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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (14)
  • Coupled HPLC-GC  (5)
  • Solvent effects  (3)
  • Capillary GC  (2)
  • Column preparation
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-GC ; Retention gap ; Partially concurrent solvent evaporation ; Gasoline ; Group-type separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional chromatography of gasoline by on-line coupled HPLC-HRGC, as described in this paper, allows separate GC analysis of paraffins and aromatics. The GC system contains a retention gap of only 10 m length for introducing HPLC fractions of 100 μl volume. This becomes possible through evaporation of part of the solvent during introduction of the HPLC eluent. This “partially concurrent solvent evaporation” technique allows transfer of large volumes of HPLC eluent into relatively short retention gaps, maintaining the full efficiency of the solvent effects in reconcentrating the bands of the early eluted solutes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 405-407 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Solvent effects ; Solvent trapping ; Phase soaking ; Large sample volumes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 726-733 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-capillary GC ; Retention gap ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; Extraction techniques ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: HPLC fractions involving eluents of low to intermediate polarity can be introduced into capillary GC using the retention gap technique. Partial or complete solvent evaporation during sample introduction reduces the length of, or almost eliminates, the zone in the column inlet (retention gap) flooded by the introduced liquid, allowing introduction of larger HPLC fractions and/or use of shorter retention gaps. The corresponding techniques are reviewed. The retention gap technique is poorly suited for water-containing HPLC eluents (reversed phase HPLC) and fails completely if HPLC eluents contain, e.g., buffer salts. Various techniques for extracting such HPLC eluents are considered, preference being given to extraction into GC stationary phases from where solutes are thermally desorbed into the GC separation column. Limiting factors are diffusion of solutes within the liquid phase to be extracted and retention power of the extraction tubes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 856-857 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Static coating ; Vacuum sources ; Coating solvent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Solvents and GC detectors ; Coupled HPLC-GC ; Column effluent splitter ; Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of solutions of up to several milliliters by on-column injection of large volumes or by coupled HPLC-GC may cause problems with GC detectors (FID, AFID, MS). For instance, dichloromethane forms large amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon black in FIDs.A column effluent splitter was developed for keeping the major portion of the solvent vapors away from the detector; approximately 99% of the vapor is vented while the remaining 1% of vapor is used for detecting the widths of the solvent peaks. During analysis, the split ratio is reversed by a strong increase of the resistance to the gas flow through the split exit line.The system was used for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) in triglyceride matrices of various foods. Direct determination by HPLC is not sufficiently sensitive, whereas direct analysis by GC is hindered by the triglycerides. Solutions of fats or oils were pre-separated on a silica column using dichloro-methanelcyclohexane 1:l with addition of 0.05 % acetonitrile as eluent. The HPLC fraction containing the DEHP was transferred to GC through a loop-type interface using concurrent solvent evaporation. Detection limits were around 0.1 ppm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11 (1988), S. 172-176 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC/GC ; Automated sample preparation ; Heroin metabolites in urine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fully automated on-line HPLC-HRGC instrument is described. Samples are loaded into an HPLC autosampler. Pre-separation is carried out, automatically transferring the previously determined HPLC fraction to GC. Total HPLC fractions are introduced into GC, using the on-column or the loop-type interface, depending on the solvent evaporation technique applied. The HPLC column is automatically backflushed with a suitable solvent during GC analysis. The instrument was used for analyzing heroin metabolites, particularly morphine, in urine samples. Raw urine extracts were injected into HPLC and analyzed by GC using FID.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11 (1988), S. 462-470 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Grob and splitless injection ; Injection techniques, capillary GC ; Splitless injection ; PTV splitless injection ; Matrix effexts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kurt Grob introduced splitless injection in 1969. He elaborated most of the working guidelines including the techniques required for reconcentrating the broad intial bands, i.e. the solvent effects and cold trapping. He also designed a vaporizing injector suited for splitless injection. Nevertheless, splitless injection is still often carried out using inappropriate conditions, and many of today's vaporizing injectors are not suited for splitless injection. No autosampler is available that introduces the sample at the appropriate position. Conventional splitless injection is compared to PTV splitless injection for the range of samples that cannot be handled by the anyway superior oncolumn injection, i.e. sample with high loads of involatile byproducts. There is a clear preference for PTV splitless injection as matrix effects observed in conventional splitless injection were found to be substantially reduced or even eliminated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 593-594 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; HPLC ; Adulteration of cold pressed olive oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 416-417 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-GC ; Loop-type interface ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; PCBs in fish ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: On-line coupled HPLC-GC ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; Loop-type Interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concurrent solvent evaporation using the loop-type HPLC-GC interface requires that the GC oven temperature be above the eluent boiling point at the given carrier gas inlet pressure in order to prevent eluent flowing into the GC capillary column. Corresponding oven temperatures representing minimum oven temperatures for eluent transfer were experimentally determined for solvents and solvent mixtures of interest for use as HPLC eluents. Evaluation of eluents for concurrent evaporation is discussed. Recommended lengths of uncoated column inlets (pre-columns) are derived from the mechanisms involved in solvent evaporation. Temperatures listed as minimum column temperatures for concurrently evaporating HPLC eluents are also useful for estimating maximum applicable column temperatures when working with the conventional retention gap or partially concurrent solvent evaporation techniques in coupled HPLC-GC.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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