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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (170)
  • ASTRONOMY  (149)
  • 1985-1989  (319)
  • 1
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    Microwave backscatter and emission observed from Shuttle Imaging Radar B and an airborne 1.4 GHz radiometer (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A soil moisture experiment conducted with the Shuttle Imaging Radar B (SIR-B) is reported. SIR-B operated at 1.28 GHz provided the active microwave measurements, while a 4-beam pushbroom 1.4 GHz radiometer gave the complementary passive microwave measurements. The aircraft measurements were made at an altitude of 330 m, resulting in a ground resolution cell of about 100 m diameter. SIR-B ground resolution from 225 km was about 35 m. More than 150 agricultural fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California were examined in the experiment. The effect of surface roughness height on radar backscatter and radiometric measurements was studied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 2
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    The effect of vegetation type, microrelief, and incidence angle on radar backscatter (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The NASA/JPL Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was flown over a 20 x 110 km test site in the Texas High Plains regions north of Lubbock during February/March 1984. The effect of incidence angle was investigated by comparing the pixel values of the calibrated and uncalibrated images. Ten-pixel-wide transects along the entire azimuth were averaged in each of the two scenes, and plotted against the calculated incidence angle of the center of each range increment. It is evident from the graphs that both the magnitudes and patterns exhibited by the corresponding transect means of the two images are highly dissimilar. For each of the cross-poles, the uncalibrated image displayed very distinct and systematic positive trends through the entire range of incidence angles. The two like-poles, however, exhibited relatively constant returns. In the calibrated image, the cross-poles exhibited a constant return, while the like-poles demonstrated a strong negative trend across the range of look-angles, as might be expected.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL NASA(JPL Aircraft SAR Workshop Proc.; p 25-29
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  • 3
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    The 1985 May superoutburst of the dwarf nova OY Carinae. II - IUE and Exosat observations (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ultraviolet (IUE) and X-ray (Exosat) observations of the eclipsing dwarf nova OY Carinae during the superoutburst of May 1985 are presented. From the lack of X-ray eclipse and UV behavior, it is deduced that the X-ray flux originates in an optically thin corona comparable in size to the Roche lobe, and not directly from the white dwarf or boundary layer. The asymmetric UV line emission originates partly in the accretion disk and partly in a wind. There is a strong modulation of the UV continuum flux that is thought to be caused by extended vertical disk structure shadowing the inner regions.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 231; 237-255
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  • 4
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    Infrared photometry of Comet P/Halley pre- and post-perihelion (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Infrared photometry of Comet P/Halley is presented over a period ranging from September 1985 to June 1986, prehelion and posthelion. Short-term variations are observed in the intervals Dec. 25, 1985 - Jan. 3, 1986 and Feb.17 - March 3, 1986. When the comet is in a quiescent state, the infrared flux increases linearly with the diaphragm size, which implies a dust expansion at constant velocity up to a distance to the nucleus of at least 10,000 km. The temperature measured in April 1986 ranges between 250 and 300 K, in reasonable agreement with the expected equilibrium temperature of the grains. Between September 1985 and June 1986, no evidence of variation in the dust nature is observed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 205; 1-2,; 301-308
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  • 5
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    Tropical forest biomass and successional age class relationships to a vegetation index derived from Landsat TM data (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Forest stand structure and biomass data were collected using conventional forest inventory techniques in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate forest biomes. The feasibility of detecting tropical forest successional age class and total biomass differences using Landsat-Thematic mapper (TM) data, was evaluated. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from Landsat-TM data were not significantly correlated with forest regeneration age classes in the mountain terrain of the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. The low sun angle and shadows cast on steep north and west facing slopes reduced spectral reflectance values recorded by TM orbital altitude. The NDVI, calculated from low altitude aircraft scanner data, was significatly correlated with forest age classes. However, analysis of variance suggested that NDVI differences were not detectable for successional forests older than approximately 15-20 years. Also, biomass differences in young successional tropical forest were not detectable using the NDVI. The vegetation index does not appear to be a good predictor of stand structure variables (e.g., height, diameter of main stem) or total biomass in uneven age, mixed broadleaf forest. Good correlation between the vegetation index and low biomass in even age pine plantations were achieved for a warm temperate study site. The implications of the study for the use of NDVI for forest structure and biomass estimation are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 28; 143-156
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  • 6
