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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (56)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (42)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (39)
  • 1985-1989  (137)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha and beta subunits of the LFA-1 membrane molecule are involved in human monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 410-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium is an important transitional event in mononuclear phagocyte development. The molecular mechanism involved in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was studied using purified human monocytes and a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The purified human monocytes were phenotypically characterized and expressed relatively low levels of HLA class II antigens. The monocytes were labeled with Indium-111 to provide high specific activity and a sensitive measure of adhesion. Using this radionuclide adhesion assay, monocytes demonstrated consistent and reproducible adhesion to a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells. To identify the cell surface molecules involved in human monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, 15 MAb to 11 monocyte surface structures were used to attempt to inhibit adhesion. MAb recognizing 10 monocyte cell surface molecules did not inhibit adhesion. In contrast, MAb recognizing the alpha and beta subunits of LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated) significantly inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Monocyte adhesion was comparably inhibited by F(ab')2 and intact MAb. Significant inhibition was observed at 5μg/ml of anti-LFA-1 MAb. These results indicate that the alpha and beta subunits of the LFA-1 membrane molecule are involved in human monocyte-endothelial cell adhesions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of T lymphocytes to human endothelial cells is regulated by the LFA-1 membrane molecule (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 126 (1986), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human T lymphocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells is the initial event in T cell migration to areas of extravascular inflammation. The molecular basis for T cell-endothelial cell adhesion was investigated using two different cell-cell adhesion assays: (a) a fluorescein cell-cell adhesion assay using non-adherent endothelial cells and fluorescein-labeled T lymphocytes, and (b) a radionuclide cell-cell adhesion assay using adherent endothelial cells and 51Cr-labelled T cells. Both assay systems demonstrated comparable quantitative assessment of cell-cell adhesions. The assays were performed at 22°C and adhesions were maximal at 30 min. The results of these adhesion assays confirmed previous reports that T cells adhere to endothelial cells. In addition, we have shown that T cells adhere only marginally to foreskin fibroblasts or bone marrow derived fibroblasts. T cell-endothelial cell adhesions were significantly stronger than either monocytes or B lymphoblastoid cells adhesion to endothelial cells. To demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating T cell-endothelial cell adhesions, a panel of function-associated monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were tested for their ability to inhibit T cell adhesion. MAb reactive with the leukocyte surface glycoprotein LFA-1 signifi-cantly inhibited T cell-endothelial cell adhesions in both assay systems. In contrast, MAb directed at other surface antigens did not inhibit T cell adhesion. The involvement of the LFA-1 glycoprotein in T lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells suggest that the LFA-1 molecule may be important in the regulation of leukocyte interactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041260219
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant tubulin genes: Structure and differential expression during development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 435-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tubulin genes ; microtubules ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and play key roles in plant growth and morphogenesis. Recent molecular studies have begun to elucidate the structure and expression of plant genes coding for the major components of microtubules, α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences of eight higher plant tubulin genes are 79-87% homologous with constitutively expressed mammalian tubulins. The genome of the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana contains four dispersed α-tubulin sequences and at least seven β-tubulin sequences, only two of which appear to be linked. Of the five A. thaliana genes whose expression has been analyzed, the transcripts of one α-tubulin and one β-tubulin gene are constitutively expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers. A second α-tubulin gene is expressed predominately in flowers; the transcripts of the second and third β-tubulin genes are found predominately in leaves or in roots, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An atlas of the brain of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 363-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An atlas of the brain of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus is developed. All of the neuronal groups are identified and named, and regions of neuropil are segregated and named where possible. The nomenclature incorporates functionally neutral earlier names and assigns geographical names to newly distinguished structures. The atlas provides a basis for correlating the results of neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neurochemical studies, which yield information about individual neurons or groups of neurons in this species
