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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (4)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers, 16Part 15, cf. B. H. Hutchinson and C. L. McCormick, Polymer 27, 623 (1986).. Studies of the behavior of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide copolymers in aqueous salt solutions (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 357-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide more commonly known as diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) polymers and acrylamide/diacetone acrylamide copolymers in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions has been examined. 13C NMR and IR studies do not support the formation of a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring structure in the DAAM moiety as an explanation of the unusual increase in solution viscosity shown by these copolymers upon addition of salt. A 12-membered hydrogen-bonded structure involving the diacetone acrylamide side chain and an adjacent acrylamide unit is proposed which is consistent with the available data and which would explain the viscosity behavior. Another possible structure involves hydrogen bonding between adjacent comonomers through amide/imine resonance structures. Copolymer microstructure as indicated by calculated pentad and triad frequencies supports either of these proposed structures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers. XIII. Copolymers of acrylamide with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate: Solution properties (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2619-2634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dilute solution properties of copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) of known molecular weight have been studied as a function of composition, temperature, time, pH, and added electrolytes. Phase separation and potentiometric studies have also been performed. The AM-NaAMB copolymers exhibit high solution viscosities, good salt tolerance, and moderate viscosity-temperature coefficients. In addition, these copolymers exhibit no phase separation in the presence of divalent cations as is common with many such carboxylated polyelectrolytes. These properties are due to favorable conformations in solution resulting from microstructure and hydrogen bonding effects.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers. XII. Copolymers of acrylamide with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate: Synthesis and characterization (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2635-2645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) has been studied. The value of r1r2 has been determined to be 0.56 for the AM-NaAMB pair. The molecular weights of the copolymers were relatively unaffected by monomer feed ratios. The copolymer microstructures, including run numbers and sequence distributions, were calculated from the reactivity ratios. The solution properties of the AM-NaAMB copolymers, as well as the NaAMB homopolymer, will be reported in a subsequent paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241020
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers. XXV. Ion-binding studies of N-substituted acrylamide copolymers using potentiometric and spectroscopic methods (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1329-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic and potentiometric methods have been used to study the ionic properties of several N-substituted acrylamide copolymers that display unusual ion-binding character. The ionic groups and the amide groups (both on the same repeating unit and on adjacent acrylamide units) in the copolymers are found to chelate calcium ions. The stabilizing effect of this amide chelation is found to be dependent on copolymer composition. A model is proposed to explain the unusual binding behavior of the acrylamide polymers. This involves the formation of an intramonomer chelate or one with neighboring acrylamide units that prevent precipitation of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between changes in ploidy and stable cellular resistance to hydrogen peroxide (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 592-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Stable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-resistant variants of the Chinese hamster ovary HA-1 line have been isolated by culturing cells in progressively increasing concentrations of H2O2 (〉200 days, in 50-800 μM H2O2). Increases in catalase activity in these variant cell lines were shown to correlate with increased H2O2 resistance. Stable (〉240 days) H2O2-resistant cell lines, seven quasidiploid (21-22 chromosomes/cell) and six quasitetraploid (40-44 chromosomes/cell) were clonally isolated from the 800 μM adapted H2O2-resistant variants which were heterogeneous with respect to ploidy. The H2O2 dose-modifying factors (DMFs) were 3, 5, 8, 13, 15, 26, and 27 for the seven quasidiploid cell lines, and 21, 32, 38, 40, 42, and 49 for the six quasitetraploid cell lines. The mean DMF was 14±10 for the former and 37±10 for the latter. Our data show that on the average the quasitetraploid cell lines were significantly more resistant to H2O2-mediated cell killing than the quasidiploid cell lines derived from the same mixed population of 800 μM H2O2-adapted cells. When catalase activities (k units/cell) of the HA-1 cells and three of the clonally derived cell lines (two quasidiploid and one quasitetraploid) were determined and plotted vs. H2O2-DMF, a positive linear correlation was obtained (correlation coefficient = 0.99). This result was further confirmed when immunoreactive catalase protein/cell was detected by Western blots. Our data show that chronic exposure of cells to H2O2 stress (800 μM) was accompanied by increases in quasitetraploid cells within the population. Quasitetraploid cell lines derived from this population demonstrated increased stable H2O2-resistance which may be related to stable increases in the expression of catalase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390320
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers. XI. Selectivity in the graft copolymerization of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl)acrylamide comonomers onto dextran by Ce(IV)-induced initiation (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characteristic behavior in the graft copolymerization of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl)acrylamide (AM/DAAM) comonomers onto dextran by Ce(IV)-induced initiation was investigated. From a preliminary study, it was found that ceric ammonium nitrate polymerized AM/DAAM comonomer mixtures and diacetone acrylamide, but not acrylamide alone in the aqueous solution. The effect of grafting conditions on the graft copolymerization product was studied with the aid of aqueous size exclusion chromatography and the anthrone reagent. The selectivity of formation of the graft copolymer over random copolymer was found to increase as the reaction temperature and AM/DAAM ratio increased and as both the Ce(IV)/Dextran molar ratio and HNO3 concentration decreased. After establishing optimum grafting conditions, graft copolymer samples were prepared, and their aqueous solution behavior studied as functions of structure, temperature, and added salts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers, XXIII. Copolymers of acrylamide with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide: Synthesis and characterization (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Copolymerisation von Acrylamid (AM) mit N-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamid (PDAAM) wurde im Bereich von 5 bis 20% PDAAM in der Ausgangsmischung untersucht. Die Copolymerenzusammensetzungen wurden mit Hilfe der Elementaranalyse und der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt. Untersuchungen des Reaktivitätsverhältnisses wurden durchgeführt und der Wert des Produktes r1 r2 zu 2,20 bestimmt. Die Molekulargewichte der Copolymeren sinken mit steigendem PDAAM-Gehalt in der Ausgangsmischung. Die Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren wurde aus den experimentell bestimmten Reaktivitätsverhältnissen ermittelt. Diese Modellstrukturen wurden zur Abschätzung der Beziehung zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaften in verdünnter Lösung verwendet, die in einer nachfolgenden Veröffentlichung vorgestellt wird.
