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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (4)
  • Chemistry  (4)
  • NUMERICAL ANALYSIS  (3)
  • 61.10  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 57-64 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental method is described for the phase determination of x-ray reflections from noncentrosymmetric crystals. This method results from considerations on the phase dependence of line profiles in three-beam reflection-type diffractions for wavelength λ above and below a critical absorption edgeλ E of the heaviest constituent atom in the crystals. A relationS p =S L ·S R for phase determination is derived theoretically and verified experimentally forλ〈λ E ,S p being the sign of the sine of invariant phase,S L the sign defined from the line profile, andS R determined by the rotation of the crystal lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3127-3141 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isobutylene has been polymerized in a continuous stirred tank reactor using a catalyst system comprised of 1-bromoadamantane and diethylaluminum chloride. The polymerization was carried out in hexane solvent at -15 to -27°C and gave 100% conversion to polyisobutylene (PIB) of 1000-3000 Mw. The results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses are consistent with a mechanism involving the formation of the adamantyl cabocation and its addition to an isobutylene molecule to initiate polymerization. 13C-NMR analyses show that the PIB products contain R2C—CR2 and R2C—CHR olefin types. Information on the nature of these olefins and the route to their formation has been developed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1405-1406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fragment-molecule (F+M) adduct ions of a variety of heterocyclic systems have been observed in positive methane chemical ionization spectra at relatively low sample concentrations, i.e. in the microgram range. The relative abundance of these adduct ions increases with sample concentration. Possible mechanisms of formation of F+M are discussed. Formation of such ions should be recognized as an artifact, otherwise such F+M adduct ions in chemical and electron ionization may be mistaken for impurities present in a sample.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation patterns of 3-methyl-2-butyl trifluoroacetate and 2-methyl-2-butyl trifluoroacetate were investigated by GC/MS/MS, with electron impact and collision-induced dissociation, on regular and isotope-labeled (deuterium and 18O) esters. The atoms found in various fragments could be traced back to specific positions in the parent molecules. In this way, molecular rearrangements potentially occurring during the formation of esters by trifluoroacetolysis of 3-methyl-2-butyl p-toluenesulfonate or trifluoroacetic acid addition to various 2-methylbutenes could be shown. Rearrangements also occurred during the fragmentation, particularly during the expulsion of the small fragments CO, C2H4 and F2CO. For the decompositions of oxygen-containing ions these rearrangements were highly specific. By contrast, alkyl cations lead to fragments that are fully scrambled (statistical label distribution). Alkene radical cations ([CnH2n]+ ·) fragment to daughter ions that are extensively, but less than statistically scrambled. Hydrogen scrambling may also occur in fluoroalkyl cation fragments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The carbon isotopic composition of individual organic compounds of meteoritic origin remains unknown, as most reported carbon isotopic ratios are for bulk carbon or solvent extractable fractions. The researchers managed to determine the carbon isotopic ratios for individual hydrocarbons and monocarboxylic acids isolated from a Murchison sample by a freeze-thaw-ultrasonication technique. The abundances of monocarboxylic acids and saturated hydrocarbons decreased with increasing carbon number and the acids are more abundant than the hydrocarbon with the same carbon number. For both classes of compounds, the C-13 to C-12 ratios decreased with increasing carbon number in a roughly parallel manner, and each carboxylic acid exhibits a higher isotopic number than the hydrocarbon containing the same number of carbon atoms. These trends are consistent with a kinetically controlled synthesis of higher homologues for lower ones.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Second Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life; p 40
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Preliminary results of a study whose aim is the characterization of carbon (C) species in microvolumes of materials by means of laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) are presented. The LIMS instrument employs a pulsed UV laser to produce nearly instantaneous vaporization and ionization of materials, followed by acceleration and time-of-flight analysis of the ions produced. LIMS provides a survey technique with nearly simultaneous acquisition of mass spectra covering the entire elemental range. The main limitation of the LIMS technique at present is its limited ability to perform quantitative analysis, due in part to insufficient knowledge of the mechanism of laser-solid interaction. However, considerable effort is now being directed at making LIMS a more quantitative technique. A variety of different C samples, both natural and man made were analyzed to establish the ability of LIMS to differentiate among the various C phases. The results of preliminary analyses performed on meteoritical and interplanetary dust samples are also presented. The C standards selected for the LIMS characterization range from essentially amorphous soot to diamond, which exhibits the highest degree of ordering.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Trajectory Determinations and Collection of Micrometeoroids on the Space Station; p 77-79
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The carbonaceous meteorites exhibiting alteration by liquid water bear a strong relationship to comets. Not only is their elemental composition closer to solar in relative abundances than other meteorites, they are water rich; and they contain isotopic compositions among refractory and volatile elements indicative of presolar components. Some of these isotopic anomalies occur in organic compounds and carbonaceous grains signifying the presence of discrete and identifiable carbon components derived from interstellar and circumstellar matter. Insofar as comets and meteorites are ultimately formed from interstellar gas and dust, and comets have been subjected to considerably less aqueous and thermal evolution than carbonaceous meteorites, the interstellar imprint should be much stronger and better preserved in comets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Analysis of Returned Comet Nucleus Samples; p 13-14
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The adsorption and recombination of atomic hydrogen on a model graphite grain have been examined in a series of calculations in which a modified, iterative, extended Hueckel program was used. The hydrogen atom is found to be chemisorbed at a site with a zero-point binding energy of 0.7 eV and at an equilibrium distance of 2.25 A above the site. Despite a barrier of about 0.4 eV between adjacent sites, calculations suggest that at temperatures as low as 10 K, an H atom will tunnel through to adjacent sites in less than one nanosecond. However, a potential barrier to the recombination of two hydrogen atoms has been found which displays high sensitivity to the mutual arrangement of the two hydrogen atoms with respect to the graphite surface. Results show that at very low temperatures, recombinations can occur only by tunneling. Consistent with experiment, the region in which H2 begins to form exhibits a repulsive potential with respect to possible chemisorption of the incipient H2 entity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 293; 243-250
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two-step semidirect procedure is developed to accelerate the one-step procedure described in NASA TP-2529. For a set of constant coefficient model problems, the acceleration factor increases from 1 to 2 as the one-step procedure convergence rate decreases from + infinity to 0. It is also shown numerically that the two-step procedure can substantially accelerate the convergence of the numerical solution of many partial differential equations (PDE's) with variable coefficients.
    Keywords: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
    Type: NASA-TP-2530 , E-2528-1 , NAS 1.60:2530
    Format: application/pdf
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