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  • 1
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    Studies of asteroids and comets (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: About 3000 accurate positions of asteroids and comets were measured concentrating particularly on close-Earth approachers, but also targeting asteroids in need for follow-up observations because of unusual orbital characteristics or poor observational history. In 1985, 36 of the discoveries were numbered. Very accurate + or - 0.1 arcsec?) positional measurements were made of P/Halley on four nights in November and December 1985 in support of Giotto mission navigation. The asteroid orbit files were maintained, and ephemeris data for observational planning were supplied to colleagues worldwide. Considerable progress was made in understanding how information on asteroid shapes, surface albedo variegation, and rotational states can be derived from lightcurve and phase curve data. The analytical formulation was completed of a new asteroid magnitude system for the International Astronomical Union; the system was adopted at the New Delhi General Assembly by IAU Commission 20. Photographic photometry of about 10000 images of faint asteroids observed during the course of the United Kingdom Schmidt-CalTech Asteroid Survey in 1981 was continued, completing the microdensitometric scanning and all process of software development for data handling.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 73-74
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  • 2
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    Gamma-ray line emission from SN1987A (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The inferred average line flux at about 847 keV in the background-subtracted spectrum of SN1987A from August 1 to October 31, 1987 is about (1.0 + or - 0.25) x 10 to the -3rd photons/sq cm/s at an energy of 843 + or - 5 keV. This feature cannot be explained by any statistical or systematic fluctuations observed in the seven previous years of gamma-ray spectrometer data. There is also evidence for the 1238-keV line from Co-56 decay, with an average flux of about (6 + or - 2) x 10 to the -4th photons/sq cm/s. This observation confirms that Co-56 is present in the supernova ejecta and that nucleosynthesis occurred during the explosion.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 331; 416-418
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  • 3
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    A catalog of IRAS observations of large optical galaxies (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A catalog is presented of IRAS observations of 85 galaxies with blue-light isophotal diameters greater than 8 arcmin. The observations, data processing, and data measurement techniques are described, and total IRAS flux densities and integrated infrared emission properties of the sample are reported. Infrared brightness profiles of the detected galaxies and infrared surface brightness contour maps of the galaxies for which structural features were resolved are displayed. A classification scheme based on the degree of central concentration and spatial structure of the 60 micron emission of the best-resolved galaxies is proposed. The 60 micron and blue-light isophotal diameters of the largest galaxies are compared.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 68; 91-127
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  • 4
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    The Hubble Space Telescope high speed photometer (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope will provide the opportunity to perform precise astronomical photometry above the disturbing effects of the atmosphere. The High Speed Photometer is designed to provide the observatory with a stable, precise photometer with wide dynamic range, broad wavelenth coverage, time resolution in the microsecond region, and polarimetric capability. Here, the scientific requirements for the instrument are examined, the unique design features of the photometer are explored, and the improvements to be expected over the performance of ground-based instruments are projected.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Ames Research Center, Second Workshop on Improvements to Photometry; p 1-15
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Instrumental and atmospheric background lines observed by the SMM gamma-ray spectrometer (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary identifications of instrumental and atmospheric background lines detected by the gamma-ray spectrometer on NASA's Solar Maximum Mission satellite (SMM) are presented. The long-term and stable operation of this experiment has provided data of high quality for use in this analysis. Methods are described for identifying radioactive isotopes which use their different decay times. Temporal evolution of the features are revealed by spectral comparisons, subtractions, and fits. An understanding of these temporal variations has enabled the data to be used for detecting celestial gamma-ray sources.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    Comparison of backgrounds in OSO-7 and SMM spectrometers and short-term activation in SMM (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The backgrounds in the OSO-7 Gamma-Ray Monitor and the Solar Maximum Mission Gamma-Ray Spectrometer are compared. After scaling to the same volume, the background spectra agree to within 30 percent. This shows that analyses which successfully describe the background in one detector can be applied to similar detectors of different sizes and on different platforms. The background produced in the SMM spectrometer by a single trapped-radiation belt passage is also studied. This background is found to be dominated by a positron-annihilation line and a continuum spectrum with a high energy cutoff at 5 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 7
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    On using a space telescope to detect faint galaxies (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations using space telescopes should be optimized for conditions that prevail in space. Since the sky at 1 micron is very dark above the OH nightglow, and because distant galaxies are brightest at wavelength greater than 1 micron, the Hubble space telescope should be very good at detecting and measuring faint, distant galaxies in the R and I bands. For later-generation space telescopes the optimal wavelength for detecting high-redshift faint galaxies is the 3 micron window in the zodiacal light. Observations of faint galaxies in the 1-3 micron region will be less affected by evolution than optical observations, leading to a better determination of q0.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280); 97; 451-453
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  • 8
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    Monte Carlo calibration of the SMM gamma ray spectrometer for high energy gamma rays and neutrons (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) on the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft was primarily designed and calibrated for nuclear gamma ray line measurements, but also has a high energy mode which allows the detection of gamma rays at energies above 10 MeV and solar neutrons above 20 MeV. The GRS response has been extrapolated until now for high energy gamma rays from an early design study employing Monte Carlo calculations. The response to 50 to 600 MeV solar neutrons was estimated from a simple model which did not consider secondary charged particles escaping into the veto shields. In view of numerous detections by the GRS of solar flares emitting high energy gamma rays, including at least two emitting directly detectable neutrons, the calibration of the high energy mode in the flight model has been recalculated by the use of more sophisticated Monte Carlo computer codes. New results presented show that the GRS response to gamma rays above 20 MeV and to neutrons above 100 MeV is significantly lower than the earlier estimates.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-9.1-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 474-477; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 9
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    Search for gamma ray lines from SS433 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data obtained with the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (0.3 to 9 MeV) aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite from 1980 to 1985 for evidence of the reported Doppler shifted lines from SS433 were examined. The data base covers a total of 468 days when SS433 was in the field of view and includes times of quiescent and flaring radio activity. In 9 day integrations of the SMM data no evidence is found for gamma ray line emission from SS433. The 99% confidence upper limits for 9 day integrations of the shifted 1.37 and 6.1 MeV lines are 0.0013 gamma/sq cm-s and 0.0007 gamma/sq cm-s, respectively. The 360 day time averaged upper limits are 0.0002 gamma/sq cm-s x 0.0001 gamma/sq cm-s for both lines.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.4-11 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 187-190; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 10
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    High-energy emission in gamma-ray bursts (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Between February 1980 and August 1983 the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission Satellite (SMM) detected 72 events identified as being of cosmic origin. These events are an essentially unbiased subset of all gamma-ray bursts. The measured spectra of these events show that high energy (greater than 1 MeV) emission is a common and energetically important feature. There is no evidence for a general high-energy cut-off or a distribution of cut-offs below about 6 MeV. These observations imply a limit on the preferential beaming of high energy emission. This constraint, combined with the assumption of isotropic low energy emission, implies that the typical magnetic field strength at burst radiation sites is less than 1 x 10 to the 12th gauss.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 288; L37-L40
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