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  • Articles  (505)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (412)
  • Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
  • Male
  • 1985-1989  (505)
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  • Articles  (505)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arthropod immune system: I. Comparative light and electron microscopic accounts of immunocytes and other hemocytes of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopy (LM) and scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disclose seven types of hemocytes in adults of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) - namely, prohemocytes (PR), granulocytes (GR), plasmatocytes (PL), spherulocytes (SP), adipohemocytes (AD), coagulocytes (CO), and oenocytoids (OE). Their shape, size, surface appearance, and internal ultrastructure are characterized here. The shapes and relative sizes of hemocytes noted in vitro have been compared with those flowing through the wing veins (in vivo). The GRs constitute more than 90% of the hemocyte population and have roles in the defense system such as encapsulation and phagocytosis. They are characterized by numerous cytoplasmic granules and marginal microtubular bundles, which are commonly noted in the blood cells of both vertebrates and invertebrates, but have been rarely reported in insect hemocytes. The PRs are characterized by being spherical and small, having a relatively large nucleus and a small area of cytoplasm. The polymorphic PLs have some micropapillae on the cell surface and fewer granules than the GRs. The SPs are characterized by an oblate shape, raspberrylike appearance in SEM, and many spherules in the cytoplasm. The ADs are spherical and have large, refringent fat droplets. The COs possess a distinctive cartwheellike appearance when observed by LM but resemble GRs in TEM preparations. The OEs are opaque and often have an eccentric nucleus. Of the seven types of hemocytes, all, except the COs, can be recognized both in vivo and in vitro by LM; the COs can be recognized only in vitro. SEM does not allow the COs to be distinguished from the GRs, except in samples in which coagulation has occurred. All hemocyte types can be recognized by TEM. Thus, all three types of microscopy allow the various types of hemocytes to be recognized; unequivocal discrimination among the cells is best achieved by combining all the three kinds of microscopy.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human sperm-egg interaction in vitro (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 15 (1986), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: in vitro fertilization ; sperm-egg fusion ; polyspermy ; sperm incorporation ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The early events of gamete membrane fusion and sperm incorporation are portrayed, which are possibly the earliest pictures of human conception on record.Oocytes recovered at laparoscopy from an in vitro fertilization programme using clomiphene and human menopausal and chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation were zona-punctured and examined for polyspermic penetration 3-6 hours after insemination. Three eggs were penetrated, and one donor became pregnant in the same cycle.Fusion occurred between the oolemma and the midsegment of the sperm cell membrane extending from the equatorial vestige of the acrosome to the anterior region of the postacrosomal segment. Only acrosome-reacted sperm were capable of fusing with the egg. Fusion was followed by incorporation of the spermhead into the ooplasm by a process akin to phagocytosis. Sperm chromatin decondensation occurred by progressive inflation and disorganization of the original nuclear envelope.The mechanism of gamete fusion and sperm incorporation resembles that observed during human monospermic fertilization and generally conforms to that reported for eutherian mammals.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120150405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ultrarapid freezing on meiotic and mitotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 21 (1988), S. 385-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spindles ; oocytes ; embryos ; microtubules ; cryopreservation ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Preovulatory mouse oocytes and 2-cell embryos were frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide and propanediol by an ultrarapid method. The survival of frozen oocytes was low (33-34%) compared to that of 2-cell embryos (78-79%) with either cryoprotectant. Development to blastocysts after postthaw culture was about 7-15% for oocytes and 79-80% for the embryos.Ultrarapid freezing preserves cell structure quite well as revealed by electron microscopy, but meiotic oocytes and late 2-cell embryos undergoing mitosis showed evidence of spindle disorganization involving loss or clumping of microtubules resulting in some scattering of chromosomes. Embryos developed from frozen eggs showed clear evidence of micronuclear formation and incomplete incorporation of chromosomal material into main nuclei. These experiments confirm our observations on freezing of human oocytes and show that spindle microtubules are sensitive to freeze-thawing and that cryopreservation could cause chromosomal aberrations during early development. A cautious approach to the introduction of oocyte freezing in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs is advocated.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120210407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of early human embryos frozen with 1,2 propanediol (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 19 (1988), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; IVF ; in vitro fertilization ; embryo-freezing ; ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies by a French group (Fertil Steril 44:645-651, 1985) have shown that two-to eight-cell human embryos can survive slow freeze-thawing with propanediol in a biological freezer. These embryos were assessed for morphological appearance by phase-contrast microscopy. We assessed the structure of 25 frozen-thawed one- to 12-cell embryos, obtained from our in vitro fertilization (IVF) and GIFT programmes, by phase-contrast and electron microscopy, using the same method of cryopreservation. One-fourth of the embryos examined had all cells intact, and more than one-half the embryos had over 50% of their cells well preserved. Some of these embryos had unequal blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments. Ultrastructural assessment revealed good preservation of fine structure in the intact blastomeres of all embryos and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts. Most cytoplasmic organelles, cell membranes, and nuclei were well preserved compared to nonfrozen controls. The cells that were cryoinjured showed varying degrees of disorganization of the cell membrane, cytosol, and cellular membranes, including swelling and disruption of the nuclear envelope. Disruption of the zona was somewhat rare. Small cytoplasmic fragments were less prone to cryoinjury than blastomeres. The use of propanediol for embryo cryopreservation seems to be feasible; frozen embryos with more than 50% cells intact have produced 10 pregnancies after embryo transfer (Fertil Steril 46:268-272, 1986). Replacement of 17 frozen embryos in seven patients has resulted in a twin pregnancy in Singapore. However, the effects of freezing on the mitotic spindles of embryonic cells need to be investigated further.