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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (13)
  • Genetics  (5)
  • General Chemistry  (4)
  • Physical Chemistry  (4)
  • ASTRODYNAMICS  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (29)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoplasmic microtubules connect the advancing nucleus to the tip of legume root hairs, but F-actin is involved in basipetal migration (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nuclear migration ; microtubules ; F-actin ; root hairs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A prominent feature of tip growth in filamentous plant cells is that the nucleus often migrates in step with the tip as it extends. We have studied this long-recognized but unexplained relationship in root hairs of the legume Vicia hirsuta by a variety of microscopic techniques. Using rhodaminyl lysine phallotoxin, and antitubulin antibodies, root hairs are shown to contain axial bundles of F-actin and a complex microtubular system. To the basal side of the nucleus the microtubules are cortical and net axial but in the region between nucleus and tip the arrangement is more complicated. Electron microscopic thin sections demonstrate that internal bundles of microtubles exist in addition to the plasma membrane-associated kind. Computerized deblurring of through-focal series of antitubulin stained hairs clarifies the three-dimensional organization: bundles of endoplasmic microtubules progress from the nuclear region toward the apical dome where they can be seen to fountain out upon the cortex.The relationship between nucleus and tip can be uncoupled with antimicrotubule herbicides. Time lapse video microscopy shows that these agents cause the nucleus to migrate toward the base. This contrary migration can be inhibited by adding cytochalasin D, which fragments the F-actin bundles.It is concluded that microtubules connect the nucleus to the tip but that F-actin is involved in basipetal migration as is known to occur when symbiotic bacteria uncouple the nucleus from the tip.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of the insulin receptor kinase with serine/threonine kinases in vitro (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 28 (1985), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: insulin receptor ; tyrosine phosphorylation ; serine kinases ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Insulin causes rapid phosphorylation of the β subunit (Mr = 95,000) of its receptor in broken cell preparations. This occurs on tyrosine residues and is due to activation of a protein kinase which is contained in the receptor itself. In the intact cell, insulin also stimulates the phosphorylation of the receptor and other cellular proteins on serine and threonine residues. In an attempt to find a protein that might link the receptor tyrosine kinase to these serine/threonine phosphorylation reactions, we have studied the interaction of a partially purified preparation of insulin receptor with purified preparations of serine/threoine kinases known to phosphorylate glycogen synthase. No insulin-dependent phosphorylation was ob served when casein kinases I and II, phosphorylase kinase, or glycogen synthase kinase 3 was incubated in vitro with the insulin receptor. These kinases also failed to phosphorylate the receptor. By contrast, the insulin receptor kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of the calmodulin-dependent kinase and addition of insulin in vitro resulted in a 40% increase in this phosphorylation. In the presence of calmodulin-dependent kinase and the insulin receptor kinase, insulin also stimulated the phosphorylation of calmodulin. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed an increase of phosphotyrosine content in both calmodulin and calmodulindependent protein kinase. These data suggest that the insulin receptor kinase may interact directly and specifically with the calmodulin-dependent kinase and calmodulin. Further studies will be required to determine if these phosphorylations modify the action of these regulatory proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240280209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of tissue transglutaminase gene expression as a molecular model for retinoid effects on proliferation and differentiation (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: retinoic acid ; transcriptional control ; antiproliteratiory differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Retinoids (structural and functional analogs of vitamin A) are potent antiproliferative agents whose mode of action is poorly understood. It has been suggested that the molecular events that underscore their action involve alterations in gene expression, but no gene has yet been shown to be directly regulated by these molecules. Several years ago, we found that retinoic acid caused an accumulation of the enzyme tissue transglutaminase in murine peritoneal macrophages and in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. We now report that this induction is caused by an increase in the mRNA for this enzyme. Retinoic acid is the only mediator of this induction, since its effects do not depend on the presence of serum proteins. The induction of tissue transglutaminase mRNA is not due to an increase in its stability but to an increase in the relative transcription rate of its gene. We present a model to correlate the retinoid induction of tissue transglutaminase with retinoid effects on cellular growth and differentiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240390309
