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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5)
  • Land-use planning  (2)
  • 06A10 partial order  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computing the bump number is easy (1988)
    Springer
    Order 5 (1988), S. 107-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Keywords: 06A10 partial order ; 68C25 computational complexity and efficiency of algorithms ; 68E10 graph theory ; 90C08 special problems of linear programming ; Bump number ; jump number ; polynomial algorithm ; linear extension ; bump-critical ; min-max theorem ; extension lattice ; linear circuit layout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The bump number b(P) of a partial order P is the minimum number of comparable adjacent pairs in some linear extension of P. It has an interesting application in the context of linear circuit layout problems. Its determination is equivalent to maximizing the number of jumps in some linear extension of P, for which the corresponding minimization problem (the jump number problem) is known to be NP-hard. We derive a polynomial algorithm for determining b(P). The proof of its correctness is based on a min-max theorem involving simple-structured series-parallel partial orders contained in P. This approach also leads to a characterization of all minimal partial orders (with respect to inclusion of the order relations) with fixed bump number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil conservation policy in the United States (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 209-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Soil conservation ; Land-use planning ; Agricultural policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Soil conservation has been a matter of federal natural resource policy for over a half century in the United States. A variety of federal programs have been undertaken to encourage soil conservation. There are goals which are essential to these programs, and there are related ancillary programs with different goals which often have had an impact on the extent to which the central soil conservation objectives have been effectively implemented. This article analyzes four aspects of federal soil conservation goals and programs: the evolution of the constellation of soil conservation goals, the problems with goal implementation, implementation effectiveness, and the appropriateness of the implementation and administration of federal goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream corridor management in the Pacific Northwest: II. Management strategies (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 599-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Stream corridors ; Pacific Northwest ; Land-use planning ; Local land-use legislation ; Stream corridor protection ; Puget Sound ; King County (Washington)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract King County, Washington is part of the rapidly growing Pacific Northwest region. Analysis of past and current federal, state, and county regulations and administation reveals how stream corridors have been protected to date. This article draws on scientific literature and a case study to suggest future management strategies and guidelines for controlling development in King County watersheds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880158
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, XLIV. Platin(II) und Palladium(II) als Aminoschutzgruppen. Metallkomplexe mit Silylestern und α-Aminosäurechloriden als Liganden und Peptid-Synthese am Komplex (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands, XLIV. - Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) as Amino Protecting Groups. Metal Complexes with Silyl Esters and Acid Chlorides as Ligands and Peptide Synthesis at the ComplexThe cleavage of the chelate ring of platinum(II) and palladium(II) glycinate, cis-, trans-M(NH2CH2COO)2 (M = Pt, Pd), by trialkylchlorosilanes results in the formation of the complexes cis-, trans-MCl2(NH2CH2CO2SiR3)2 (1). Treatment of 1 or of cis-, trans-MCl2(NH2CHRCO2H)2, respectively, with oxalyl chloride and DMF gives the α-amino acid chloride complexes cis-, trans-MCl2(NH2CHRCOCl)2 (2) from which - using N-(trimethylsilyl)-α-amino acid esters - a series of dipeptide complexes cis-, trans-MCl2(dipeptideOR)2 (R = H, alkyl, SiMe3) (3) has been obtained. trans-Palladium complexes of type 3 and of type cis-Pd-Cl2(HisNHCHRCO2Et) (4) are also formed form the corresponding α-amino acid complexes and α-amino acid ester with a watersoluble carbodiimide.
    Notes: Der Chelatring von Platin(II)- und Palladium(II)-glycinat, cis-, trans-M(NH2CH2COO)2 (M = Pt, Pd), läßt sich mit Trialkylchlorsilanen unter Bildung der Dichlorobis(glycin-silylester)-Komplexe, cis-, trans-MCl2(NH2CH2CO2SiR3)2 (1), öffnen. Aus 1 oder den Komplexen MCl2(NH2CHRCO2H)2 werden mit Oxalylchlorid und DMF die α-Aminosäurechlorid-Verbindungen cis-, trans-MCl2(NH2CHRCOCl)2 (2) erhalten, welche mit N-(Trimethylsilyl)-α-aminosäureestern die Dipeptid-Komplexe cis-, trans-MCl2(DipeptidOR)2 (R = H, Alkyl, SiMe2) (3) liefern. trans-Palladium-Komplexe vom Typ 3 und vom Typ cis-PdCl2(His-NHCHRCO2Et) (4) entstehen auch aus den entsprechenden α-Aminosäure-Komplexen und dem α-Aminosäureester mit einem wasserlöslichen Carbodiimid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881210212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metall-Komplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, XLVII. Kupfer-, Nickel-, Palladium- und Platin(II)-Komplexe mit C-Allylglycin und N-(Diphenylmethylen)-C-allylglycinester (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1759-1765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands, XLVII1). Copper, Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum(II) Complexes of C-Allylglycine and N-(Diphenylmethylene)-C-allylglycine EsterC-Allylglycine reacts with Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt(II) salts - dependent on pH - to give trans-N,O-bischelate complexes M[NH2CH(CH2CH=CH2CO2]2 (M = Cu, Ni, Pd) 1 or N,η2-C,C-chelate complexes Cl2MNH2CH(CO)2R)CH2CR=CH2 (R = H, Me; M = Pd, Pt). The reactions of N-(diphenylmethylene)-C-allylglycine ester with Na2PdCl4 and PtCl2 yield ortho-metallated complexes 3, in which the ligand is bound to the ortho-C(phenyl) atom, the imino-B atom, and the olefinic double bond. 2a and 3c were characterized by X-ray structure analyses.
