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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Polarized epithelial cells play fundamental roles in the ontogeny and function of a variety of tissues and organs in mammals. The morphogenesis of a sheet of polarized epithelial cells (the trophectoderm) is the first overt sign of cellular differentiation in early embryonic development. In the adult, polarized epithelial cells line all body cavities and occur in tissues that carry out specialized vectorial transport functions of absorption and secretion. The generation of this phenotype is a multistage process requiring extracellular cues and the reorganization of proteins in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane; once established, the phenotype is maintained by the segregation and retention of specific proteins and lipids in distinct apical and basal-lateral plasma membrane domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez-Boulan, E -- Nelson, W J -- GM 35527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-34107/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-37675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):718-25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2672330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Membrane Lipids/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organelles/physiology ; *Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mischel, W -- Shoda, Y -- Rodriguez, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):933-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Attention ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Frustration ; Humans ; *Individuality ; Male ; Reward ; Social Adjustment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1987-08-21
    Description: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common complication of lung and certain other cancers. The hypercalcemia results from the actions of tumor factors on bone and kidney. We report here the isolation of full-length complementary DNA clones of a putative hypercalcemia factor, and the expression from the cloned DNA of the active protein in mammalian cells. The clones encode a prepro peptide of 36 amino acids and a mature protein of 141 amino acids that has significant homology with parathyroid hormone in the amino-terminal region. This previously unrecognized hormone may be important in normal as well as abnormal calcium metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suva, L J -- Winslow, G A -- Wettenhall, R E -- Hammonds, R G -- Moseley, J M -- Diefenbach-Jagger, H -- Rodda, C P -- Kemp, B E -- Rodriguez, H -- Chen, E Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):893-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/complications/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Parathyroid Hormone/genetics ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The recursive difference equations of Kalman filtering and Bryson-Frazier fixed time-interval smoothing, arising in the state estimation theory for linear state space systems, are used here to solve problems of serial manipulator inverse and forward dynamics. The configuration analyzed is that of a joint connected N-link serial manipulator attached to an immobile base. The equivalence between the filtering and smoothing techniques from state estimation theory and recursive robot dynamics methods is demonstrated. Several areas for future research are suggested.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation (ISSN 0882-4967); RA-3; 624-639
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recursive forward dynamics algorithms are developed and presented for an arbitrary number of robot arms moving a commonly held object. The multiarm forward dynamics problem is to find the angular accelerations at the joints and the contact forces that the arms impart to the task object. The problem also involves finding the acceleration of this object. The multiarm forward dynamics solutions provide a thorough physical and mathematical understanding of the way several arms behave in response to a set of applied joint moments. Such an understanding simplifies and guides the subsequent control design and experimentation process. The forward dynamics algorithms also provide the necessary analytical foundation for conducting analysis and simulation studies. The multiarm algorithms are based on the filtering and smoothing approach recently advanced for single-arm dynamics, and they can be built up modularly from the single-arm algorithms. The algorithms compute recursively the joint angle accelerations, the contact forces, and the task-object accelerations. Algorithms are also developed to evaluate in closed form the linear transformations from the active joint moments to the joint angle accelerations, to the task object accelerations, and to the task-object contact forces. A possible computing architecture is presented as a precursor to a more complete investigation of the computational performance of the dynamics algorithms.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation (ISSN 1042-296X); 5; 510-521
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An approach for state estimation and identification of spatially distributed parameters embedded in static distributed (elliptic) system models is advanced. The method of maximum likelihood is used to find parameter values that maximize a likelihood functional for the system model, or equivalently, that minimize the negative logarithm of this functional. To find the minimum, a Newton-Raphson search is conducted that from an initial estimate generates a convergent sequence of parameter estimates. For simplicity, a Gauss-Markov approach is used to approximate the Hessian in terms of products of first derivatives. The gradient and approximate Hessian are computed by first arranging the negative log likelihood functional into a form based on the square root factorization of the predicted covariance of the measurement process. The resulting data processing approach, referred to here by the new term of predicted data covariance square root filtering, makes the gradient and approximate Hessian calculations very simple. A closely related set of state estimates is also produced by the maximum likelihood method: smoothed estimates that are optimal in a conditional mean sense and filtered estimates that emerge from the predicted data covariance square root filter.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Proc. of the Workshop on Identification and Control of Flexible Space Struct., Vol. 3; p 319-376
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The combination of spacecraft attitude control and energy storage (ACES) functions in common hardware, to synergistically maintain three-axis attitude control while supplying electrical power during earth orbital eclipses, allows the generation of control torques by high rotating speed wheels that react against the spacecraft structure via a high efficiency bidirectional energy conversion motor/generator. An ACES system encompasses a minimum of four wheels, controlling power and the three torque vectors. Attention is given to the realization of such a system with composite flywheel rotors that yield high energy density, magnetic suspension technology yielding low losses at high rotational speeds, and an ironless armature permanent magnet motor/generator yielding high energy conversion efficiency.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper advances an approach to the determination of shape of static distributed systems. It also illustrates the application of the approach to the problems of surface diagnosis of large parabolic reflectors. The estimation methods developed combine in an optimal sense the information from an elliptic model of the structure and from measurements of the structural deflection and of the far-field pattern changes due to the structural deformation. The estimators have a predictor-corrector structure, quite similar to that of a Kalman filter. The system model is first used to obtain a predicted estimate. A correction term is then added to the prediction to obtain the final state estimate. The relative weighting between prediction and correction terms is determined by an estimator gain. As in a Kalman filter, the estimator gain can be expressed in terms of the state estimation error covariance.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A new test technology is described which was developed for space system integration. The ultimate purpose of the system is to support the automatic generation of test systems in real time, distributed computing environments. The Intelligent Test Integration System (ITIS) is a knowledge based layer above the traditional test system components which can generate complex test configurations from the specification of test scenarios.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications; p 177-185
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Many important issues in the control of large space structures are intimately related to the fundamental problem of parameter identification. One might also ask how well this identification process can be carried out in the presence of noisy data since no sensor system is perfect. With these considerations in mind the algorithms herein are designed to treat both the case of uncertainties in the modeling and uncertainties in the data. The analytical aspects of maximum likelihood identification are considered in some detail in another paper. The questions relevant to the implementation of these schemes are dealt with, particularly as they apply to models of large space structures. The emphasis is on the influence of the infinite dimensional character of the problem on finite dimensional implementations of the algorithms. Those areas of current and future analysis are highlighted which indicate the interplay between error analysis and possible truncations of the state and parameter spaces.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Proc. of the Workshop on Identification and Control of Flexible Space Struct., Vol. 3; p 377-402
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