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen-bonding. Part 4. An analysis of solute hydrogen-bond basicity, in terms of complexation constants (log K), using F1 and F2 factors, the principal components of different kinds of basicityPart 3. M. H. Abraham, P. P. Duce, D. V. Prior, R. A. Schulz, J. J. Morris and P. J. Taylor, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 84, 865 (1988). (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The principal components factors F1 and F2 in the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log K = {\rm BDP}_0 + S_1 F_1 + S_2 F_2 $$\end{document} have been used to obtain S1 and S2 values for sets of hydrogen-bond bases against 32 reference acid/solvent systems. The constants S1 and S2 define an angle θ = tan-1 S2/S1 that is a measure of the electrostatic:covalent bonding ratio in the hydrogen-bond complex. It is shown that θ can vary from 53 (4-fluorophenol in CH2Cl2)to 86 degrees (Ph2NH in CCl4) depending on the reference acid and solvent. This variation in θ can lead to family dependent behaviour in plots of log K for bases against a given reference acid system vs log K for bases against another reference acid system, and precludes the construction of any general scale of hydrogen-bond basicity using log K values. Amongst a quite wide range of reference acid/solvent systems θ varies only from 64 to 73 degrees, and for bases against these reference systems a ‘reasonably general’ scale could be set up. Such a scale could be extended to bases against reference acid/solvent systems outside the 64-73 degree range provided that certain classes of base (e.g. pyridines, alkylamines) were excluded from the additional reference acid/solvent systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610020307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen-bonding 8.Part 7; M. H. Abraham, P. L. Grellier, D. V. Prior, P. P. Duce, J. J. Morris and P. J. Taylor. J. Chem Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, (in press). Possible equivalence of solute and solvent scales of hydrogen-bond basicity of non-associated compounds (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 540-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Using the solvatochromic indicator method, a scale of solvent hydrogen-bond basicity, β1 (General), has been set up using a series of double regression equations, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \nu = \nu _0 + s\pi _1^* + b\beta _1 $$\end{document} for 11 aniline-type indicators. A similar solvent scale, β1 (Special), has been constructed by the homomorphic comparison method using only results by Laurence et al. on the indicators 4-nitroaniline and 4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline. Results are available from our previous work on a general solute scale, β2H, and we have also obtained a special solute scale, β2 (pKHB) from available log K values for hydrogen-bond complexation of bases with 4-fluorophenol in CCl4. However, the two solute β2 scales are virtually identical.It is shown that there is a general connection between β1(General) and β2H, with r = 0·9775 and s.d. = 0·05 for 32 compounds, and between β1(Special) and β2H, with r = 0·9776 and s.d. = 0·06 for the same 32 compounds. The latter correlation over 60 compounds yields r = 0·9684 and s.d. = 0·07. However, there are so many compounds in these regressions for which the differences in the solvent and solute β values are larger than the total expected error of 0·07 units that the use of β1 to predict β2 or vice versa is a very hazardous procedure. About 70 new β1 values obtained by the double regression method are also reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610020706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selenium deficiency in cultured adrenocortical cells: Restoration of glutathione peroxidase and resistance to hydroperoxides on addition of selenium (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 123 (1985), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultured bovine adrenocortical cells were previously shown to be functionally deficient in selenium and vitamin E when grown in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. In the present experiments, the lack of significant bioavailable amounts of selenium in the medium was demonstrated by the finding of only low levels of glutathione peroxidase in the cultured cells (0.008 U/mg protein compared with 0.045 U/mg protein in fresh adrenocortical tissue). When 20 nM selenium as selenite was added to the cultured adrenocortical cells, glutathione peroxidase activity increased continuously over 72 h, with a total increase of about eightfold over this period. Over the same time-course, the highest concentration of cumene hydroperoxide tolerated by the cells without cell death increased progressively from 10 μM to 50 μM. Addition of 1μM α-tocopherol also increased the amount of cumene hydroperoxide tolerated to 50 μM. Cell death was measured by cloning efficiency after removal of cumene hydroperoxide. Addition of either selenium or α-tocopherol had little effect on the growth rate of the cells over six passages, even when residual vitamin E was removed from the serum by extraction with ether and residual low molecular weight selenium compounds were removed by dialysis. It is concluded that combined deficiency of selenium and vitamin E, at least in the presence of other components of fetal bovine serum, has little effect on the ability of the cells to survive under normal conditions, as evidenced by continued long-term proliferation. However, the low levels of glutathione peroxidase resulting from selenium deficiency cause an increase susceptibility to peroxide-mediated toxicity. The combined deficiency of