A lipid core phase transition at 36°C was believed to be responsible for the temperature influence. Preliminary competitive adsorption studies of LDL with albumin (HSA) and serum on silicone surfaces suggests that LDL adsorption occurred rapidly and preferentially (0.25 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 for LDL alone; 0.33 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 for LDL + HSA; 0.15 ± 0.01 ug/cm2 LDL + serum). Preliminary studies on the role of LDL in calcification were not conclusive. It can be concluded that LDL adsorption is dependent upon polymer hydrophobicity, flexibility and temperature. Competitive adsorption experiments suggests that LDL may have substantial influence on protein adsorption.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820210602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrieval and analysis of a clinical total artificial heart (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Examination by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray microanalysis of a clinical total artificial heart (TAH) implanted for 112 days revealed no evidence of calcification, pannus, or vegetative thrombus. A macroscopic thrombus was seen along the suture line in the right atrium but did not obstruct blood flow or valve function. Microscopic thrombi (〈0.1 mm) and evidence of microemboli were observed on the pumping diaphragm using SEM. Characterization of selected polyetherurethane (PEU) samples from the pumping bladders and housing by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) revealed unexpected differences between postmortem retrieved ventricles. Although the origin of these differences could be traced back to batch-to-batch variations in the original PEU material (Biomer), the precise nature of the observed differences in chemical structure and/or composition is still unknown. Numerical comparison between pyrolysis mass spectra from PEU samples exposed to blood or tissue and unexposed samples from the same ventricles did not detect evidence of biodegradation. Continual improvements in fabrication and quality control should minimize surface imperfections and ensure polymer reproducibility; however, existing materials and design parameters appear to be adequate for continued clinical implantation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820200402
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