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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (9)
  • Aziridines, regioselectivity of ring opening  (1)
  • Anthracene hydride
  • 1985-1989  (9)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 855-857 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The anions 3a-e of the acetonitriles 2a-e cleave the aziridine ring of 1-benzoyl-2,2-dimethylaziridine (1) at the tertiary Catom (abnormal opening) and provide in this way good yields of the 4-(benzoylamino)-3,3-dimethylbutyronitriles 5a-e and of the 2-(benzoylimino)pyrrolidine 7a, respectively. Positional isomers could not be detected.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2397-2398 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Nucleophilic ring opening ; Regioselectivity ; Ambident nucleophiles ; Aziridines ; Tryptamine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 52.  -  branched-Chain Tryptamine Compounds from Indolyllithium and Activated AziridinesReaction of indolyllithium 1 with activated aziridines 2 in toluene provides the tryptamines 3 or 4 in good yields.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2678-2680 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 38. On the Regioselectivity of the Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Activated 2-PhenylaziridinesThe ring of 1-mesyl (1c) and 1-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-phenylaziridine (1d) is opened between N and C-2 (benzylic effect) by some nucleophiles in high yields.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 387-389 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With benzophenone (1a) and fluorenone (1b) anthracene hydride (AH-) rapidly forms the anions 3a, b of the corresponding tertiary alcohols 4a, b, the intense colour of the reaction mixture indicating the presence of the ketyls 2a, b. Excess of AH- converts 3a, b into the diarylcarbinols. a mechanism is proposed for this ketone reduction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2050-2054 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 36 Arene Hydrides 2. SN2 and SET Reactions of N-Acylaziridines with Diphenylmethanide and „Naphthalene Hydride“ (Anion of Dihydronaphthalene)Diphenylmethane is incompletely deprotonated by sodium naphthalenide in THF so that some „naphthalene hydride“ 4 (anion of 1,4-dihydronaphthalene) remains present in the deprotonation equilibrium. The generated diphenylmethanide anion 3a reacts with the N-acylaziridines 6a-c to form the expected amidoethyl derivatives 7a-c in yields of less than 50%. The formation of by-products from 6b and 6c can be rationlized on the basis of classic ionic mechanisms. However, for 6a the by-product N-ethylbenzamide clearly points to a SET mechanism with „naphthalene hydride“ 4 as the electron source and with the radical 8 as a hydrogen source.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1795-1797 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aziridines, regioselectivity of ring opening ; Allylamide-enamide isomerization ; Benzenesulfonamide, N-(1,3-diphenylallyl) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound 2 can be ring-opened in three ways by alcoholic sodium alkoxide: nucleophilic substitutive opening in (the benzylic) position 3 [attack (a)] and in position 2 [attack (b)] as well as the novel nucleophilic eliminative opening which is initiated by deprotonation of the benzylic substituent [attack (c)]. The primary cleavage product 5 of attack (c) is an allylic sulfonamide that slowly isomerizes to give the elusive enamide 6, the precursor of the isolated ketone 7. Attack (a) predominates with methoxide and less so with ethoxide. Attack (c) increases with size (and basicity?) of the alkoxide and is the only detected reaction with tert-butoxide.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines,421). - The Regioselectivity of the Ring Opening of Activated 2,2-Dimethyhlaziridines by Carbanions of the Dicarbonyl Type. Influence of the Size of the NucleophileThe aziridine ring of the 1-acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridines 1a-c is cleaved abnormally (between N and CMe2) by the substituted ethyl cyanoacetates 3M,P (M=methyl, P=phenyl) in ethanolic ethoxide solution, while the ring is not cleaved by diethyl malonate (2H). Under the same conditions, 2,2-dimethyl-1-tosylaziridine (1d) is opened by malononitrile (4H), ethyl cyanoacetate (3H) 3M, and 2H in a predominant of exclusive normal manner (between N and CH2) with the relative portion of abnormal opening decreasing in the sequence 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H. The latter finding is rationalized by an influence of the size of the nucleophile (the respective carbanion) on an SN2 attack at the (“widened”) tert. C atom of 1d. A dominating abnormal opening of 1d (0% “normal products” from a 44% material balance of products) was observed with the largest anion (of 3P) of the series, pointing to a change in mechanism, presumable to SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridine 21 was opened at the benzylic C by the anion of 3P yielding the stereochemically uniform product 22.
