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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: The complete amino acid sequence of amphiregulin, a bifunctional cell growth modulator, was determined. The truncated form contains 78 amino acids, whereas a larger form of amphiregulin contains six additional amino acids at the amino-terminal end. The amino-terminal half of amphiregulin is extremely hydrophilic and contains unusually high numbers of lysine, arginine, and asparagine residues. The carboxyl-terminal half of amphiregulin (residues 46 to 84) exhibits striking homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins. Amphiregulin binds to the EGF receptor but not as well as EGF does. Amphiregulin fully supplants the requirement for EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte growth, but it is a much weaker growth stimulator in other cell systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoyab, M -- Plowman, G D -- McDonald, V L -- Bradley, J G -- Todaro, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oncogen, Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amphiregulin ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Division ; EGF Family of Proteins ; Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology ; Epidermis/cytology ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Humans ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Keratins/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: Two major protective antigens of Rickettsia rickettsii have been previously described. In this study, we cloned the gene encoding one of these antigens into Escherichia coli and tested the effectiveness of the recombinant-made product as a vaccine for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. A clone bank of R strain R. rickettsii DNA was made in E. coli K-12 by using the plasmid vector pBR322. Transformants were screened for their ability to make rickettsial antigens by reactivity with rabbit antibodies to R. rickettsii. One of the transformants, EM24(pGAM21), made a product reactive with two monoclonal antibodies that recognize a 155-kilodalton protein of R. rickettsii. One of the monoclonal antibodies was a member of a class of antibodies that react to heat-sensitive epitopes and protect mice injected with a potentially lethal dose of viable R. rickettsii. The cloned product contained this protective heat-sensitive epitope. In order to obtain enhanced expression, the gene was subcloned downstream of the lactose promoter on the plasmid vector pUC8. A sonic lysate of E. coli harboring the pUC8 subclone was used successfully as a vaccine to protect mice injected with a lethal dose of the viable R. rickettsii.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, G A -- Anacker, R L -- Garjian, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235(4784):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3099387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*genetics ; Antigens, Bacterial/*genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mice ; Rickettsia rickettsii/*genetics/immunology ; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/*prevention & control ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: Substantial evidence suggests that calcium has a pivotal role in regulating the initial events through which insulin alters plasma membrane metabolism. Because binding of insulin to its receptor represents the initial site of insulin action in the plasma membrane, studies were undertaken to determine whether the insulin receptor is a calmodulin-binding protein. Preparations enriched in the insulin receptor and calmodulin-binding proteins were isolated from detergent-solubilized rat adipocyte membranes by chromatography with wheat germ agglutinin agarose and calmodulin-conjugated Sepharose, respectively. Substantial purification of a manganese-dependent, insulin-sensitive phosphoprotein of 95K identified as the beta subunit of the insulin receptor was accomplished. Binding and photocovalent cross-linking of iodine-125-labeled calmodulin to these affinity-purified preparations and to isolated plasma membranes, followed by immunoadsorption with insulin receptor antibodies bound to protein A Sepharose, resulted in significant purification of a binding complex of 110K to 140K. These results indicate that the adipocyte insulin receptor or a polypeptide closely associated with the receptor is a calmodulin-binding protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graves, C B -- Goewert, R R -- McDonald, J M -- AM-25897/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):827-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3904001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/isolation & purification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method has been developed for two- and three-dimensional computations of viscous supersonic jet flows interacting with an external flow. The approach employs a reduced form of the Navier-Stokes equations which allows solution as an initial-boundary value problem in space, using an efficient noniterative forward marching algorithm. Numerical instability associated with forward marching algorithms for flows with embedded subsonic regions is avoided by approximation of the reduced form of the Navier-Stokes equations in the subsonic regions of the boundary layers. Supersonic and subsonic portions of the flow field are simultaneously calculated by a consistently split linearized block implicit computational algorithm. The results of computations for a series of test cases associated with supersonic jet flow is presented and compared with other calculations for axisymmetric cases. Demonstration calculations indicate that the computational technique has great promise as a tool for calculating a wide range of supersonic flow problems including jet flow. Finally, a User's Manual is presented for the computer code used to perform the calculations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-4021 , E-3211 , NAS 1.26:4021
