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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: phosphorus nutrition ; photosynthesis ; ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ; ribulose bisphosphate ; 3-phosphoglycerate ; O2 partial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus-deficient spinach plants were grown by transferring them to nutrient solutions without PO4. Photosynthetic rates were measured at a range of intercellular CO2 partial pressures from 50–500 μbar and then the leaves were freeze-clamped in situ to measure ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and metabolite concentrations. Compared with control leaves, deficient leaves had significantly lower photosynthetic rates, percentage activation of Rubisco, and amounts of ribulose bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate at all CO2 partial pressures. After feeding 10 mM PO4 to the petioles of detached deficient leaves, all these measurements increased within 2 hours. At atmospheric CO2 partial pressure the photosynthetic rate was stimulated in 19 mbar O2 compared with 200 mbar. At higher CO2 partial pressures this stimulation was less but the percentage stimulation in deficient leaves was no different from controls in either CO2 partial pressure. It was concluded that phosphorus deficiency affects both Rubisco activity and the capacity for ribulose bisphosphate regeneration, and possible causes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1567-1576 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the Part I companion paper, various PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient) strategies for solving the first order time dependent problem Mu̇ + Ku = f were compared. In all cases M was assumed to be the consistent ‘mass’ matrix arising out of conventional finite element semi-discretization of the partial differential equation, and not its lumped approximation. In the present paper, similar PCG strategies are applied to the second order time dependent problem Mü + Cu̇ + Ku = f. Again consistent M and C can be retained. Various global and element level preconditioners are compared and optimized.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1557-1566 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The performances of some PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient) algorithms are evaluated in the solution of first order time dependent parabolic partial differential equations, such as the heat conduction equation, which have been spatially discretized using finite elements. ‘Consistent mass’ discretizations are preferred by the authors to ‘lumped mass’ ones and various preconditioners are then compared - diagonal, incomplete Choleski and EBE (‘element-by-element’). Recommendations are made and implications for parallel computation outlined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 9 (1985), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A computational procedure is developed for solving the problem of a circular hydraulic fracture propagating under the action of frac-0fluid being pumped in at a central wellbore. The crack is modelled as continuous distributions of ring dislocations and the resulting elasticity singular integral equation is solved numerically. The fluid flow equations are approximated by local and global interpolation finite difference schemes. The coupling between elasticity and fluid flow is handled numerically, by, two different algorithms: one iterates on crack tip velocity whereas the other varies the time step size until it agrees with the chosen increment in crack length. Sample results are given; it is found that the velocity algorithm is computationally more, efficient and more stable. The model allows detailed tracing of pressure distribution and fluid flow in the fracture, even under complex conditions of cyclic injection and fluid rheology. It may serve as a stand-alone model of (horizontal) hydrafracs-especially at shallow depths-or it may be used as a reference frame to test the various numerical formulation/algorithms required for the ongoing development of a fully 3-D hydrafrac simulator.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 5 (1989), S. 263-274 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new method to evaluate the stress intensity factors for plates of arbitary shape by conventional finite elements is introduced. The problems of the large number of unknowns and the round-off errors associated with fine meshes are eliminated by means of global interpolation functions. These global interpolation functions are actually the analytical solutions of the displacement patterns near the crack tips. While the analytical solutions do not satisfy the boundary conditions in general, the present method considers the boundary conditions by master nodes. Very few unknowns can predict accurate results and no unconventional finite elements are required. The stress intensity factors can be calculated from the nodal displacements of the super-element in one go. Plates with single and double notch edges and centre crack are taken as examples. The method can be generalized to other crack problems without difficulty.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 5 (1989), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: To date, EBE algorithms for parabolic systems have assumed that the mass or capacity matrix may be lumped (diagonalized). An algorithm is presented in which this lumping process is not necessary. The practical implications of these alternatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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