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120190305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological variation in cryo-microanalytical data from mouse small intestinal villi (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature ; Microanalysis ; Duodenum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Microanalysis data obtained using low temperature scanning electron microscopy of frozen hydrated etched mouse duodenum gives information about peak/background ratios of various elements in different cellular compartments. The present paper describes ways in which the data can be analyzed to minimize artifactual variations and to make clear where there are genuine differences in peak/background ratios when readings from different animals are compared. Using these methods, it is shown that in some areas of villous epithelium there are measurable differences in the ratios of sodium, calcium, and sulphur.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050107
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  • 6
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    Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Methotrexate coupled to maleylated bovine serum albumin was taken up efficiently through the "scavenger" receptors present on macrophages and led to selective killing of intracellular Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes in cultured hamster peritoneal macrophages. The drug conjugate was nearly 100 times as effective as free methotrexate in eliminating the intracellular parasites. Furthermore, in a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in hamsters, the drug conjugate brought about more than 90% reduction in the size of footpad lesions within 11 days. In contrast, the free drug at a similar concentration did not significantly affect lesion size. These studies demonstrate the potential of receptor-mediated drug delivery in the therapy of macrophage-associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukhopadhyay, A -- Chaudhuri, G -- Arora, S K -- Sehgal, S -- Basu, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Kinetics ; Leishmania mexicana/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/metabolism/*parasitology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mesocricetus ; Methotrexate/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Receptors, Lipoprotein ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; Serum Albumin, Bovine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Neurovisceral and skeletal GM1-gangliosidosis in dogs with beta-galactosidase deficiency (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: Beta-galactosidase-deficient siblings in two litters of English springer spaniel puppies showed a progressive neurological impairment, dwarfism, orbital hypertelorism, and dysostosis multiplex. An excess of GM1-ganglioside was found in the brain. Three abnormal oligosaccharides were present in samples of urine, brain, liver, and cartilage. Light microscopy of selected tissue specimens revealed cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons, circulating blood cells, macrophages, and chondrocytes. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that these membrane-bound vacuoles were of two types--one containing lamellated membranes and the other, finely granular material. These clinical and pathological findings are similar to those observed in human patients affected by the infantile form of GM1-gangliosidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, J -- Orgad, U -- Ucci, A A -- Schelling, S H -- Schunk, K L -- Warren, C D -- Raghavan, S S -- Kolodny, E H -- HD 05515/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD04147/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 21765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/enzymology/genetics/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; Gangliosidoses/enzymology/genetics/pathology/*veterinary ; Humans ; Lactose Intolerance/genetics/metabolism/*veterinary ; Male ; Neurons/pathology ; Oligosaccharides/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Vacuoles/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, M J -- Carroll, R S -- Erskine, M S -- Tobet, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Human neuroelectric patterns predict performance accuracy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-30
    Description: In seven right-handed adults, the brain electrical patterns before accurate performance differed from the patterns before inaccurate performance. Activity overlying the left frontal cortex and the motor and parietal cortices contralateral to the performing hand preceded accurate left- or right-hand performance. Additional strong activity overlying midline motor and premotor cortices preceded left-hand performance. These measurements suggest that brief, spatially distributed neural activity patterns, or "preparatory sets," in distinct cognitive, somesthetic-motor, and integrative motor areas of the human brain may be essential precursors of accurate visuomotor performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Morgan, N H -- Bressler, S L -- Cutillo, B A -- White, R M -- Illes, J -- Greer, D S -- Doyle, J C -- Zeitlin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 30;235(4788):580-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Expression of the multidrug-resistant gene in hepatocarcinogenesis and regenerating rat liver (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Preneoplastic and neoplastic liver nodules and hepatocytes isolated from regenerating rat liver have been shown to be resistant to a broad range of carcinogenic agents. This phenomenon was studied by measuring the expression of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) gene in normal liver cells and in preneoplastic and neoplastic nodules and regenerating liver. Levels of messenger RNA for the mdr gene, which encodes P-glycoprotein, were elevated in both preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Expression of the mdr gene also reached high levels in regenerating rat liver 24 to 72 hours after partial hepatectomy. These results show that the expression of the mdr gene can be regulated in liver and is likely to be responsible for part of the multidrug-resistance phenotype of carcinogen-initiated hepatocytes and regenerating liver cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorgeirsson, S S -- Huber, B E -- Sorrell, S -- Fojo, A -- Pastan, I -- Gottesman, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Liver Regeneration/*drug effects ; Male ; Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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