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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (54)
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 367-376 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Stacking faults ; Dynamical theory calculations ; Digital image processing ; Weak beam images ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: An analysis of the effects of strain and surface roughness on the contrast of weak beam images of small metallic particles is carried out. in order to study these effects, theoretical calculations of the intensity obtained in wedge-shaped bent gold crystals were performed. These calculations were based on the standard form (Bethe's approach) of the dynamical theory. The theoretical results were compared with weak beam experimental images of gold particles. It was found that the image contrast obtained in thin crystalline regions is not sensitive to strain. Therefore, intensity variations experimentally obtained in these regions seem more likely to be related to the surface roughness of the crystalline specimen. We also studied (experimentally and theoretically) the image-contrast characteristics of stacking faults in small particles. The comparison between the experimental micrographs and the theoretical images suggests a possible model of the small particle shape. This model seems to explain most of the experimentally observed image-contrast characteristics.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational equilibria of seven methyl β-D-mannobioside conformers have been studied theoretically in five solvents. The structure of each individual conformer has been refined by the PCILO quantum-chemical method from the seven distinct low-energy regions determined from (Φ, Ψ) maps calculated by a potential function method. The stability of the conformers in dilute solution has been evaluated by using a method that consists of electrostatic, dispersion, and cavity terms. The calculated abundance of conformers depends on the solvent and results indicate that the preponderant conformer in the solution may not be the one adopted by mannobiose in the crystalline form. Based on the determined abundance of conformers, thermodynamically averaged nmr parameters, dipole moment, and linkage rotation have been calculated. The solvation behavior of methyl β-D-mannobioside is compared to those previously estimated for cellobiose and maltose.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1809-1822 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A unified representation of helical parameters (n,h) based on a polar mapping is proposed. Its application to the case of polysaccharides allows a straightforward comparison of all secondary structures displayed by this class of biopolymers in the solid state. Based on the concept that a disordered state of a polymer may be described by a succession of local helical parameters, the application of this unified representation has been extended to the simulation of chain behavior in solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time resolved x-ray solution scattering measurements were made during thermal denaturation of DNA from various sources in the temperature range of 20-90°C. Preliminary results on the influence of fragement length, ionic strength, and origin of the DNA on the time course of the scattering are described. Interpretation is based on model calculations of the scattering patterns. The resluts indicate that, for long DNA fragments at very low ionic strength, the melting process is a continuous phenomenon over the whole temperature range. It is accompanied by a progressive decrease of the radius of gyration of the cross section and of the mass per unit length. For short fragments of 146 base pair nucleosomal core DNA, stiffening of the DNA appears to precede a sharp melting transition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Iminophosphoran-vermittelte Syntheses von mesoionischen 1,3,4- Oxadiazolo[3,2a]pyridinylium-2-aminidenDas Iminophosphoran 2 reagiert mit Methylisocyanat zu dem mesoionischen 1,3,4-Oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinylium-2-methylaminid 3, das durch CF3SO3CH3 zum 1,3,4-Oxadiazolo[3,2-a]-pyridinium-Kation 4 methyliert wird. Struktur 4 wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert. Durch Einwirkung von Base lagert das mesoionische Aminid 3 zum isomeren mesoionischen 1,3,4-Triazolo[3,2-a]pyridinylium-2-olat 11 um. Verbindung 3 wird durch (Arylimino)triphenylphosphorane in die entsprechenden 1,3,4-Oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-2-arylaminide 12 umgewandelt, die auch aus Iminophosphoran 2 und Hydroximoylchloriden zugänglich sind.
    Notes: Reaction of iminophosphorane 2 with methyl isocyanate yields the mesoionic 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinylium-2-methylamindie 3, which undergoes N-methylation with CF3SO3CH3 to give the 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium cation 4. The structure of compound 4 has been established by means of X-ray crystallography. Mesoionic aminide 3 undergoes rearrangement by the action of base to give the isomeric mesoionic compound 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridinylium-2-olate 11. Compound 3 by the action of (arylimino)triphenylphosphoranes is converted into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinylium-2-arylaminides 12, which can be also prepared from iminophosphorane 2 and hydroximoyl chlorides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 1731-1737 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of the polymorphism of poly(3,3-dimethyloxetane) was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. From the relaxed melt state, two modifications, Form II (monoclinic) and Form III (orthorhombic), are separately obtained depending on crystallization temperature. When the crystallization is accomplished for a given modification, this one is stable at any temperature below its melting temperature. However, if the crystallization of a given modification is not complete, the other modification can be crystallized from the amorphous phase. Thus, a possibility of obtaining both forms exists. The kinetic and thermodynamic factors which govern this process are analyzed. The free energies were calculated and the conclusion is that modification II is thermodynamically the most stable one at all temperatures below its melting point.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(propylene terephthalate)Systematic IUPAC name: poly(oxypropyleneoxyterephthaloyl). (PPTP) and poly(propylene isophthalate)Systematic IUPAC name: poly(oxypropyleneoxyisophthaloyl). (PPIP) were prepared by melt polycondensation. Different fractions with number-average molar masses in the range 5 000 - 20 000 g·mol-1 were obtained and their respective glass transition temperatures (Tg) determined by calorimetry. The solubility parameters of the polymers were obtained by viscosity measurements in different solvents and were found to be 9,4 and 9,5 cal1/2·cm-3/2 (19,2·103 and 19,4·103 J1/2·m-3/2) for PPIP and PPTP, respectively. The glass transition temperatures were compared with those reported for analogous polyesters and it was shown that intramolecular interactions highly influence the Tg of these polyesters, whereas the effect of intermolecular interactions seems to be less important.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 613-621 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The long spacings of several samples of poly(3,3-dimethyloxetane) (PDMO) were determined by small-angle X-ray diffraction as a function of molecular weight and crystallization temperature, in the interval where only the monoclinic modification is produced. The equilibrium melting temperature and the basal interfacial free energy of the mature crystals were determined from the correlation between long spacings and melting temperatures. Finally, an estimation of the critical sizes of the nuclei was made from nucleation theory, and the results were compared with the actual sizes of the crystallites, assuming a two-phase model. Our results show that both the nuclei and the mature crystals have rather small sizes, which is attributed to the high under-coolings involved in the crystallization of PDMO.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 439-447 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphology and growth rates of crystallized fractions of poly(3,3-dimethyloxetane) covering the range Mn = 18500 to Mn = 130000 were studied by polarized light microscopy at crystallization temperatures from 24 to 44°C. It was found that the growth rate is linear and only spherulites are formed in the temperature range examined. The growth rate-temperature coefficient was analyzed by using nucleation theory. The usual plots are linear in the whole range of crystallization temperatures, and the comparison between dilatometric and growth data revealed that the overall rate- and growth rate-temperature coefficients are approximately the same.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2975-2981 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Upon mixing dilute solutions (10-4 - 10-2 mol/l) of poly(monobenzyl itaconate) (PMBI) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) in methanol, soluble polycomplex particles are formed. Here we report on the spectrophotometric determination of the turbidity of different solutions of PVP and PMBI as a function of polymer concentration and PVP molecular weight. Viscosity measurements were also performed. The polycomplex is weak. Polycomplex particles are more compact and much larger than separated chains of polyacid and polybase. No definite stoichiometry is observed and a microgel-like structure is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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