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral-line neuromast development in Ambystoma mexicanum and a comparison with Rana pipiens (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the embryonic development of the major neuromast lines of the lateral-line system in the urodele Ambystoma mexicanum both in vivo (using microsurgical techniques to transplant placodes) and in preserved embryos using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have compared this to SEM observations of embryos of the anuran Rana pipiens. We have determined the approximate locations of the lateral-line placodes in A. mexicanum and the approximate timing of both the migration of the lateral line primordia and the neuromast eruption in both species. We find that, at hatching, all primary neuromasts are present and fully formed in Ambystoma, while migration of the primordia is just beginning in Rana. The neuromast systems in both species are fully formed by the time feeding begins. If neuromast eruption is considered in relation to developmental events other than hatching, fewer differences are found between species, suggesting that hatching is precocious in Rana. We find no evidence of heterochrony to account for the morphological differences observed in these lateral-line systems. Orthogonal neuromasts on the head, a derived feature of urodeles, appears to be the result of lateral neuromast movement subsequent to the rostral migration of the primordia. This process was not observed in the anuran. In addition, we observe that ciliated epidermal cells disappear from the area immediately around each of the lines and suggest that neuromasts cause the regression of cilia in their immediate vicinity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980310
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lungs of the gecko Rhacodactylus leachianus (reptilia: Gekkonidae): A correlative gross anatomical and light and electron microscopic study (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 199 (1989), S. 23-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lungs of the New Caldeonian gecko Rhacodactylus leachianus were examined by means of gross dissection and light and electron microscopy. This tropical species, which is the largest living gecko, possesses two simple, single-chambered lungs. Right and left lungs are of similar size and shape. The lung volume (27.2 ml · 100 g-1) is similar to that of the tokay (Gekko gecko) but differs in that the gas exchange tissue is approximately homogeneously distributed, and the parenchymal units (ediculae) are very large, ∼2 mm in diameter. The parenchymal depth varies according to the location in the lung, being deepest near the middle of the lung and shallowest caudally. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal an unusual distribution of ciliated cells in patches on the edicular walls as well as on the trabeculae. Secretory cell are very numerous, particularly in the bronchial epithelium, where they greatly outnumber the ciliated cells. The secretory cells form a morphological continuum characterized by small secretory droplets apically and large vacuoles basally. This continuum includes cells resembling type II pneumocytes but which are devoid of lamellar bodies. Type I pneumocytes similar to those of other reptiles cover the respiratory capillaries, where they form a thin, air-blood barrier together with the capillary endothelial cells and the fused basement laminae. The innervation, musculature, and vascular distribution in R. leachianus are also characterized. Apparent simplification of the lungs in this taxon may be related to features of its sluggish habits, whereas peculiarities of cell tissue composition may reflect demands of its mesic habitat.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051990104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the compound eye of the giant deep-sea isopod Bathynomus giganteus (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 189 (1986), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structural organization of the compound eye of the largest known isopod, Bathynomus giganteus, is described from four specimens maintained in the laboratory for as long as two months. Living specimens have not previously been available for study. The two triangular compounds eyes measure about 18 mm on the dorsal edge and are separated by an interocular distance of 25 mm. They face forward and slightly downward and may have significant overlap in visual fields. Each eye contains about 3,500 ommatidia in animals of body lengths from 22.5 cm to 37.5 cm. The packing of ommatidia is not uniform across the retina, but is nearly hexagonal in the dorsal central region and nearly square in the ventral and lateral periphery.The dioptric elements in each ommatidium consist of a laminar cornea, which is flat externally and convex internally, and a bipartite crystalline cone. Sometimes seven and sometimes eight retinular cells closely appose the proximal tip of the cone and bear the microvilli of the rhabdom. Proximal to the rhabdom the retinular cells form thin pillars near the periphery of the ommatidium, and the central portion along the optic axis at this level is occupied by interstitial cells that contain massive arrays of clear vesicles thought to serve as reflective elements. The arhabdomeral segments of the retinular cells and the interstitial cells rest on a basement membrane. Within each ommatidium the basement membrane has two extensions with cylindrical cores and thin sheets of dense material and collagen-like filaments. These sheets occupy spaces between adjacent interstitial cells up to the level of the rhabdomeral segments of the retinular cells. Arrays of pigment cells with relatively weak light-screening properties separate adjacent ommatidia.Animals were fixed both in light within a week of being brought from depth into daylight, and after 2 months of maintenance in constant darkness following such daylight exposure. In both cases, microvilli of the rhabdom were severely disrupted and the retinular cytoplasm contained numerous multivesicular bodies. Exposure to natural daylight appears to cause irreversible structural damage to the photoreceptors of these animals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051890205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monoclonal antibody to the Ca2+ -ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum cross-reacts with slow type I but not with fast type II canine skeletal muscle fibers: An immunocytochemical and immunochemical study (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 164-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum ; immunofluorescence ; myofibers types I (slow) and II (fast) ; II D8 monoclonal antibody ; II H11 monoclonal antibody ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ca2+ -ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was localized in cryostat sections from three different adult canine skeletal muscles (gracilis, extensor carpi radialis, and superficial digitalis flexor) by immunofluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies to the Ca2+ -ATPase Type I (slow) myofibers were strongly labeled for the Ca2+ -ATPase with a monoclonal antibody (II D8) to the CA2+ -ATPase of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum; the type II (fast) myofibers were labeled at the level of the background with monoclonal antibody II D8. By contrast, type II (fast) myofibers were strongly labeled for Ca2+ -ATPase of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. The subcellular distribution of the immunolabeling in type I (slow) myofibers with monoclonal antibody II D8 corresponded to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as previously determined by electron microscopy. The structural similarity between the canine cardiac Ca2+ -ATPase present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the canine slow skeletal muscle fibers was demonstrated by immunoblotting. Monoclonal antibody (II D8) to the cardiac Ca2+ -ATPase binds to only one protein band present in the extract from either cardiac or type I (slow) skeletal muscle tissue. By contrast, monoclonal antibody (II H11) to the skeletal type II (fast) Ca2+ -ATPase binds only one protein band in the extract from type II (fast) skeletal muscle tissue. These immunopositive proteins coelectrophoresed with the Ca2+ -ATPase of the canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and showed an apparent Mr of 115,000. It is concluded that the Ca2+ -ATPase of cardiac and type I (slow) skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum have at least one epitope in common, which is not present on the Ca2+ -ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum in type II (fast) skeletal myofibers. It is possible that this site is related to the assumed necessity of the Ca2+ -ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and type I (slow) skeletal myofibers to interact with phosphorylated phospholamban and thereby enhance the accumulation of Ca2+ in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum following β-adrenergic stimulation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and motion analysis of permeabilized paramecium capable of motility and regulation of motility (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cilia ; metachronal waves ; electron microscopy ; calcium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Structural and behavioral features of intact and permeabilized Paramecium tetraurelia have been defined as a basis for study of Ca2+ control of ciliary reversal. Motion analysis of living paramecia shows that all the cells in a population swim forward with gently curving spirals at speeds averaging 369 ± 19 μm/second. Ciliary reversal occurs in 10% of the cell population per second. Living paramecia, quick-fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), show metachronal waves and an effective stroke obliquely toward the posterior end of the cell. Upon treatment with Triton X-100, swimming ceases and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal cilia that uniformly project perpendicularly from the cell surface. Thin sections of these cells indicate that the ciliary, cell, and outer alveolar membranes are greatly disrupted or entirely missing and that the cytoplasm is also disrupted. These permeabilized paramecia can be reactivated and are capable of motility and regulation of motility. Motion analysis of cells reactivated with Mg2+ and ATP in low Ca2+ buffer (pCa7) shows that 71% swim forward in straight or curved paths at speeds averaging 221 ± 20 μm/second. When these cells are quick-fixed for SEM the metachronal wave patterns of living, forward swimming cells reappear. Motion analysis of permeabilized cells reactivated in high Ca2+ buffers (pCa 5.5) shows that 94% swim backward in tight spirals at a velocity averaging 156 ± 7 μm/second. SEM reveals a metachronal wave pattern with an effective stroke toward the anterior region. Although the permeabilized cells do not reverse spontaneously, the pCa response is preserved and the Ca2+ switch remains intact. The ciliary axonemes are largely exposed to the external environment. Therefore, the behavioral responses of these permeabilized cells depend on interaction of Ca2+ with molecules that remain bound to the axonemes throughout the extraction and reactivation procedures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of insulin-like growth factor-I on the B104 neuronal cell line: Effects on cell replication, receptor characteristics, and influence of secreted binding protein on ligand binding (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several peptide growth factors influence the growth and differentiation of neural cells. To investigate further the growth-promoting effects of the somatomedins on cells of neural origin, the authors characterized the binding and mitogenic effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on a functionally differentiated rat neuronal cell line (B104). Specific, high-affinity (Kd ≅ 10-9 M) receptors for IGF-1 were abundant (approximately 124,000 binding sites/B104 cell). These IGF-1 receptors were similar to those of non-neural tissue in that they contained 135,000 dalton binding subunits (demonstrated by affinity labeling and autoradiography) and recognized insulin at high concentrations. IGF-1 was more potent than insulin at stimulating B 104 cell replication in serum-free medium and, at an initial concentration of 100 ng/ml, was the only exogenous growth factor needed to maintain growth through several cell divisions. Furthermore, cells of later passage were found to secrete specific IGF binding proteins that produced an unusual, biphasic binding curve in radioligand displacement studies. These binding proteins apparently sequester IGF-1, limiting its access to the cell. Experiments with B 104 cells may provide useful information about the role of IGFs and their binding proteins as potential regulators of growth and differentiation of the primitive neuroblast.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390304
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