    Notes: C-Allylglycin reagiert - abhängig vom pH-Wert - mit Ni-, Cu-, Pd- und Pt(II)-Salzen zu den trans-N,O-Bischelat-Komplexen M[NH2CH(CH2CH=CH2CO2]2 1 (M = Cu, Ni, Pd) oder zu N,η2-C,C-Chelat-Komplexen Cl2MNH2CH(CO)2R)CH2C-(R)=CH2 2 (R = H, Me; M = Pd, Pt). N-(Diphenylmethylen)-C-allylglycinester setzen sich mit Na2PdCl4 oder PtCl2 zu den ortho-metallierten Komplexen 3 um, in denen der Ligand dreizähnig über das ortho-C(Phenyl)-Atom, das Iminostickstoff-Atom und die C = C-Doppelbindung koordiniert ist. Die Molekülstrukturen von 2a und 3c wurden röntgenographisch bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881211010
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Komplexchemie perhalogenierter Cyclopentadiene und Alkine, IV. Darstellung, Reaktionen und Strukturen von Alkylthio- und Phenylthiosubstituierten (Cyclopentadienyl)mangan- und -rhodiumkomplexen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (Cyclopentadienyl)manganese complexes ; (Cyclopentadienyl)rhodium complexes ; Perhalogenocyclopentadienyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry of Complexes of Perhalogenated Cyclopentadienes and Alkynes. IV. - Preparation, Reactions, and Structures of Alkylthio- and Phenylthio-Substituted (Cyclopentadienyl)manganese and -rhodium ComplexesThe syntheses and crystal structures of (C5Cl4SPh)Rh(1,5-COD) (2b), [C5Cl3(SR)2Mn](CO)3 [R = Ph (4a), Me (4b)] and [C5Cl2-(SPh)3]Mn(CO)3(5a) as well as the syntheses of [C5Cl5-x- (SBu)x]Mn(CO)3 [x = 1 (3b), 2 (4c), 3 (5b)] and the reactions of [C5Cl2(SR)3]Mn(CO)3 and [C5(SMe)5]Mn(CO)3 with PdCl2(Ph-CN)2 are described. The cyclopentadienyl ring in 2b is not planar, and the three phenyl rings of 5a are parallel to each other.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und die Kristallstrukturen von (C5Cl4SPh)Rh-(1,5-COD)(2b), [C5Cl3(SR)2Mn](CO)3 [R = Ph (4a), Me (4b)] und [C5Cl2(SPh)3]Mn(CO)3 (5a) sowie die Darstellung von [C5Cl5-x (SBu)x]Mn(CO)3 [x = 1 (3b), 2 (4c), 3 (5b)], ferner Reaktionen von [C5Cl2(SR)3]Mn(CO)3 und [C5(SMe)5]Mn(CO)3 mit PdCl2-(PhCN)2 werden beschrieben. In 2b ist der Cyclopentadienylring nicht planar, und in 5a stehen die drei Phenylringe nahezu parallel.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azidocuprate(II). Die Kristallstruktur von (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6]Professor Rudolf Hoppe zum 65. Geburtstage am 29. Oktober 1987 gewidmet (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 553 (1987), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azidocuprates(II). Crystal Structure of (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6](PPh4)2[Cu(N3)4] and (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6], which is already known, are prepared from the corresponding chloro cuprates and excess silver azide in dichloro methane suspension. The azido cuprates form nonexplosive brown crystals of low sensitivity to moisture and are characterized by i.r. spectroscopy. (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6] was submitted to a X-ray crystallographic structural analysis (4284 observed, independent reflexions, R = 0.034). The compound crystallizes triclinic in the space group P1 with one formula unit per unit cell. The lattice parameters are a = 1047.4 pm; b = 1131.1 pm; c = 1179.4 pm; α = 101.26°; β = 109.31°; γ = 103.42°. The compound consists of PPh4⊕ cations and centrosymmetric anions [Cu2(N3)6]2⊖, which meet D2h-symmetry fairly well. In the anions the copper atoms are linked to a planar Cu2N2 four-membered ring by the N α atoms of two azide groups. The other azido ligands are bonded terminally and complete coordination number 4 at the Cu atoms which show planar geometry.