    Notes: Die 1-Acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridine 1a-c werden durch die substituierten Ethyl-cyanacetate 3M,P (M=Methyl, P=Phenyl) in Ethanolat-Lösung anomal (zwischen N und CMe2) geöffnet, während Diethylmalonat (2H) den Aziridinring nicht öffnet. Unter gleichen Bedingungen wird 2,2-Dimethyl-1-tosylaziridin (1d) durch Malononitril (4H), Ethyl-cyanacetat (3H), durch 3M und 2H überwiegend bis ausschließlich normal geöffnet. Dabei nimmt der relative Anteil der anomalen Öffnung in der Reihenfolge 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H ab, was mit dem Einfluß der Größe des Nucleophils (jeweiliges Carbanion) auf einen SN2-Angriff am (“aufgeweiteten”) tert. C-Atom von 1d erklärt wird. Die mit dem größten Anion (von 3P) der Reihe beobachtete Dominanz der anomalen Öffnung von 1d (0% “normale Produkte” bei einer Bilanz von 44%) deutet auf einen Wechsel im Reaktionsmechanismus hin, vermutlich zu SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridin 21 wurde durch das Anion von 3P am Benzyl-C zum stereochemisch einheitlichen Produkt 22 geöffnet.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1353-1355 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ring opening by thiophenolate of cis-trans pairs of stilbene imines proceeds stereospecifically irrespective of the kind of mono activation by the phenylsulfonyl group (1), by the benzoyl group (2), or by protonation of the aziridine base (3). In accordance with complete Walden inversion, the sole product from the cis isomer is always a diastereomer of the sole product from the trans isomer. The diastereomers obtained from 3 are correlated with the respective diastereomers obtained from 2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1349-1352 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktionen mit Aziridinen, 451. - Arenhydride,5 2. - Reversibilität des Carbonylangriffs bei N-Benzoylaziridinen vor der Ringöffnung durch Carbanionen. - Starker Gegenion-EinflußEin früherer Bericht hatte gezeigt, daß Anthracenhydrid AH- bzw. das Xanthenylanion X- zuerst die Carbonylgruppe von N-Benzoylaziridinen angreifen, da in frühen Stadien der Reaktion ein Abstoppen mit Protonen hohe Ausbeuten an Benzoyldihydroanthracen 3 bzw. Benzoylxanthen 11 liefert. Die entsprechenden Carbonyladdukt-Zwischenstufen 2 und 10 waren als Vorläufer von Produkten angesehen worden, die aus einer Homolyse des Aziridinringes hervorgehen. Es wird jetzt gezeigt, daß Abstoppen der Reaktion zwischen AH- bzw. X- und den N-Benzoylaziridinen 1a, b mit Methyliodid oder Aroylchloriden hohe Ausbeuten an Produkten ergibt, die sich von AH- (bzw. X-) oder 1a, b ableiten. Dies zeigt an, daß 2 (bzw. 10) im Gleichgewicht mit AH- (bzw. X-) und 1a, b stehen. Untersuchung des Gegenion-Einflusses bei X- ergab, daß die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen an 10-Na+ viel niedriger waren als diejenigen an 10-Li+, während gleichzeitig die Ringöffnung von 1a mit X-Na+ deutlich schneller war als mit X-Li+. Dieser Befund legt die Vermutung nahe, daß im Gegensatz zur früheren Annahme die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen an X- und 1a für die (homolytische) Ringöffnung verantwortlich sind.
    Notes: A previous report had shown that anthracene hydride AH- or the xanthenyl anion X-, respectively, at first add to the carbonyl group of N-benzoylaziridines since high yields of benzoyl dihydroanthracene 3 or benzoyl xanthene 11 were obtained when in early stages the reaction was quenched with protons. The respective intermediate carbonyl adducts 2 and 10 had been considered to be precursors of products resulting from homolysis of the aziridine ring. It is now shown that quenching of the reaction between AH- or X- and N-benzoylaziridines 1a, b with methyl iodide or aroyl chlorides results in substantial yields of products derived from either AH- (or X-) or 1a, b. This indicates that 2 (or 10) are in equilibrium with AH- (or X-) and 1a, b. Study of the gegenion influence with X- revealed that the equilibrium concentrations of 10-Na+ were much lower than those of 10-Li+ while simultaneously the ring opening of 1a was distinctly faster with X-Na+ than with X-Li+. This finding suggests that, contrary to the previous assumption, the equilibrium concentrations of X- and 1a are responsible for the (homolytic) ring opening.
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