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    IR-dust observations of Comet Tempel 2 with CRAF VIMS (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Measurement strategies are now being planned for using the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to observe the asteroid Hestia, and the nucleus, and the gas and dust in the coma of comet P/Tempel 2 as part of the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) mission. The spectral range of VIMS will cover wavelengths from 0.35 to 5.2 micrometers, with a spectral resolution of 11 nm from 0.35 to 2.4 micrometers and of 22 nm from 2.4 to 5.2 micrometers. The instantaneous field of view (IFOV) provided by the foreoptics is 0.5 milliradians, and the current design of the instrument provides for a scanning secondary mirror which will scan a swath of length 72 IFOVs. The CRAF high resolution scan platform motion will permit slewing VIMS in a direction perpendicular to the swath. This enables the building of a two dimensional image in any or all wavelength channels. Important measurements of the dust coma will include the onset of early coma activity, the mapping of gas and dust jets and correlations with active nucleus areas, observations of the dust coma from various scattering phase angles, coverage of the low wavelength portion of the thermal radiation, and the 3.4 micrometer hydrocarbon emission. A description of the VIMS instrument is presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Infrared Observations of Comets Halley and Wilson and Properties of the Grains; p 136
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  • 7
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    High-spectral resolution observations of the 3.29 micron emission feature: Comparison to QCC and PAHs (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Two of the most promising explanations for the origin of the interstellar emission features observed at 3.29, 3.4, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 microns are: quenched carbonaceous composite (QCC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). High resolution spectra are given of the 3.29 micron emission feature which were taken with the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and previously published. These spectra show that the peak wavelength of the 3.29 micron feature is located at 3.295 + or - 0.005 micron and that it is coincident with the peak absorbance of QCC. The peak wavelength of the 3.29 micron feature appears to be the same in all of the sources observed thus far. However, the width of the feature in HD 44179 and Elias 1 is only 0.023 micron, which is smaller than the 0.043 micron width in NGC 7027, IRAS 21282+5050, the Orion nebula, and BD+30 deg 3639. Spectra of NGC 7027, QCC, and PAHs is shown. QCC matches the 3.29 micron interstellar emission feature very closely in the wavelength of the peak, and it produces a single feature. On the other hand, PAHs rarely match the peak of the interstellar emission feature, and characteristically produce multiple features.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Ames Research Center, Interstellar Dust: Contributed Papers; p 115-118
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  • 8
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    IUE observations of the dwarf novae OY Car in superoutburst (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The May 1985 superoutburst of OY Car, an eclipsing member of the SU UMa subclass of dwarf novae, was observed extensively with IUE to obtain phase-resolved spectra throughout several orbital cycles, when the superhump was well developed and lay close in phase to the eclipse. The UV lines and continuum vary with orbital phase and show a strong UV eclipse coincident with the optical eclipse. This implies that the superhump source at eclipse is not a strong contributor in the ultraviolet. The UV emission line spectrum and lack of X-ray eclipse suggest the presence of an extended coronal region. The flux evolution observed is unusual in that gross changes occur during the decline from superoutburst. The later spectra actually appear hotter than spectra earlier in the decline, and suggest that, early on, the inner disk is obscured from view.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an International Symposium on New Insights in Astrophysics. Eight Years of UV Astronomy with IUE; p 467-470
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  • 9
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    IUE survey of planetary nebulae in the large and small magellanic clouds (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Twelve planetary nebulae of the 15 surveyed by IUE in the Megellanic Clouds were analyzed. Chemical abundances and other nebular parameters were determined, along with masses for the central stars. The latter are clustered in the range 0.58 to 0.71 solar masses, contrary to preliminary finding for 3 of the stars. This difference is attributed to the adoption of stellar atmosphere models that better represent the emergent flux distributions below the Lyman limit.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an International Symposium on New Insights in Astrophysics. Eight Years of UV Astronomy with IUE; p 295-298
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  • 10
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    Retrieval of water vapor profiles from microwave radiometric measurements at 183 and 92 GHz (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Microwave radiometric measurements made from an aircraft altitude of 20 km at 183.3 + or - 2, 183.3 + or - 5, and 183.3 + or - GHz, and at 92 GHz were used to retrieve the atmospheric water vapor profiles. Retrieval techniques shown to function properly in cloudfree conditions, were improved and extended to profile water vapor under moderate cloud cover conditions. The retrieved water vapor profiles compare favorably with those of rawinsonde observations at times nearly concurrent with the radiometric measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) '88 on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 2; p 945-948
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