    Notes: (PPh4)2[Cu(N3)4] sowie das bereits bekannte (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6] werden aus Lösungen der entsprechenden Chlorocuprate in Dichlormethan mit überschüssigem Silberazid hergestellt. Die Azidocuprate bilden braune, nicht explosive, nur wenig feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle, die wir IR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert haben. Von (PPh4)2[Cu2(N3)6] wurde eine röntgenographische Strukturanalyse ausgeführt (4284 unabhängige beobachtete Reflexe, R = 3,4%). Die Verbindung kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1 mit einer Formeleinheit pro Elementarzelle und mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1047,4; b = 1131,1; c = 1179,4 pm; α = 101,26°; β = 109,31°; γ = 103,42°. Die Verbindung besteht aus PPh4⊕-Ionen und zentrosymmetrischen Anionen [Cu2(N3)6]2⊖, die recht gut D2h-Symmetrie erfüllen. In ihnen sind die Cu-Atome über je ein α-N-Atom zweier Azidogruppen zu einem ebenen Cu2N2-Vierring verknüpft; je zwei weitere terminal gebundene Azidogruppen ergänzen die Koordinationszahl 4 an den planar umgebenen Cu-Atomen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875531007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azidokomplexe von Mangan(II) und Cobalt(II) Die Kristallstrukturen von (PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4] und (PPh4)2[Co(N3)3Cl] (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 555 (1987), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azido Complexes of Manganese(II) and Cobalt(II). Crystal Structures of (PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4] and PPh42[Co(N3)3Cl](PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4] and (PPh4)2[Co(N3)3Cl] were obtained as light-brown and green blue, nonexplosive crystalline compounds, respectively. They are only slightly sensitive to moisture and were obtained from the tetrachloro complexes (PPh4)2MCl4 by reactions with silver azide in dichloromethane. The compounds were characterized by thier i.r. spectra and by crystal structure analyses. Both crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c, Z = 4, but they are not isotypic. (PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4]: structure determination with 711 independent reflexions, R = 0.097; a = 2249.1, b = 1499.6, c = 1370.3 pm, β = 104.86°. (PPh4)2[Co(N3)Cl]: 2753 reflexions, R = 0.075; a = 1119.7, b = 1899.2, c = 2115.4 pm, β = 90.47°. The structures consist of PPh4+ ions and of anions that are situated on twofold crystallographic rotation axes. The anions show positional disorder, statistically assuming two different orientations with probabilities of 50% each; in the case of [Co(N3)3Cl]2⊖, the Cl atom is superimposed statistically with an azido group, whereas the [Mn(N3)4]2⊖ ion is tilted by about 20° from the ideal position to two sides of the crystallographic axis. In both compounds the cation form layers and the anions are located between the layers.
    Notes: (PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4] bzw. (PPh4)2[Co(N3)3Cl] entstehen in Form hellbrauner (Mn) bzw. grünblauer (Co), wenig feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher, nichtexplosiver Kristalle durch Umsetzung der Tetrachlorometallate (PPh4)2[MCl4] mit überschüssigem Silberazid in Dichlormethan. Die Verbindungen werden durch ihre IR-Spektren und durch röntgenorgraphische Strukturanalysen charakterisiert. Beide Verbindungen kristallisieren monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, sie sind jedoch nicht isotyp. (PPh4)2[Mn(N3)4]: Strukturbestimmung mit 711 unabhängigen beobachtten Reflexen, R = 9,7%. Gitterkonstanten: a = 2249,1; b = 1499,6; c = 1370,3 pm; β = 104,86°. (PPh4)2[Co(N3)3Cl]: Strukturbestimmung mit 2753 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 7,5%. Gitterkonstanten: a = 1119,7; b = 1899,2; c = 2115,4 pm; β = 90,47°. Die Strukturen bestehen aus PPh4⊕- Ionen und aus Anionen, die sich auf kristallographischen zweizähligen Drehachsen befinden. Die Anionen sind je auf zwei Positionen mit halber Besetzungswahrscheinlichkeit fehlgeordnet; beim [Co(N3)3Cl]2-Ion überlagert sich das Chloratom statistisch mit einer Azidogruppe, beim [Mn(N3)4]2-Ion ist das Ion um etwa 20° aus der Ideallage statistisch nach zwei Seiten der Drehachse gekippt. In beiden Verbindungen bilden die Kationen Schichten, zwischen denen sich die Anionen befinden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875551202
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