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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion and solid dissolution/precipitation in permeable media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1057-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have developed an analytical solution which describes mineral zonation caused by diffusion in permeable media. For a semiinfinite domain, the species conservation equations transform into ordinary differential equations that yield a closed-form solution. The solution exhibits shock dissolution/precipitation fronts and gradual (nonshock) precipitation fronts. The solution can exhibit regions (gaps) containing no reactive solids which separate moving dissolution and precipitation fronts. The analysis is, in principle, extendable to include intraaqueous reactions, although the mathematics quickly becomes intractable.Numerical simulation exhibits all of the features of the more restricted analytical solution and is in good agreement with the data on hydroxyapatite dissolution taken by Kim and Cussler (1987).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350702
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rule-based mineral sequences in geochemical flow processes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1607-1614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The infiltration of an aqueous solution into a permeable medium generally results in the dissolution of some of the minerals initially present and the possible precipitation of others. When the infiltration velocities are small, as is the case for many natural processes, conditions of local equilibrium apply and the dissolution and precipitation processes exhibit a wave-type behavior reminiscent of chromatogrphic fronts. Zones of constant composition (state) will be separated by narrow regions within which the aqueous and solid phase concentrations exhibit sharp changes. Because of this wave-like structure, an algebraic solution of the coupled material balance equations exists, but in a form that involves a trial and error solution procedure which has heretofore discouraged its application. This paper describes the essence of a scheme which uses a combination of graph theory and heuristics to minimize trials and thereby render the algebraic solution practical. The scheme offers an alternative to time-sequencing solutions (e.g., finite difference) of the set of partial differential equations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular thermodynamics of aqueous two-phase systems for bioseparations (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1585-1594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aqueous polymer-polymer two-phase systems provide a powerful method for separating biomolecules by extraction. When a complex mixture of biomolecules (e.g., a fermentation broth or a solution of lysed cells) is added to such a system, biomolecules partition uniquely between the two phases, achieving separation.A thermodynamic framework is presented for optimizing extraction performance in biological separations. First, a molecular-thermodynamic model, based on the osmotic virial equation, is proposed to describe phase equilibria for dilute aqueous mixtures containing polymers and protein. Second, experimental phase-equilibrium data (protein partition coefficients) are reported for a number of model proteins including albumin, lysozyme, and α-chymotrypsin. To interpret and correlate the experimental data, Low-Angle Laser-Light Scattering (LALLS) measurements were made to determine osmotic second virial coefficients for aqueous mixtures containing polymers, proteins, salts (KCl, KH2PO4 and K2SO4 at concentrations of 50 and 100 mM) and several combinations of polymer-polymer and polymer-protein pairs. Combined with electrochemical measurements (differences in potential between the two phases and protein net charge), these data provide parameters for the model to calculate the desired phase equilibria. A comparison of calculated and experimental results indicates that the virial-equation model provides good prediction of binodals and a reliable basis for estimating infinite-dilution protein partition coefficients for biotechnical process design.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PVC thermoplastic elastomers (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 10 (1988), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the development and properties of a new family of thermoplastic elastomers based on polyvinyl chloride.Comparisons of the new products with traditional flexible PVC's will be presented, pointing up differences in specific gravity, low temperature properties, heat resistance, melt viscosity, and general physical properties such as tensile modulus and elongation.The elastomeric properties of the new materials are explored and compared to some typical cured elastomers - chloroprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The common thermoplastic elastomers based on block copolymers and polyurethanes are also considered in relation to the new compositions. Such properties as compression-set, flex and fatigue resistance, oil and chemical resistance, weatherability, and performance at elevated temperatures are detailed.The unique feature of this technology that allows one to tailor the surface characteristics from typically high PVC gloss to the fine dull satin finish of cured elastomers is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730100108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes (1987)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9 (1987), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730090312
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  • 6
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    Sample band spreading phenomena in ground and space-based electrophoretic separators (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Sample stream spreading in the transverse direction (direction perpendicular to the chamber center plane) is calculated for two ground-based and one space-based continuous flow electrophoresis chambers. The magnitude of transverse sample stream spreading is shown to be a function of the difference in electrical conductivity between the sample and curtain buffer. Sample/buffer conductivity mismatch distorts the normally uniform electrical field in the vicinity of the sample to produce transverse field components which, in turn, deflect sample material toward the chamber walls. These results indicate that nongravity effects are important and must be resolved in order for space-based continuous flow electrophoresis to achieve its maximum potential.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Electrophoresis (ISSN 0173-0835); 7; 113-120
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Application of partition technology to particle electrophoresis (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effects of polymer-ligand concentration on particle electrophoretic mobility and partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems are investigated. Polymer coating chemistry and affinity ligand synthesis, purification, and analysis are conducted. It is observed that poly (ethylene glycol)-ligands are effective for controlling particle electrophoretic mobility.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Preliminary observations of the effect of solutal convection on crystal morphology (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Studies to examine the effect of solutal convection on crystal morphology using sucrose as a model system were initiated. Aspect ratios, defined as the width of the 100-plane-oriented face over the width of the 001-plane-oriented face, were determined for oriented crystals which were grown with either the 001-oriented or the 100-oriented face perpendicular to the convective flow. The dependence of the crystal morphology on orientation is much greater for crystals grown with one face occluded than for crystals grown suspended in solution. Many factors appear to interact in a complex fashion to influence crystal morphology.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 90; 1-3,
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Preparative electrophoresis for space (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A premise of continuous flow electrophoresis is that removal of buoyance-induced thermal convection caused by axial and lateral temperature gradients results in ideal performance of these instruments in space. Although these gravity dependent phenomena disturb the rectilinear flow in the separation chamber when high voltage gradients or thick chamber are used, distortion of the injected sample stream due to electrodynamic effects cause major broadening of the separated bands. The electrophoresis separation process is simple, however flow local to the sample filament produced by the applied electric field were not considered. These electrohydrodynamic flows distort the sample stream and limit the separation. Also, electroosmosis and viscous flow combine to further distort the process. A moving wall concept is being proposed for space which will eliminate and control the disturbances. The moving wall entrains the fluid to move as a rigid body and produces a constant residence time for all samples distributed across the chamber thickness. The moving wall electrophoresis chamber can only be operated in space because there is no viscous flow in the chamber to stabilize against thermal convection.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Microgravity Science and Applications Flight Programs, January - March 1987, Selected Papers, Volume 1; p 27-46
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Continuous flow electrophoresis system experiments on shuttle flights STS-6 and STS-7 (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The development of a space continuous flow electrophoresis system (CFES) is discussed. The objectives of the experiment were: (1) to use a model sample material at a high concentration to evaluate the continuous flow electrophoresis process in the McDonnell Douglass CFES instrument and compare its separation resolution and sample throughput with related devices on Earth, and (2) to expand the basic knowledge of the limitations imposed by fluid flows and particle concentration effects on the electrophoresis process by careful design and evaluation of the space experiment. Hemoglobin and polysaccharide were selected as samples of concentration effects. The results from space show a large band spread of the high concentration of the single species of hemoglobin that was principally due to the mismatch of electrical conductivity between the sample and buffer.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Microgravity Science and Applications Flight Programs, January - March 1987, Selected Papers, Volume 1; p 5-26
    Format: application/pdf
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