selenium and vitamin E impairs the ability of cells to survive under adverse conditions, as well as altering mitochondrial functions, as previously demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041230106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular sieving characteristics of the cultured endothelial monolayer (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We examined the selectivity of the bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayer in vitro to molecules of different sizes. The cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial monolayer was grown on a gelatinized filter and the transendothelial transport was studied by determining the permeability of molecules ranging from 182 to 340,000 daltons under diffusion conditions. The permeabilities across the cultured bovine endothelium were modeled according to cylindrical pore theory. The data were best fit by a two-pore model with radii 65 Å and 304 Å and a ratio of small to large pores of 160:1. The results indicate that the cultured endothelial monolayer is a selective barrier to molecules of different sizes and that the molecular selectivity is consistent with a diffusional pathway through endothelial pore equivalents. The cultured endothelial monolayer is a useful system for studying the permeability characteristics of the endothelial barrier.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320115
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein kinase C (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The combined application of protein structural techniques, immunochemistry, and molecular biology has permitted an analysis of the differential expression of the genes for the three related protein kinases, C-α, -β, and γ. The evidence now suggests that the type of protein kinase C in a cell may govern the nature and mechanisms of functional responses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to cultured endothelial monolayers: Increased endothelial adhesiveness (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 134 (1988), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We examined the effects of α-thrombin on the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cell monolayers. Endothelial cells derived from the ovine pulmonary artery and ovine neutrophils were used. Thrombin (10-8 M) resulted in a time-dependent increase in neutrophil adherence to the endothelium. The response was concentration-dependent with a maximal response at 10-8 M. Thrombin did not induce neutrophil adherence either to plastic or to endothelial cell-derived matrix. The adherence response was inhibited in the presence of α-thrombin that had been inactivated with anti-thrombin III (1U:1U) or with hirudin (1 U/ml). However, the addition of either anti-thrombin III or hirudin simultaneously with α-thrombin to the cultured endothelial monolayers did not prevent neutrophil adherence. The monoclonal antibody MoAb 60.3, which precipitates a complex of four neutrophil surface glycoproteins (CDw18) was used to further characterize the reaction. MoAb 60.3 decreased the thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to the endothelial monolayer. Addition of 10-8 M thrombin to the endothelial monolayer for 60 min, followed by washing the endothelium with fresh medium, caused resting neutrophils to adhere to the endothelial monolayers. MoAb 60.3 decreased neutrophil adherence to the washed endothelium. The factor(s) responsible for adherence was partially transferable. Medium obtained from incubating endothelial monolayers with thrombin (10-8 M) for 60 min, adding hirudin to the medium to inactivate thrombin, and transferring it to untreated endothelial monolayers, elicited neutrophil adherence. The response was less than that obtained with thrombin alone (22.9 ± 2.3% vs. 12.9 ± 3.3%). The results indicate that the catalytic site of the thrombin molecule is responsible for the adherent activity. Thrombin elicits a rapid activation of endothelial cells with a response that involves the expression of endothelial adhesion sites and sites that interact with the neutrophil CDw18 adhesive glycoprotein complex. In addition, soluble transferable factor(s) which are generated by the endothelium also contribute to thrombin-induced neutrophil adherence.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041340214
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen synthesis by murine bone marrow cell culture (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Collagen types synthesized by murine bone marrow cells were studied and the effect of lithium chloride on collagen biosynthesis in vitro was investigated. In the liquid culture system used, an adherent, mixed cell population supports hemopoiesis. Radioactive labeling of cell cultures and subsequent fractionation with ammonium sulfate, enzyme digestion, immune precipitation, and gel electrophoresis indicated that the bone marrow cells synthesized precursors to collagen types I, III, and IV, and fibronectin. A previously undescribed molecule or fragment with an apparent molecular weight of 17,000 daltons that was susceptible to bacterial collagenase and containing no interchain disulfide bonds was also identified in the culture media of both control and lithium-treated cells. Lithium treatment did not affect the types of collagen synthesized, although the relative proportions of collagen types may differ from controls. However, lithium does have an effect on the appearance of some, as yet unidentified, non-collagenous components in the cell culture media.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041270307
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