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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
  • Detrital food web  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detrital food web in a shortgrass prairie (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Detrital food web ; Microbes ; Mineralization ; Soil fauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several experimental approaches have been taken to demonstrate the importance of soil fauna in nitrogen mineralization, but there have been difficulties interpreting the results. We have supplemented the experimental approach with theoretical calculations of nitrogen transformations in a shortgrass prairie. The calculations incorporate a wide array of information on decomposer organisms, including their feeding preferences, nitrogen contents, life spans, assimilation efficiencies, productio:assimilation ratios, decomposabilities, and population sizes. The results are estimates of nitrogen transfer rates through the detrital food web, including rates of N mineralization by bacteria, fungi, root-feeding nematodes, collembolans, fungal-feeding mites, fungal-feeding nematodes, flagellates, bacterial-feeding nematodes, amoebae, omnivorous nematodes, predaceous nematodes, nematode-feeding mites, and predaceous mites. Bacteria are estimated to mineralize the most N (4.5 g N m−2 year−1), followed by the fauna (2.9), and fungi (0.3). Bacterial-feeding amoebae and nematodes together account for over 83% of N mineralization by the fauna. The detrital food web in a shortgrass prairie is similar to that of a desert grassland. The shortgrass detrital web seems to be divided into bacteria- and fungus-based components, although these two branches are united at the level of predaceous nematodes and mites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260580
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of food-web structure and function in a shortgrass prairie, a mountain meadow, and a lodgepole pine forest (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Detrital food web ; Microbial ecology ; Soil fauna ; Carbofuran ; Dimethoate ; Lodgepole pine forest ; Semiarid grasslands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The structure of the below-ground detrital food web was similar in three different semiarid vegetation types: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia), mountain meadow (Agropyron smithii), and shortgrass prairie (Bouteloua gracilis). The densities of component food-web functional groups and the response to removal of component groups, differed however. As measured by biomass, bacteria were dominant in the meadow and prairie, while fungi were dominant in the forest. Resourde-base dominance was reflected in consumer dominance, and both directly correlated with the form of inorganic N present. Bacterial-feeding nematodes were numerically dominant in the meadow and prairie, while microarthropods were dominant in the forest. Ammonium-N was the dominant form in the forest, while nitrate —nitrite-N was the more important form in both bacterial-dominated grasslands. Addition of a biocide solution containing carbofuran and dimethoate reduced the numbers of both microarthropods and nematodes. In the bacterial-dominated grasslands, these reductions resulted in no apparent effect on bacterial densities because one group of bacterial consumers (protozoa) increased following the decrease in bacteria-feeding nematodes, in increased fungal biomass, and in increased soil inorganic N. Conversely, in the forest, following the biocide-induced reduction in consumers, the total fungal biomass decreased, but inorganic-N levels increased. The meadow appeared to be the most resilient of the three ecosystems to biocide disturbance, as both nematode and arthropod numbers returned to control levels more rapidly in the meadow than in the prairie or the forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260513
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of reactor biomass by acoustic resonance densitometry (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1241-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) is reported as a method suitable not only for precise investigations into changes of specific gravity in bioreactor media but also as a technique able to provide an accurate wide range and direct determination of cellular mass in fermentation processes. It is further shown that this method can replace present optical procedures, minimizing dilution errors and operator involvement and is suitable for development as an on-line biomass monitoring system.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line monitoring of cell mass in mammalian cell cultures by acoustic densitometry (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acoustic resonance densitometry (ARD) provides a highly reproducible and stable method for on-line measurement of culture biomass density. The technique provides a direct determination of changes in relative density of culture medium and cell mass. At cell concentrations higher than 106 cells mL-1this method can replace cell counts and provide a continuous measure of total cell mass. In cultures of hybridomas or U937 human lymphoma cells, the ARD value correlates well with cell number except when the average cell size changes during culture. It is argued that cell mass determined by ARD rather than cell number should be used as the basis for measurements of specific biological activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260331103
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