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A model of the hairpin vortex has been constructed and used in two distinct but related approaches. The first approach is kinematic in nature in which a synthesis procedure using hairpin vortices to provide a quantitative link between mean flow quantities and the statistical quantities of near wall turbulence has become developed. The second approach is dynamic in nature, and the evolution of an incipient 'representative' hairpin vortex as well as the distortion of a background laminar boundary layer flow, in which the hairpin vortex is immersed, has been simulated by numerical solution of the unsteady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The multidimensional, ensemble-averaged, compressible, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations have been used to study the turbulent flow field in two and three-dimensional turbine cascades. The viscous regions of the flow were resolved and non-slip boundary conditions were utilized on solid surfaces. The calculations were performed in a constructive 'O'-type grid which allows representation of the blade rounded trailing edge. Converged solutions were obtained in relatively few time steps (about 80-150) and comparisons for both surface pressure and heat transfer showed good agreement with data. The three-dimensional turbine cascade calculation showed many of the expected flow-field features.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ASME PAPER 85-GT-66
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new method has been developed for two- and three-dimensional computations of viscous supersonic flows with embedded subsonic regions adjacent to solid boundaries. The approach employs a reduced form of the Navier-Stokes equations which allows solution as an initial-boundary value problem in space, using an efficient noniterative forward marching algorithm. Numerical instability associated with forward marching algorithms for flows with embedded subsonic regions is avoided by approximation of the reduced form of the Navier-Stokes equations in the subsonic regions of the boundary layers. Supersonic and subsonic portions of the flow field are simultaneously calculated by a consistently split linearized block implicit computational algorithm. The results of computations for a series of test cases relevant to internal supersonic flow is presented and compared with data. Comparison between data and computation are in general excellent thus indicating that the computational technique has great promise as a tool for calculating supersonic flow with embedded subsonic regions. Finally, a User's Manual is presented for the computer code used to perform the calculations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-4020 , E-3210 , NAS 1.26:4020
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An efficient particle simulation technique for hypersonic rarefied flows is presented at an algorithmic and implementation level. The implementation is for a vector computer architecture, specifically the Cray-2. The method models an ideal diatomic Maxwell molecule with three translational and two rotational degrees of freedom. Algorithms are designed specifically for compatibility with fine grain parallelism by reducing the number of data dependencies in the computation. By insisting on this compatibility, the method is capable of performing simulation on a much larger scale than previously possible. A two-dimensional simulation of supersonic flow over a wedge is carried out for the near-continuum limit where the gas is in equilibrium and the ideal solution can be used as a check on the accuracy of the gas model employed in the method. Also, a three-dimensional, Mach 8, rarefied flow about a finite-span flat plate at a 45 degree angle of attack was simulated. It utilized over 10 to the 7th particles carried through 400 discrete time steps in less than one hour of Cray-2 CPU time. This problem was chosen to exhibit the capability of the method in handling a large number of particles and a true three-dimensional geometry.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-2735
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A discrete Particle Simulation method, recently formulated by Baganoff, is discussed in the context of its application to the simulation of the flow field about the Aeroassisted Flight Experiment (AFE). As a basis for discussion the current algorithm is first described. Because of the use of a cubic Cartesian mesh, the representation of the geometry is different than that of other particle methods and an algorithm for its generation is discussed. The method is applied to test problems and then to the AFE calculation with the use of 9.52 million particles and 432,000 cells.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-1711
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An efficient particle simulation technique, developed for use on vector architecture based supercomputers for studying hypersonic rarefied gas flows is employed to simulate the complex wake generated by Mach six flow over a 10 deg half-angle wedge for freestream Reynolds numbers of 1780 and 3560. Data obtained are compared against higher Reynolds number experimental results. Simulations utilized as many as 10 to the 5th computational cells and 10 to the 7th simulated particles having power-law interaction potentials. A code performance of 1.8-2.4 microsec of Cray-2 CPU time to process a single particle per timestep is achieved. Diffuse adiabatic and isothermal wedge surface models are used in this investigation. Although the wedge geometry is two-dimensional, the simulation incorporates a width-wise direction, resulting in a three-dimensional computation.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-1665
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