    Notes: The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide (PDAAM) has been studied in the range from 5 to 20% PDAAM in the feed. The copolymer compositions have been determined from elemental analysis and 13C-NMR. Reactivity ratio studies have been performed and the value of r1 r2 determined to be 2.20. The molecular weights of the copolymers were found to decrease with increasing PDAAM content in the feed. The copolymer microstructures were predicted from the experimentally determined reactivity ratios. These model structures are utilized for assessment of structure/dilute solution property relationships reported in a subsequent paper in this series.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051440106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-soluble copolymers, XXIVPart XXIII, cf. lit.3. Copolymers of acrylamide with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide: Solution properties (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lösungseigenschaften von Copolymeren aus Acrylamid (AM) und N-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamid (PDAAM) mit bekanntem Molekulargewicht wurden in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung, von zugesetzten Elektrolyten und der Polymerkonzentration untersucht. Arrhenius-Untersuchungen wurden mit Hilfe der Viskosimetrie und der NMR-Spektroskopie durchgeführt. Untersuchungen der Phasenseparation wurden mit Hilfe von Trübungstitrationen vorgenommen. Die Lösungseigenschaften der AM-PDAAM-Copolymeren werden durch die Anwesenheit von intramolekularen hydrophoben Wechselwirkungen bestimmt. Diese Wechselwirkungen können zu einer Abnahme der hydrodynamischen Ausdehnungen im Vergleich zu Polyacrylamid mit ähnlichem Molekulargewicht führen.
    Notes: Solution properties of copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide (PDAAM) of known molecular weight have been studied as a function of composition, added electrolytes, and polymer concentration. Arrhenius-type studies have been performed by viscometry and NMR to assess the effects of temperature. Phase separation studies have also been performed using turbidimetry. The solution properties of the AM-PDAAM copolymers are dictated by the presence of intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. These interactions may result in decreased hydrodynamic dimensions relative to polyacrylamide of similar molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051440107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of diploid human fibroblasts by DNA transfection with the v-sis oncogene (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The simian sarcoma virus (SSV) oncogene (v-sis) has a high degree of homology to the cellular gene coding for the B peptide of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent fibroblast mitogen. The cellular homolog of v-sis is activated in some mesenchymal human tumors and cell lines drived from them. To determine the phenotype produced by v-sis in diploid human fibroblasts, we constructed plasmids containing the SSV provirus and drugresistance markers and transfected them into early-passage human cells. Fibroblasts that had integrated the plasmid were selected for drug resistance and shown to contain and express the v-sis oncogene by DNA and RNA hybridization. The v-sis-expressing cells grew to higher saturation densities than control cells transfected with vector plasmid alone and formed large, well defined foci. This allowed selection of transfectants directly for focus formation. The v-sis transformed cells continued to grow well in the absence of serum, whereas age-matched, vector-transfected control cells ceased replicating under these conditions so that the final difference in density between the two populations was tenfold. Incorporation of thymidine in serum-free medium by the v-sis-transformed cells was independent of exogenous PDGF. In contrast, PDGF increased thymidine incorporation in such medium by the control cells to the level found in the v-sis-transformed cells with or without added PDGF. These results suggest that expression of the v-sis oncogene in diploid human fibroblasts causes sufficient endogenous synthesis of the B chain of PDGF to allow transformants to grow to abnormally high cell densities. When individual v-sis-transformed cells were grown on a background of normal cells, this higher cell density at confluence could be visualized as a focus.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041280225
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet-derived growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor induce anchorage-independent growth of human fibroblasts (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 137 (1988), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Anchorage-independent growth, i.e., growth in semi-solid medium is considered a marker of cellular transformation of fibroblast cells. Diploid human fibroblasts ordinarily do not exhibit such growth but can grow transiently when medium contains high concentrations of fetal bovine serum. This suggests that some growth factor(s) in serum is responsible for anchorage-independent growth. Much work has been done to characterize the peptide growth factor requirements of various rodent fibroblast cells for anchorage-independent growth; however, the requirements of human fibroblasts are not known. To determine the peptide growth factor requirements of human fibroblasts for anchorage-independent growth, we used medium containing serum that had had its peptide growth factors inactivated. We found that either platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or the basic form of fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced anchorage-independent growth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not enhance the growth induced by PDGF, or did so only slightly. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) decreased the growth induced by PDGF. EGF combined with TGF-β induced colony formation in semi-solid medium at concentrations at which neither growth factor by itself was effective, but the combination was much less effective in stimulating anchorage-independent growth than PDGF or bFGF. This work showed that PDGF, or bFGF, or EGF combined with TGF-β can stimulate anchorage-independent growth of nontransformed human fibroblasts. The results support the idea that cellular transformation may reduce or eliminate the need for exogenous PDGF or bFGF.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041370328
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